This statistic shows the top 10 U.S. metropolitan statistical areas with the largest amount of employment in drugs and pharmaceuticals in 2023. New York-Newark-Jersey City (NY-NJ-PA) ranked second highest, with around ****** persons employed within this industry.

This data collection provides statistics gathered from a variety of federal agencies and national associations. Demographic, economic, and governmental data from both the federal government and private agencies are presented to enable multiarea comparisons as well as single-area profiles. Current estimates and benchmark census results are included. Data are available for five types of geographic coverage: (1) Metro Areas data cover 249 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), 17 consolidated metropolitan statistical areas (CMSAs), 54 primary metropolitan statistical areas (PSMAs), and 16 New England county metropolitan areas (NECMAs). Metro Areas data include the following general subjects: area and population, households, vital statistics, health, education, crime, housing, money income, personal income, civilian labor force, employment, construction, commercial office space, manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, service industries, banking, federal funds and grants, and government employment. There are 14 parts for Metro Areas. (2) State Metro/Nonmetro data cover the United States, the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the metropolitan and nonmetropolitan portions of these areas. State Metro/Nonmetro data include most of the subjects listed for Metro Areas. There are six parts for State Metro/Nonmetro. (3) Metro Counties data cover 336 metropolitan areas and their component counties and include topics identical to those presented in the State Metro/Nonmetro data. Six parts are supplied for Metro Counties. (4) Metro Central Cities data cover 336 metropolitan areas and their 522 central cities and 336 outside central cities portions. Metro Central Cities variables are limited to 13 items, which include area and population, money income, civilian labor force, and retail trade. There is one part for Metro Central Cities. (5) States data cover the United States, the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and census regions and divisions. States data include the same items as the Metro Areas data, plus information on social welfare programs, geography and environment, domestic travel and parks, gross state product, poverty, wealth holders, business, research and development, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, minerals and mining, transportation, communications, energy, state government, federal government, and elections. There are 101 parts for States.

This study represents one of four research projects on service delivery systems in metropolitan areas, covering fire protection (DECISION-RELATED RESEARCH ON THE ORGANIZATION OF SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS: FIRE PROTECTION [ICPSR 7409]), public health (DECISION-RELATED RESEARCH ON THE ORGANIZATION OF SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS: PUBLIC HEALTH [ICPSR 7374]), solid waste management (DECISION-RELATED RESEARCH ON THE ORGANIZATION OF SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT [ICPSR 7487]), and police protection (the present study). All four projects used a common unit of analysis, namely all 200 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs) that, according to the 1970 Census, had a population of less than 1,500,000 and were entirely located within a single state. In each project, a limited amount of information was collected for all 200 SMSAs. More extensive data were gathered within independently drawn samples of these SMSAs, for all local geographical units and each administrative jurisdiction or agency in the service delivery areas. Two standardized systems of geocoding -- the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) codes and the Office of Revenue Sharing (ORS) codes -- were used, so that data from various sources could be combined. The use of these two coding schemes also allows users to combine data from two or more of the research projects conducted in conjunction with the present one, or to add data from a wide variety of public data files. The present study used five major clusters of variables to investigate the delivery of police services: service conditions, the legal structure, organizational arrangements, manpower levels, and expenditure levels. Information about specific services such as patrol, traffic control, criminal investigation, radio communications, adult pre-trial detention, entry-level training, and crime laboratory analysis was collected at the local jurisdiction level in a random sample of 80 SMSAs. Part 1 summarizes in matrix form the relationships between all consumers and producers for each type of service in a given SMSA. Part 2 provides data about 1,885 consuming units, or service areas, defined as mutually exclusive geographical divisions of each SMSA that received police services. Part 3 contains information for 1,761 police agencies, defined as service producers, with functions and duties that may overlap several jurisdictions.

The 2013 Urban Influence Codes form a classification scheme that distinguishes metropolitan counties by population size of their metro area, and nonmetropolitan counties by size of the largest city or town and proximity to metro and micropolitan areas. The standard Office of Management and Budget (OMB) metro and nonmetro categories have been subdivided into two metro and 10 nonmetro categories, resulting in a 12-part county classification. This scheme was originally developed in 1993. This scheme allows researchers to break county data into finer residential groups, beyond metro and nonmetro, particularly for the analysis of trends in nonmetro areas that are related to population density and metro influence.

An update of the Urban Influence Codes is planned for mid-2023.This record was taken from the USDA Enterprise Data Inventory that feeds into the https://data.gov catalog. Data for this record includes the following resources: Webpage with links to Excel files For complete information, please visit https://data.gov.

The Brookings Institute study concluded that: Steep employment losses following the Great Recession stalled the steady decentralization of jobs that characterized the early to mid-2000s. However, by 2010 nearly twice the share of jobs was located at least 10 miles away from downtown (43%) as within 3 miles of downtown (23%).Job losses in industries hit hardest by the downturn, including construction and manufacturing, helped check employment decentralization in the late 2000s. In all but nine of the 100 largest metro areas, the share of jobs located within three miles of downtown declined during the 2000s.Metro areas showing the greatest increase in jobs in the 10-35 miles radius from downtown include:Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ, San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX, Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX, Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX, and Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX.Metro areas showing the greatest loss of jobs within the 3 mile radius of downtown include:North Port-Bradenton-Sarasota, FL, Boise City-Nampa, ID, Jackson, MS, McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX, and Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FLSource:Job Sprawl Stalls: The Great Recession and Metropolitan Employment Location, Metropolitan Policy Program, Brookings Institute. Elizabeth Kneebone. URL: https://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2013/04/18-job-sprawl-kneebone

Scientific and practical identification and analysis of the differences in the spatial structure of metropolitan areas are of great significance to the long-term development of metropolitan areas and urban agglomerations. Because the current research focuses more on the external spatial structure of the metropolitan area and less on the internal spatial differences, this study is based on remote sensing data, POI data, and road vector data combined with a spatial clustering algorithm with location constraints. Multi-level analysis of spatial clustering and differences within the circle. Theresearch results show that compared with the traditional algorithm, spatial clustering with location constraints can identify the group structure within the metropolitan area to a large extent. At the same time, the single-factor and multi- factorclustering results show that the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan metropolitan area currently has large internal spatial differences; Except for Changsha, Zhuzhou, and Xiangtan core urban areas, no apparent cluster structure has been formed. This study can well reflect the current heterogeneity of the internal spatial structure of the Chang-Zhu-Tan metropolitan area and provide a solid reference for the future developmentof the metropolitan area

The DC Metropolitan Area Drug Study (DCMADS) was conducted in 1991, and included special analyses of homeless and transient populations and of women delivering live births in the DC hospitals. DCMADS was undertaken to assess the full extent of the drug problem in one metropolitan area. The study was comprised of 16 separate studies that focused on different sub-groups, many of which are typically not included or are under-represented in household surveys.The DCMADS: Household and Non-household Populations examines the prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and drug use among members of household and non-household populations aged 12 and older in the District of Columbia Metropolitan Statistical Area (DC MSA). The study also examines the characteristics of three drug-abusing sub-groups: crack-cocaine, heroin, and needle users. The household sample was drawn from the 1991 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). The non-household sample was drawn from the DCMADS Institutionalized and Homeless and Transient Population Studies. Data include demographics, needle use, needle-sharing, and use of tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, crack, inhalants, marijuana, hallucinogens, heroin, sedatives, stimulants, psychotherapeutics (non-medical use), tranquilizers, and analgesics.This study has 1 Data Set.

This dataset was created for the research reported in two articles by William S. Bainbridge entitled "The Religious Ecology of Deviance" in American Sociological Review and "Explaining Church Member Rate" in Social Forces. This dataset contains information about religious membership, population and deviant activity in 289 metropolitan statistical areas. The data come from the U.S. Census Bureau as well as a variety of publications on behaviors deemed "deviant."

Computer code and data to replicate delineations described in "A Better Delineation of U.S. Metropolitan Areas'", Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Research Working Paper 25-01, May 2025. The paper is conditionally accepted for publication in the Journal of Urban Economics.

This survey was conducted as part of the Citizen Participation and Community Crime Prevention project at the Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research, Northwestern University. The project was conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the wide range of activities in which the American public engages to be secure from crime. In particular, this survey was designed to identify the scope of anti-crime activities and investigate the processes that facilitate or inhibit the public's involvement in those activities. The geographical area for the survey was defined by the "commuting basin" of Chicago, excluding several independent cities and their suburbs (e.g., Aurora, Waukegan, and Joliet) on the northern and western fringes of that area, and excluding all areas in Indiana. Interviewing was carried out by the Survey Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois during June through August 1979. Information was gathered on people's opinions toward safety, their involvement with crime prevention activities, and the quality of life in their neighborhoods. In addition, data were assembled from Census Bureau and police reports for each community area in which respondents lived in the years immediately preceding the survey.

Graph and download economic data for All Employees: Professional and Business Services: Scientific Research and Development Services in Pittsburgh, PA (MSA) (SMU42383006054170001) from Jan 2004 to Jun 2025 about R&D, science, Pittsburgh, PA, services, employment, and USA.

Metro Ethernet Services Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Metro Ethernet Services market size in 2024 is valued at USD 68.5 billion, demonstrating robust expansion driven by escalating demand for high-speed, reliable, and scalable connectivity solutions across diverse sectors. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 10.2% during the forecast period, reaching approximately USD 164.6 billion by 2033. The accelerating adoption of cloud-based applications, digital transformation initiatives, and the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices are the primary growth factors fueling this market’s remarkable trajectory.

The growth of the Metro Ethernet Services market is predominantly propelled by the increasing need for high-bandwidth and low-latency connectivity among enterprises and service providers. As organizations embrace digital transformation, there is a mounting requirement for robust and agile network infrastructures that can support cloud computing, unified communications, and real-time data analytics. Metro Ethernet services, with their inherent scalability and flexibility, have emerged as the preferred choice for enterprises seeking to interconnect multiple locations within metropolitan areas. The rise of data-intensive applications, such as video conferencing, online collaboration tools, and big data analytics, further amplifies the demand for reliable and high-performance Metro Ethernet solutions.

Another critical growth driver for the Metro Ethernet Services market is the ongoing evolution of smart cities and the rapid expansion of IoT ecosystems. Governments and municipalities across the globe are investing heavily in smart infrastructure to enhance urban living, optimize resource management, and improve public safety. Metro Ethernet networks serve as the backbone for these smart city initiatives, enabling seamless connectivity for surveillance systems, traffic management, public Wi-Fi, and other IoT-enabled services. The increasing deployment of 5G networks also augments the need for robust Ethernet backhaul solutions, further strengthening the market outlook for Metro Ethernet services.

Moreover, the growing trend of remote and hybrid work environments has accelerated the adoption of Metro Ethernet services among businesses of all sizes. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the importance of resilient and secure connectivity for maintaining business continuity and supporting distributed workforces. Enterprises are increasingly leveraging Metro Ethernet to establish secure connections between branch offices, data centers, and cloud platforms, ensuring uninterrupted access to critical applications and data. The flexibility to scale bandwidth on demand and the ability to support diverse applications make Metro Ethernet an indispensable component of modern enterprise networking strategies.

From a regional perspective, North America and Asia Pacific currently dominate the Metro Ethernet Services market, accounting for a substantial share of global revenue. North America’s leadership is attributed to the presence of advanced IT infrastructure, widespread adoption of cloud services, and a large concentration of technology-driven enterprises. Meanwhile, Asia Pacific is witnessing the fastest growth, driven by rapid urbanization, increasing investments in digital infrastructure, and the proliferation of connected devices. Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa are also experiencing steady growth, fueled by digitalization initiatives and rising demand for high-speed connectivity in both urban and rural areas.

Service Type Analysis

The Service Type segment of the Metro Ethernet Services market is categorized into E-Line, E-LAN, E-Tree, E-Access, and Others. Among these, the E-Line service type holds the largest market share, owing to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and widespread adoption among enterprises seeking point-to-point connectivity. E-Line services are particularly favored by organizations req

Graph and download economic data for All Employees: Professional and Business Services: Scientific Research and Development Services in San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA (MSA) (SMU06419406054170001) from Jan 1990 to Jun 2025 about R&D, San Jose, science, CA, services, employment, and USA.

The metadata set does not comprise any description or summary. The information has not been provided.

This dataset was generated for analyzing the economic impacts of subway networks on housing prices in metropolitan areas. The provision of transit networks and accompanying improvement in accessibility induce various impacts and we focused on the economic impacts realized through housing prices. As a proxy of housing price, we consider the price of condominiums, the dominant housing type in South Korea. Although our focus is transit accessibility and housing prices, the presented dataset is applicable to other studies. In particular, it provides a wide range of variables closely related to housing price, including housing properties, local amenities, local demographic characteristics, and control variables for the seasonality. Many of these variables were scientifically generated by our research team. Various distance variables were constructed in a geographic information system environment based on public data and they are useful not only for exploring environmental impacts on housing prices, but also for other statistical analyses in regard to real estate and social science research. The four metropolitan areas covered by the data—Busan, Daegu, Daejeon, and Gwangju—are independent of the transit systems of Greater Seoul, providing accurate information on the metropolitan structure separate from the capital city.

To quantitatively investigate the transboundary behaviors and source attributions of ozone (O3) and its precursor species over East Asia, we utilize the adjoint technique in the CMAQ modeling system (the CMAQ adjoint). Our focus is on the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) in South Korea, which is the receptor region of this study. We examine the contributions of both local and transported emissions to an O3 exceedance episode observed on June 3, 2019, estimating up to four days in advance. By using the CMAQ adjoint, we can determine the sensitivity of O3 remaining in the SMA to changes in O3 precursor emissions (emissions-based sensitivity) and concentrations (concentrations-based sensitivity) along the long-range transport pathways and emission source regions overseas. These include Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Shandong, Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and Central China. CMAQ adjoint-derived source attributions suggest that overseas precursor emissions and O3 contributed significantly to the O3 exceedance event in SMA. The emissions-based sensitivities revealed that precursor emissions originating from Shandong, YRD, Central China, and BTH contributed 11.42 ppb, 4.28 ppb, 1.24 ppb, 0.9 ppb, respectively, to the O3 exceedance episode observed in the SMA. Meanwhile, Korean emissions contributed 31.1 ppb. Concentrations-based sensitivities indicated that 19.3 ppb of contributions originated in regions beyond eastern China and directly affected the O3 level in the SMA in the form of background O3. In addition to capturing the transboundary movements of air parcels between the source and receptor regions, we performed HYSPLIT backward trajectory analyses. The results align with the trajectories of O3 and its precursors that we obtained from the adjoint method. This study represents a unique effort in employing the adjoint technique to examine the impacts of regional O3 on South Korea, utilizing a combination of emissions-based and concentrations-based sensitivities. Implications: This research brings to light the critical role of both local and regional precursor emissions in contributing to an ozone (O3) exceedance event in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), South Korea. Utilizing the CMAQ adjoint technique, a novel approach in the context of South Korea’s O3 investigations, we were able to delineate the quantitative contributions of different regions, both within South Korea and from overseas areas such as Beijing, Shandong, Shanghai, and Central China. Importantly, the results underscore the substantial influence of transboundary pollutant transport, emphasizing the need for international collaboration in addressing air quality issues. As metropolitan areas around the globe grapple with similar challenges, the methodology and insights from this study offer a potent tool and framework for regions seeking to understand and mitigate the impacts of O3 on human health and the environment. By integrating different sensitivity types, coupled with HYSPLIT backward trajectory analyses, this research equips policymakers with comprehensive data to design targeted interventions, emphasizing the significance of collaborative efforts in tackling regional air pollution challenges. However, it’s important to note the limitation of this study, which is a case study conducted over a short time period. This constraint may impact the generalizability of the findings and suggests a need for further research to validate and expand upon these results.

Graph and download economic data for All Employees: Professional and Business Services: Scientific Research and Development Services in Middlesex-Monmouth-Ocean, NJ (SMU34935656054170001) from Jan 1990 to Dec 2024 about Middlesex, R&D, science, NJ, services, employment, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for All Employees: Professional and Business Services: Scientific Research and Development Services in St. Louis, MO-IL (MSA) (SMU29411806054170001) from Jan 1990 to Jun 2025 about R&D, science, St. Louis, IL, MO, services, employment, and USA.

The Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC), developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service (ERS), classify U.S. counties by their level of urbanization and proximity to metropolitan areas. Counties are categorized as metropolitan or nonmetropolitan, with further divisions based on population size, urbanization level, and adjacency to metro regions. The RUCC provides a detailed framework that supports research and policy analysis in areas such as public health, sociology, regional planning, and economic development. It is widely used for identifying rural-urban disparities and integrates Census data, aligning with Office of Management and Budget (OMB) metro delineations for consistent updates. Its nuanced stratification is particularly valuable in studies like the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), which explore the social determinants of health.

The 2013 Rural-Urban Continuum Codes form a classification scheme that distinguishes metropolitan counties by the population size of their metro area, and nonmetropolitan counties by degree of urbanization and adjacency to a metro area.

The official Office of Management and Budget (OMB) metro and nonmetro categories have been subdivided into three metro and six nonmetro categories. Each county in the U.S. is assigned one of the 9 codes. This scheme allows researchers to break county data into finer residential groups, beyond metro and nonmetro, particularly for the analysis of trends in nonmetro areas that are related to population density and metro influence. The Rural-Urban Continuum Codes were originally developed in 1974. They have been updated each decennial since (1983, 1993, 2003, 2013), and slightly revised in 1988. Note that the 2013 Rural-Urban Continuum Codes are not directly comparable with the codes prior to 2000 because of the new methodology used in developing the 2000 metropolitan areas. See the Documentation for details and a map of the codes.

An update of the Rural-Urban Continuum Codes is planned for mid-2023.This record was taken from the USDA Enterprise Data Inventory that feeds into the https://data.gov catalog. Data for this record includes the following resources: Web page with links to Excel files For complete information, please visit https://data.gov.