The TIGER/Line Shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) System. The MAF/TIGER System represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line Shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. The TIGERweb REST Services allows users to integrate the Census Bureau's Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing database (TIGER) data into their own GIS or custom web-based applications.For a more detailed description of the areas listed or terms below, refer to TIGER/Line documentation or the Geographic Areas Reference Manual, (GARM).This REST service contains Combined New England City and Town Area (CNECTA), Combined Statistical Area (CSA), Metropolitan Division, Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA), and New England City and Town Area (NECTA) boundaries.Combined New England City and Town Areas (CNECTAs) consist of two or more adjacent NECTAs that have significant employment interchanges. The NECTAs that combine to create a CNECTA retain separate identities within the larger combined statistical areas.

Combined Statistical Areas (CSAs) consist of two or more adjacent CBSAs that have significant employment interchanges. The CBSAs that combine to create a CSA retain separate identities within the larger CSAs.

Metropolitan Divisions are smaller groupings of counties or equivalent entities within a metropolitan statistical area that contains a single core with 2.5 million inhabitants.

Core Based Statistical Area Codes (CBSA) are the metropolitan statistical areas, micropolitan statistical areas, NECTAs, metropolitan divisions, and NECTA divisions use a 5-character code. Each metropolitan statistical area must have one urbanized area of 50,000 or more inhabitants. Each micropolitan statistical area must have one urban cluster of 10,000 to 49,999 inhabitants.

New England City and Town Area (NECTA) Divisions are smaller groupings of cities and towns within a NECTA that contains a single core with 2.5 million inhabitants. A NECTA Division consists of a main city or town that represents an employment center, as well as adjacent cities and towns associated with the main city or town through commuting ties. Each NECTA Division must contain a total population of 100,000 or more.

Additional resources to obtain Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas and Related Statistical Areas are listed below.

Combined New England City and Town Area (CNECTA) Shapefile - https://www2.census.gov/geo/tiger/TIGER2020/CNECTA/

Combined Statistical Area (CSA) Shapefile – https://www2.census.gov/geo/tiger/TIGER2020/CSA/

Metropolitan Division Shapefile – https://www2.census.gov/geo/tiger/TIGER2020/METDIV/

Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA) Shapefile – https://www2.census.gov/geo/tiger/TIGER2020/CBSA/

New England City and Town Area (NECTA) Shapefile- https://www2.census.gov/geo/tiger/TIGER2020/NECTA/.

The database includes ZIP code, city name, alias city name, state code, phone area code, city type, county name, country FIPS, time zone, day light saving flag, latitude, longitude, county elevation, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA), Core Based Statistical Area (CBSA) and census 2000 data on population by race, average household income, and average house value.

The 2015 cartographic boundary KMLs are simplified representations of selected geographic areas from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). These boundary files are specifically designed for small-scale thematic mapping. When possible, generalization is performed with the intent to maintain the hierarchical relationships among geographies and to maintain the alignment of geographies within a file set for a given year. Geographic areas may not align with the same areas from another year. Some geographies are available as nation-based files while others are available only as state-based files.

               Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas are together termed Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) and are defined by the Office
               of Management and Budget (OMB) and consist of the county or counties or equivalent entities associated with at least one urban core
               (urbanized area or urban cluster) of at least 10,000 population, plus adjacent counties having a high degree of social and economic
               integration with the core as measured through commuting ties with the counties containing the core. Categories of CBSAs are:
               Metropolitan Statistical Areas, based on urbanized areas of 50,000 or more population; and Micropolitan Statistical Areas, based on
               urban clusters of at least 10,000 population but less than 50,000 population.

               The CBSAs boundaries are those defined by OMB based on the 2010 Census and published in 2013.

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas are together termed Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) and are defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and consist of the county or counties or equivalent entities associated with at least one urban core (urbanized area or urban cluster) of at least 10,000 population, plus adjacent counties having a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured through commuting ties with the counties containing the core. Categories of CBSAs are: Metropolitan Statistical Areas, based on urbanized areas of 50,000 or more population; and Micropolitan Statistical Areas, based on urban clusters of at least 10,000 population but less than 50,000 population. The CBSA boundaries are those defined by OMB based on the 2010 Census, published in 2013, and updated in 2018.

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation.

      Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas are together termed Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) and are defined by the Office of Management and
      Budget (OMB) and consist of the county or counties or equivalent entities associated with at least one urban core (urbanized area or urban cluster) of at
      least 10,000 population, plus adjacent counties having a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured through commuting ties
      with the counties containing the core. Categories of CBSAs are: Metropolitan Statistical Areas, based on urbanized areas of 50,000 or more population;
      and Micropolitan Statistical Areas, based on urban clusters of at least 10,000 population but less than 50,000 population. 

      The CBSAs boundaries are those defined by OMB based on the 2010 Census and published in 2013.

Summary File 1 (SF1) Urban/Rural Update contains summary statistics on population and housing subjects derived from the responses to the 2010 Census questionnaire. Population items include sex, age, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, household relationship, household type, household size, family type, family size, and group quarters. Housing items include occupancy status, vacancy status, and tenure (whether a housing unit is owner-occupied or renter-occupied). The summary statistics are presented in 333 tables, which are tabulated for multiple levels of observation (called "summary levels" in the Census Bureau's nomenclature), including, but not limited to, regions, divisions, states, metropolitan/micropolitan statistical areas, counties, county subdivisions, places, congressional districts, American Indian Areas, Alaska Native Areas, Hawaiian Home Lands, ZIP Code tabulation areas, census tracts, block groups, and blocks. There are 177 population tables and 58 housing tables shown down to the block level; 84 population tables and 4 housing tables shown down to the census tract level; and 10 population tables shown down to the county level. Some of the summary areas are iterated for "geographic components" or portions of geographic areas, e.g., the principal city of a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) or the urban and rural portions of a MSA. With one variable per table cell and additional variables with geographic information, the collection comprises 2,597 data files, 49 per state, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the National File. The Census Bureau released SF1 in three stages: initial release, National Update, and Urban/Rural Update. The National Update added summary levels for the United States, regions, divisions, and geographic areas that cross state lines such as Combined Statistical Areas. This update adds urban and rural population and housing unit counts, summary levels for urban areas and the urban/rural components of census tracts and block groups, geographic components involving urbanized areas and urban clusters, and two new tables (household type by relationship for the population 65 years and over and a new tabulation of the total population by race). The initial release and National Update is available as ICPSR 33461. ICPSR supplies this data collection in 54 ZIP archives. There is a separate archive for each state, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the National File. The last archive contains a Microsoft Access database shell and additional documentation files besides the codebook.

description: The Census Bureau maintains the ANSI (formerly FIPS) codes for Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas.; abstract: The Census Bureau maintains the ANSI (formerly FIPS) codes for Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas.

Abstract

A crosswalk matching US ZIP codes to corresponding CBSA (core-based statistical area)

Documentation

The denominators used to calculate the address ratios are the ZIP code totals. When a ZIP is split by any of the other geographies, that ZIP code is duplicated in the crosswalk file.

**Example: **ZIP code 03870 is split by two different Census tracts, 33015066000 and 33015071000, which appear in the tract column. The ratio of residential addresses in the first ZIP-Tract record to the total number of residential addresses in the ZIP code is .0042 (.42%). The remaining residential addresses in that ZIP (99.58%) fall into the second ZIP-Tract record.

So, for example, if one wanted to allocate data from ZIP code 03870 to each Census tract located in that ZIP code, one would multiply the number of observations in the ZIP code by the residential ratio for each tract associated with that ZIP code.

https://redivis.com/fileUploads/4ecb405e-f533-4a5b-8286-11e56bb93368%3E" alt="">(Note that the sum of each ratio column for each distinct ZIP code may not always equal 1.00 (or 100%) due to rounding issues.)

CBSA definition

A core-based statistical area (CBSA) is a U.S. geographic area defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) that consists of one or more counties (or equivalents) anchored by an urban center of at least 10,000 people plus adjacent counties that are socioeconomically tied to the urban center by commuting. Areas defined on the basis of these standards applied to Census 2000 data were announced by OMB in June 2003. These standards are used to replace the definitions of metropolitan areas that were defined in 1990. The OMB released new standards based on the 2010 Census on July 15, 2015.

Further reading

The following article demonstrates how to more effectively use the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) United States Postal Service ZIP Code Crosswalk Files when working with disparate geographies.

Wilson, Ron and Din, Alexander, 2018. “Understanding and Enhancing the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s ZIP Code Crosswalk Files,” Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research, Volume 20 Number 2, 277 – 294. URL: https://www.huduser.gov/portal/periodicals/cityscpe/vol20num2/ch16.pdf

Contact authors

Questions regarding these crosswalk files can be directed to Alex Din with the subject line HUD-Crosswalks.

Acknowledgement

This dataset is taken from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) office: https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/usps_crosswalk.html#codebook

The 2019 cartographic boundary shapefiles are simplified representations of selected geographic areas from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). These boundary files are specifically designed for small-scale thematic mapping. When possible, generalization is performed with the intent to maintain the hierarchical relationships among geographies and to maintain the alignment of geographies within a file set for a given year. Geographic areas may not align with the same areas from another year. Some geographies are available as nation-based files while others are available only as state-based files.

    Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas are together termed Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) and are defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and consist of the county or counties or equivalent entities
    associated with at least one urban core (urbanized area or urban cluster) of at least 10,000 population, plus adjacent counties having a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured through commuting ties with
    the counties containing the core. Categories of CBSAs are: Metropolitan Statistical Areas, based on urbanized areas of 50,000 or more population; and Micropolitan Statistical Areas, based on urban clusters of at least 10,000 population but less than 50,000 population.

    The generalized boundaries in this file are based on those defined by OMB based on the 2010 Census, published in 2013, and updated in 2015, 2017, and 2018. Cartographic CBSA's are availiable at the 1:5,000,000, 1:2,0000,000 and 1:500,000 scales

Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Data and Documentation section...Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section..This table provides geographical mobility for persons relative to their residence at the time they were surveyed. The characteristics crossed by geographical mobility reflect the current survey year..Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, for 2010, the 2010 Census provides the official counts of the population and housing units for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns. For 2006 to 2009, the Population Estimates Program provides intercensal estimates of the population for the nation, states, and counties..Explanation of Symbols:.An ''**'' entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate..An ''-'' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution..An ''-'' following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution..An ''+'' following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution..An ''***'' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate..An ''*****'' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate. .An ''N'' entry in the estimate and margin of error columns indicates that data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small..An ''(X)'' means that the estimate is not applicable or not available..Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census 2000 data. Boundaries for urban areas have not been updated since Census 2000. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization..While the 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the December 2009 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic entities..Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables..Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Community Survey

The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation.

      Metropolitan Divisions subdivide a Metropolitan Statistical Area containing a single core urban area that has a population of at least 2.5 million to
      form smaller groupings of counties or equivalent entities. Not all Metropolitan Statistical Areas with urban areas of this size will contain
      Metropolitan Divisions. Metropolitan Division are defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and consist of one or more main counties or
      equivalent entities that represent an employment center or centers, plus adjacent counties associated with the main county or counties through commuting
      ties. Because Metropolitan Divisions represent subdivisions of larger Metropolitan Statistical Areas, it is not appropriate to rank or compare
      Metropolitan Divisions with Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas. 

      The Metropolitan Divisions boundaries are those defined by OMB based on the 2010 Census and published in 2013.

This dataset supports measure CLL.B.2 of SD23 and reports the total number of jobs per North American Industry Classification System [NAICS] codes in the Austin metro area. Data sourced from Creative Vitality Suite. View more details and insights related to this data set on the story page: https://data.austintexas.gov/stories/s/nhps-8c54

Abstract (en): Extracted from the 2002 Census of Governments, this dataset provides the number of general-purpose local governments in each United States Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). Data from Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas (CMSAs) and their component Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSAs) are included. There are nine variables in this study. They contain information on locations (city and state); Metropolitan Statistical Areas; population at each location in the year 2000; number of General-Purpose Governments at each location as well as per 100,000 people; water, land, and total area in square miles; and General-Purpose Governments per 100,000 square miles of land area. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Created variable labels and/or value labels.; Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. Number of General Purpose Local Governments in United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas Smallest Geographic Unit: Metropolitan Statistical Areas

This data collection relates ZIP codes to counties, to standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs), and, in New England, to minor civil divisions (MCDs). The relationships between ZIP codes and other geographical units are based on 1979 boundaries, and changes since that time are not reflected. The Census Bureau used various sources to determine ZIP code-county or ZIP code-MCD relationships. In the cases where the sources were confusing or contradictory as to the geographical boundaries of a ZIP code, multiple ZIP-code records (each representing the territory contained in that ZIP-code area) were included in the data file. As a result, the file tends to overstate the ZIP code-county or ZIP code-MCD crossovers. The file is organized by ZIP code and is a byproduct of data used to administer the 1980 Census. Variables include ZIP codes, post office names, FIPS state and county codes, county or MCD names, and SMSA codes.

This data collection relates ZIP codes to counties, to standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs), and, in New England, to minor civil divisions (MCDs). The relationships between ZIP codes and other geographical units are based on 1979 boundaries, and changes since that time are not reflected. The Census Bureau used various sources to determine ZIP code-county or ZIP code-MCD relationships. In the cases where the sources were confusing or contradictory as to the geographical boundaries of a ZIP code, multiple ZIP-code records (each representing the territory contained in that ZIP-code area) were included in the data file. As a result, the file tends to overstate the ZIP code-county or ZIP code-MCD crossovers. The file is organized by ZIP code and is a byproduct of data used to administer the 1980 Census. Variables include ZIP codes, post office names, FIPS state and county codes, county or MCD names, and SMSA codes. (Source: downloaded from ICPSR 7/13/10)

Please Note: This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at ICPSR at https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR08051.v1. We highly recommend using the ICPSR version as they may make this dataset available in multiple data formats in the future.

Release Date: 2015-02-27...Table Name.Island Areas: Industry Series: Capital Expenditures and Rental Payments for Plant and Equipment by Manufacturing Industry for Puerto Rico and Metropolitan Areas: 2012.....Key Table Information.Refer to Methodology for additional information......Universe.The universe includes all establishments with payroll at any time during 2012, and classified in NAICS sectors 31-33. Data for 2012 are based on the 2012 NAICS Manual......Geography Coverage.The data are shown at the following geographic levels for Puerto Rico:..State-equivalent (ST - Puerto Rico).Combined Statistical Area (CSA).Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)..Note: The "Not in metropolitan or micropolitan area, Puerto Rico" category includes Culebra, Las Marías, Maricao, and Vieques municipios which are not part of any CSA or MSA......Industry Coverage.The data are shown for 2- and 3- digit NAICS code level and selected 4- and 5- digit NAICS code levels. The data for combined and metropolitan statistical areas are shown at the 2- and selected 3- digit NAICS code levels.......Data Items and Other Identifying Records.This file contains data on:. . Number of establishments. Total capital expenditures (new and used). Capital expenditures on new buildings and other structures. Capital expenditures on new machinery and equipment. Capital expenditures on used buildings. Capital expenditures for used machinery. Depreciation charges. Total rental payments. Rental payments for building and other structures. Rental payments for machinery and equipment. .....Sort Order.Data are presented in ascending NAICS code and geography levels sequence......FTP Download.Download the entire table athttps://www2.census.gov/econ2012/IA/sector00/IA1200IPRM14.zip....Contact Information.U.S. Census Bureau, Economy-Wide Statistics Division.Island Areas and Business Owners Branch.Tel: (301)763-3314.csd.ia@census.gov...Note: Data for 2012 are based on the 2012 NAICS..Note: The "Not in metropolitan or micropolitan area, Puerto Rico" category includes Culebra, Las Marías, Maricao, and Vieques municipios which are not part of any CSA or MSA..Note: The level of geographic detail covered varies for Puerto Rico manufacturing. Refer to geography help for a detailed list of the geographies. Note that tables IA1200IPRM02 and IA1200IPRM05 include different geographic levels (combined statistical areas (CSA), metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas (MSA), and municipios.) Tables IA1200IPRM12 - IA1200IPRM14 present data at the CSAs and MSAs level..Note: Includes only establishments with payroll. Data based on the 2012 Economic Census of Island Areas. Figures may not add to total due to rounding. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see Methodology..Symbols:D - Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies; data are included in higher level totalsN - Not available or not comparableFor a complete list of all economic programs symbols, see the Symbols Glossary.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 Economic Census of Island Areas.Note: The data in this file are based on the 2012 Economic Census of Island Areas. To maintain confidentiality, the U.S. Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The census results in this file contain sampling and nonsampling error. Data users who create their own estimates using data from this file should cite the U.S. Census Bureau as the source of the original data only. For the full technical documentation, see Methodology link in above headnote.

Tabulated statistics of road networks at the level of intersections and for built-up areas for each decade from 1900 to 2010, and for 2015, for each core-based statistical area (CBSA, i.e., metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area) in the conterminous United States. These areas are derived from historical road networks developed by Johannes Uhl. See Burghardt et al. (2022) for details on the data processing.

Spatial coverage: all CBSAs that are covered by the HISDAC-US historical settlement layers. This dataset includes around 2,700 U.S. counties. In the remaining counties, construction year coverage in the underlying ZTRAX data (Zillow Transaction and Assessment Dataset) is low. See Uhl et al. (2021) for details. All data created by Keith A. Burghardt, USC Information Sciences Institute, USA

Codebook: these CBSA statistics are stratified by degree of aggregation. - CBSA_stats_diffFrom1950: Change in CBSA-aggregated patch statistics between 1950 and 2015 - CBSA_stats_by_decade: CBSA-aggregated patch statistics for each decade from 1900-2010 plus 2015 - CBSA_stats_by_decade: CBSA-aggregated cumulative patch statistics for each decade from 1900-2010 plus 2015. All roads created up to a given decade are used for calculating statistics. - Patch_stats_by_decade: Individual patch statistics for each decade from 1900-2010 plus 2015 - Patch_stats_by_decade: Individual cumulative patch statistics for each decade from 1900-2010 plus 2015. All roads created up to a given decade are used for calculating statistics.

The statistics are the following:

msaid: CBSA code id: (if patch statistics) arbitrary int unique to each patch within the CBSA that year year: year of statistics pop: population within all CBSA counties patch_bupr: built up property records (BUPR) within a patch (or sum of patches within CBSA) patch_bupl: built up property l (BUPL) within a patch (or sum of patches within CBSA) patch_bua: built up area (BUA) within a patch (or sum of patches within CBSA) all_bupr: Same as above but for all data in 2015 regardless of whether properties were in patches all_bupl: Same as above but for all data in 2015 regardless of whether properties were in patches all_bua: Same as above but for all data in 2015 regardless of whether properties were in patches num_nodes: number of nodes (intersections) num_edges: number of edges (roads between intersections) distance: total road length in km k_mean: mean number of undirected roads per intersection k1: fraction of nodes with degree 1 k4plus: fraction of nodes with degree 4+ bearing: histogram of different bearings between intersections entropy: entropy of bearing histogram mean_local_gridness: Griddedness used in text mean_local_gridness_max: Same as griddedness used in text but assumes we can have up to 3 quadrilaterals for degree 3 (maximum possible, although intersections will not necessarily create right angles)

Code available at https://github.com/johannesuhl/USRoadNetworkEvolution.

References: Burghardt, K., Uhl, J., Lerman, K., & Leyk, S. (2022). Road Network Evolution in the Urban and Rural United States Since 1900. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 95: 101803.
doi: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101803

File provides the capability of assigning geographic codes (State, County, and Place) to records containing ZIP Code, post office name, and State abbreviation

This version has been updated to include codes for metropolitan statistical areas (MSA's) defined as of 6/30/87, and codes for counties and places in existence as of 1/1/87

Fifty states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico

This data set provides the capability of assigning geographic codes (State, county, and place) to records containing ZIP Code, post office name, and State Abbreviation. The file also contains spelling variations of post office names. The file was used by the Census Bureau in conjunction with other reference files to geocode responses from the 1982 Economic Censuses. This 1983 version has been updated to include codes for metropolitan statistical areas (MSA's) defined as of Dec. 31, 1983.< p>Fifty states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.

This file provides population counts, population centroids and geographic codes for tracts and part tracts within places as well as places and county sub-divisions which were part of Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas that were not tracted in 1960. Some records appear to refer to Enumeration Districts. The geographic codes include census state codes, census county codes, place codes, and census tracted area codes as well as remainders of parts not within the place. There are different types of records for tracted and un-tracted areas. Each record type has a slightly different data layout. There are about 71,920 records in the file.