In 2023, Mexico's coldest months were registered during the winter, with January recording the lowest minimum temperature that year, at just 8.8 degrees Celsius. On the other hand – with nearly 21 degrees Celsius – July had the warmest minimum temperature of 2023. That same year, the state of Tlaxcala reached the lowest annual minimum temperature across Mexico.

The state of Tlaxcala recorded the coldest minimum average temperature across Mexico in 2023, at just 7.5 degrees Celsius. Meanwhile, Quintana Roo registered the highest minimum temperature that year – with values reaching 23 degrees Celsius – closely followed by the state of Tabasco. Accordingly, both states were amongst Mexico's warmest states on average in 2023.

In 2023, Mexico's minimum average temperature stood at 15.2 degrees Celsius, up from 14.5 degrees Celsius in the previous year. During the period in consideration, the minimum temperature in the Latin American country reached a record low in the year 2000, at some 12.9 degrees Celsius. Since then, temperatures have been slowly rising, recording some of Mexico's highest maximum temperatures on average in recent years.

With an average temperature of some 28.3 degrees Celsius, the southern state of Campeche was Mexico's warmest state in 2023. This was closely followed by Tabasco and Yucatán, with average temperatures reaching 28.1 and 27.9 degrees Celsius, respectively. On the other side of the spectrum, State of Mexico recorded the lowest mean temperature across the Latin American country, at just 15.5 degrees Celsius.

In 2023, Mexico's maximum average temperature measured 30.2 degrees Celsius. This was an increase of 0.6 degrees Celsius from the previous year and the highest maximum temperature recorded in the Latin American country since at least the year 2000. Accordingly, 2023 was also Mexico's warmest year on average since the turn of the century.

The month of June recorded Mexico's highest maximum average temperature in 2023, at some 35.3 degrees Celsius. This was followed by July and August, both with maximum temperatures of around 34 degrees Celsius. On the other hand – with an average maximum temperature of 24.2 degrees Celsius – December registered the lowest figure of 2023.

XBT data were collected from the USCGC ACUSHNET in support of the Integrated Global Ocean Services System (IGOSS). Data were collected by the US Coast Guard from 29 January 1976 to 30 January 1976. Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Universal Bathythermograph Output (UBT) format. Full format description is available from NODC at www.nodc.noaa.gov/General/NODC-Archive/bt.html.

The UBT file format is used for temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles at depths of about 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m. Cruise information, position, date, and time are reported for each observation. The data record comprises pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT data file, in which temperature values are recorded at uniform 5m intervals, the XBT Data File contains temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths are at a minimum number of points ("inflection points") required to record the temperature curve to an acceptable degree of accuracy. On output, however, the user may request temperature values either at inflection points or interpolated to uniform depth increments.

The Ocean Station Data; the Water Depth and Temperature Data; and the Conductivity, Temperature and Depth (CTD) was collected from ship GYRE in the Gulf of Mexico by Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas over a two week period between October 1 and October 16, 1990. The originator's data was submitted in two diskettes by Mr David J. Voegele. The data has been converted and is now available on line in C100 Ocean Station Data, C116 bathythermograph (XBT) and F022-CTD-Hi Res file format of NODC. The Oceanographic Station Data (C100) format contains physical-chemical oceanographic data recorded at discrete depth levels. Most of the observations were made using multi-bottle Nansen casts or other types of water samplers. A small amount (about 5 percent) were obtained using electronic CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) or STD (salinity-temperature-depth) recorders. The CTD/STD data were reported to NODC at depth levels equivalent to Nansen cast data, however, and have been processed and stored the same as the Nansen data. Cruise information (e.g., ship, country, institution), position, date, and time, and reported for each station. The principal measured parameters and temperature and salinity, but dissolved oxygen, phosphate, total phosphorus, silicate, nitrate, nitrite, and pH may be reported. Meteorological conditions at the time of the cast (e.g., air temperature and pressure, wind, waves) may also be reported, as well as auxiliary data such as water color (Forel-Ule scale), water transparency (Secchi disk depth), and depth to bottom. Values of density (sigma-t) sound velocity, and dynamic depth anomaly are computed from measured parameters. Each station contains the measurements taken at the observed depth levels, but also includes data values interpolated to a set of standard depth levels. The C116/C118 format contains temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Cruise information, position, date and time were reported for each observation. The data record was comprised of pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT Data File, in which temperature values were recorded at uniform 5 m intervals, the XBT data files contained temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths were recorded at the minimum number of points ("inflection points") required to accurately define the temperature curve. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles to depths of either 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m. Prior to July 1994, XBT data were routinely processed to one of these standard types. XBT data are now processed and loaded directly in to the NODC Ocean Profile Data Base (OPDB). Historic data from these two data types were loaded into the OPDB. The F022 format contains high-resolution data collected using CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) and STD (salinity-temperature-depth) instruments. As they are lowered and raised in the oceans, these electronic devices provide nearly continuous profiles of temperature, salinity, and other parameters. Data values may be subject to averaging or filtering or obtained by interpolation and may be reported at depth intervals as fine as 1m. Cruise and instrument information, position, date, time and sampling interval are reported for each station. Environmental data at the time of the cast (meteorological and sea surface conditions) may also be reported. The data record comprises values of temperature, salinity or conductivity, density (computed sigma-t), and possibly dissolved oxygen or transmissivity at specified depth or pressure levels. Data may be reported at either equally or unequally spaced depth or pressure intervals. A text record is available for comments.

The state of Sinaloa recorded the highest maximum average temperature across Mexico in 2022, at some 33.2 degrees Celsius. Ranking second that year was the state of Campeche, with an annual maximum temperature of 33 degrees Celsius. By contrast – at only 23 degrees Celsius – State of Mexico registered the lowest maximum average temperature in 2022.

Mexico recorded some 590 millimeters of precipitation in 2023. This represented a decrease of over 20 percent in comparison to the previous year and the lowest figure reported since the turn of the century. Meanwhile, the Latin American country registered its wettest year in 2010, with over 962 millimiters of rainfall.