This project provides a comprehensive dataset of total fertility rates (TFR) and age-specific fertility rates (ASFR) for Mexico, covering the period from 1950 to 2070. The data is broken down by year, state, and age group, and includes key metrics such as total births and the total female population for each age group.In addition to the dataset, the project includes:A Python script designed to generate visualizations, such as the attached dumbbell chart, which compares TFR across time for individual states.A requirements.txt file specifying the necessary Python libraries for running the script.Both the population and birth data were sourced from the National Population Council of Mexico (CONAPO). The population data can be found here, and the birth data here.The attached dumbbell chart demonstrates TFR changes from 1970 to 2024, offering a clear visualization of fertility trends over time at the state level.This dataset and accompanying tools are valuable resources for demographic research, public policy analysis, and social studies focused on fertility trends and population dynamics in Mexico.

This study contains selected demographic, social, economic, public policy, and political comparative data for Switzerland, Canada, France, and Mexico for the decades of 1900-1960. Each dataset presents comparable data at the province or district level for each decade in the period. Various derived measures, such as percentages, ratios, and indices, constitute the bulk of these datasets. Data for Switzerland contain information for all cantons for each decennial year from 1900 to 1960. Variables describe population characteristics, such as the age of men and women, county and commune of origin, ratio of foreigners to Swiss, percentage of the population from other countries such as Germany, Austria and Lichtenstein, Italy, and France, the percentage of the population that were Protestants, Catholics, and Jews, births, deaths, infant mortality rates, persons per household, population density, the percentage of urban and agricultural population, marital status, marriages, divorces, professions, factory workers, and primary, secondary, and university students. Economic variables provide information on the number of corporations, factory workers, economic status, cultivated land, taxation and tax revenues, canton revenues and expenditures, federal subsidies, bankruptcies, bank account deposits, and taxable assets. Additional variables provide political information, such as national referenda returns, party votes cast in National Council elections, and seats in the cantonal legislature held by political groups such as the Peasants, Socialists, Democrats, Catholics, Radicals, and others. Data for Canada provide information for all provinces for the decades 1900-1960 on population characteristics, such as national origin, the net internal migration per 1,000 of native population, population density per square mile, the percentage of owner-occupied dwellings, the percentage of urban population, the percentage of change in population from preceding censuses, the percentage of illiterate population aged 5 years and older, and the median years of schooling. Economic variables provide information on per capita personal income, total provincial revenue and expenditure per capita, the percentage of the labor force employed in manufacturing and in agriculture, the average number of employees per manufacturing establishment, assessed value of real property per capita, the average number of acres per farm, highway and rural road mileage, transportation and communication, the number of telephones per 100 population, and the number of motor vehicles registered per 1,000 population. Additional variables on elections and votes are supplied as well. Data for France provide information for all departements for all legislative elections since 1936, the two presidential elections of 1965 and 1969, and several referenda held in the period since 1958. Social and economic data are provided for the years 1946, 1954, and 1962, while various policy data are presented for the period 1959-1962. Variables provide information on population characteristics, such as the percentages of population by age group, foreign-born, bachelors aged 20 to 59, divorced men aged 25 and older, elementary school students in private schools, elementary school students per million population from 1966 to 1967, the number of persons in household in 1962, infant mortality rates per million births, and the number of priests per 10,000 population in 1946. Economic variables focus on the Gross National Product (GNP), the revenue per capita per household, personal income per capita, income tax, the percentage of active population in industry, construction and public works, transportation, hotels, public administration, and other jobs, the percentage of skilled and unskilled industrial workers, the number of doctors per 10,000 population, the number of agricultural cooperatives in 1946, the average hectares per farm, the percentage of farms cultivated by the owner, tenants, and sharecroppers, the number of workhorses, cows, and oxen per 100 hectares of farmland in 1946, and the percentages of automobiles per 1,000 population, radios per 100 homes, and cinema seats per 1,000 population. Data are also provided on the percentage of Communists (PCF), Socialists, Radical Socialists, Conservatives, Gaullists, Moderates, Poujadists, Independents, Turnouts, and other political groups and p

Abstract

Different countries have different health outcomes that are in part due to the way respective health systems perform. Regardless of the type of health system, individuals will have health and non-health expectations in terms of how the institution responds to their needs. In many countries, however, health systems do not perform effectively and this is in part due to lack of information on health system performance, and on the different service providers.

The aim of the WHO World Health Survey is to provide empirical data to the national health information systems so that there is a better monitoring of health of the people, responsiveness of health systems and measurement of health-related parameters.

The overall aims of the survey is to examine the way populations report their health, understand how people value health states, measure the performance of health systems in relation to responsiveness and gather information on modes and extents of payment for health encounters through a nationally representative population based community survey. In addition, it addresses various areas such as health care expenditures, adult mortality, birth history, various risk factors, assessment of main chronic health conditions and the coverage of health interventions, in specific additional modules.

The objectives of the survey programme are to: 1. develop a means of providing valid, reliable and comparable information, at low cost, to supplement the information provided by routine health information systems. 2. build the evidence base necessary for policy-makers to monitor if health systems are achieving the desired goals, and to assess if additional investment in health is achieving the desired outcomes. 3. provide policy-makers with the evidence they need to adjust their policies, strategies and programmes as necessary.

Geographic coverage

The survey sampling frame must cover 100% of the country's eligible population, meaning that the entire national territory must be included. This does not mean that every province or territory need be represented in the survey sample but, rather, that all must have a chance (known probability) of being included in the survey sample.

There may be exceptional circumstances that preclude 100% national coverage. Certain areas in certain countries may be impossible to include due to reasons such as accessibility or conflict. All such exceptions must be discussed with WHO sampling experts. If any region must be excluded, it must constitute a coherent area, such as a particular province or region. For example if ¾ of region D in country X is not accessible due to war, the entire region D will be excluded from analysis.

Analysis unit

Households and individuals

Universe

The WHS will include all male and female adults (18 years of age and older) who are not out of the country during the survey period. It should be noted that this includes the population who may be institutionalized for health reasons at the time of the survey: all persons who would have fit the definition of household member at the time of their institutionalisation are included in the eligible population.

If the randomly selected individual is institutionalized short-term (e.g. a 3-day stay at a hospital) the interviewer must return to the household when the individual will have come back to interview him/her. If the randomly selected individual is institutionalized long term (e.g. has been in a nursing home the last 8 years), the interviewer must travel to that institution to interview him/her.

The target population includes any adult, male or female age 18 or over living in private households. Populations in group quarters, on military reservations, or in other non-household living arrangements will not be eligible for the study. People who are in an institution due to a health condition (such as a hospital, hospice, nursing home, home for the aged, etc.) at the time of the visit to the household are interviewed either in the institution or upon their return to their household if this is within a period of two weeks from the first visit to the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

SAMPLING GUIDELINES FOR WHS

Surveys in the WHS program must employ a probability sampling design. This means that every single individual in the sampling frame has a known and non-zero chance of being selected into the survey sample. While a Single Stage Random Sample is ideal if feasible, it is recognized that most sites will carry out Multi-stage Cluster Sampling.

The WHS sampling frame should cover 100% of the eligible population in the surveyed country. This means that every eligible person in the country has a chance of being included in the survey sample. It also means that particular ethnic groups or geographical areas may not be excluded from the sampling frame.

The sample size of the WHS in each country is 5000 persons (exceptions considered on a by-country basis). An adequate number of persons must be drawn from the sampling frame to account for an estimated amount of non-response (refusal to participate, empty houses etc.). The highest estimate of potential non-response and empty households should be used to ensure that the desired sample size is reached at the end of the survey period. This is very important because if, at the end of data collection, the required sample size of 5000 has not been reached additional persons must be selected randomly into the survey sample from the sampling frame. This is both costly and technically complicated (if this situation is to occur, consult WHO sampling experts for assistance), and best avoided by proper planning before data collection begins.

All steps of sampling, including justification for stratification, cluster sizes, probabilities of selection, weights at each stage of selection, and the computer program used for randomization must be communicated to WHO

STRATIFICATION

Stratification is the process by which the population is divided into subgroups. Sampling will then be conducted separately in each subgroup. Strata or subgroups are chosen because evidence is available that they are related to the outcome (e.g. health, responsiveness, mortality, coverage etc.). The strata chosen will vary by country and reflect local conditions. Some examples of factors that can be stratified on are geography (e.g. North, Central, South), level of urbanization (e.g. urban, rural), socio-economic zones, provinces (especially if health administration is primarily under the jurisdiction of provincial authorities), or presence of health facility in area. Strata to be used must be identified by each country and the reasons for selection explicitly justified.

Stratification is strongly recommended at the first stage of sampling. Once the strata have been chosen and justified, all stages of selection will be conducted separately in each stratum. We recommend stratifying on 3-5 factors. It is optimum to have half as many strata (note the difference between stratifying variables, which may be such variables as gender, socio-economic status, province/region etc. and strata, which are the combination of variable categories, for example Male, High socio-economic status, Xingtao Province would be a stratum).

Strata should be as homogenous as possible within and as heterogeneous as possible between. This means that strata should be formulated in such a way that individuals belonging to a stratum should be as similar to each other with respect to key variables as possible and as different as possible from individuals belonging to a different stratum. This maximises the efficiency of stratification in reducing sampling variance.

MULTI-STAGE CLUSTER SELECTION

A cluster is a naturally occurring unit or grouping within the population (e.g. enumeration areas, cities, universities, provinces, hospitals etc.); it is a unit for which the administrative level has clear, nonoverlapping boundaries. Cluster sampling is useful because it avoids having to compile exhaustive lists of every single person in the population. Clusters should be as heterogeneous as possible within and as homogenous as possible between (note that this is the opposite criterion as that for strata). Clusters should be as small as possible (i.e. large administrative units such as Provinces or States are not good clusters) but not so small as to be homogenous.

In cluster sampling, a number of clusters are randomly selected from a list of clusters. Then, either all members of the chosen cluster or a random selection from among them are included in the sample. Multistage sampling is an extension of cluster sampling where a hierarchy of clusters are chosen going from larger to smaller.

In order to carry out multi-stage sampling, one needs to know only the population sizes of the sampling units. For the smallest sampling unit above the elementary unit however, a complete list of all elementary units (households) is needed; in order to be able to randomly select among all households in the TSU, a list of all those households is required. This information may be available from the most recent population census. If the last census was >3 years ago or the information furnished by it was of poor quality or unreliable, the survey staff will have the task of enumerating all households in the smallest randomly selected sampling unit. It is very important to budget for this step if it is necessary and ensure that all households are properly enumerated in order that a representative sample is obtained.

It is always best to have as many clusters in the PSU as possible. The reason for this is that the fewer the number of respondents in each PSU, the lower will be the clustering effect which

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic is first and foremost a health shock, but the secondary economic shock is equally formidable. Access to timely, policy-relevant information on the awareness of, responses to and impacts of the health situation and related restrictions are critical to effectively design, target and evaluate programme and policy interventions. This research project investigates the main socioeconomic impacts of the pandemic on UNHCR people of concern (PoC) – and nationals where possible – in terms of access to information, services and livelihoods opportunities. Three geographic regions were taken into consideration: Southern Mexico, Mexico City and the Northern and Central Industrial Corridor. Two rounds of data collection took place for this survey, with the purpose of following up with the respondents.

Geographic coverage

Southern Mexico, Mexico City, Northern and Central Mexico

Analysis unit

Household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The ProGres database served as the sampling frame due to the unavailability of other reliable sources. Likewise, the sample was stratified by location and population groups based on country of origin helping to account for the different economic realities from one part of the country to another, as well as differences between nationalities. Following discussion with the UNHCR country team and regional bureau, three geographic regions were presented for consideration : a) Southern Mexico; b) Mexico City; and c) the Northern and Central Industrial Corridor. Additionally, partners expressed interest in the Venezuelan community as a separate group, primarily residing in Mexico City, Monterrey and Cancun. The population of the four groups represents 67% of the active registered refugees in Mexico. Out of the 35,140 refugee households in the four regions, 26,688 families have at least one phone number representing an overall high rate of phone penetration. Across regions of interest, Hondurans make up the single largest group of PoC in Southern Mexico (38%), and the Northern and Central Industrial Corridor (43%), whereas Venezuelans make up over half of the PoC population in Mexico City (52%). Based on the above, a sampling strategy based on four separate strata was proposed in order to adequately represent the regions and sub-groups of interest: 1. Southern Mexico – Honduran and El Salvadoran PoC population 2. Mexico City – Honduran, El Salvadoran and Cuban PoC population 3. Northern and Central Industrial Corridor – Hondurans and El Salvadoran PoC population 4. Venezuelan Population – Mexico City, Monterey (Nuevo Leon) and Cancun (Quintana Roo) A comparable sub-sample of the national population in the same locations PoC were sampled was also generated using random digit dialing (RDD). This was made possible through the inclusion of location-based area codes in the list of phone numbers, however selected participants were also asked about their current location as a first filter to proceed with the phone survey to ensure a comparable national sub-sample.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument

Questionnaire contained the following sections: consent, knowledge, behaviour, access, employment, income, food security, concerns, resilience, networks, demographics

Mexico-WHO Health Indicators

Demographic, Disease, and Treatment Coverage Data

By Humanitarian Data Exchange [source]

About this dataset

This Kaggle dataset contains a wide array of health and socioeconomic indicators relating to Mexico. It covers topics ranging from mortality and global health estimates, to Sustainable Development Goals, Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Health Systems, Malaria and Tuberculosis, Child Health, Infectious Diseases, World Health Statistics, Health Financing and Public Heath & Environment. Furthermore, it includes indicators for Substance Use & Mental Health; Tobacco use; Injuries & Violence; HIV/AIDS & Other STIs; Nutrition; Urban Health; Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs); Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs); Infrastructure; Essential Technologies in healthcare systems; Demographic & Socioeconomic Statistics. Finally it features indicators surrounding International Regulations Monitoring Frameworks as well as Insecticides Resistance amongst other topics.

This dataset is bursting with information on how Mexico stands in a variety of different aspects across its development spectrum- enabling researchers to gain deeper insight into the country's ecosystem as well as providing them with the data required to pinpoint potential ‘hotspots’- Areas which may require heightened attention either from policy makers or individuals looking for smarter ways through which their efforts might benefit their target population most efficiently. Don’t miss your chance at unlocking the power of this comprehensive dataset so you can make sure that no stone is left unturned when it comes to realising tangible outcomes from your research!

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How to use the dataset

The dataset is organized into several key categories and each category contains a number of different indicators related to that particular area of healthcare. In order to better understand any given indicator in more detail, each one also has an associated metadata page with additional information about its definition and calculation method.

In order to make use of the data in this dataset there are several steps you will need to take: - Decide what aspect or area of healthcare you would like to explore further in more detail; - Review/understand any associated metadata provided regarding its definition or calculation method;
- Download any necessary files containing relevant numbers or figures;
- Analyze or explore this data further;
6 Use your findings to inform decisions about policy interventions for improving general public health outcomes in Mexico!

Research Ideas

• Analyzing Mexico's progress towards achieving the desired health indicators for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• Examining how access to healthcare and mental health services vary by region, as well as disparities in treatment within regions.
• Developing machine learning models to predict outcome based on different factors such as environment and socioeconomic status

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. Data Source

License

See the dataset description for more information.

Columns

File: infrastructure-indicators-for-mexico-11.csv | Column name | Description | |:---------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------| | GHO (CODE) | The Global Health Observatory code for the indicator. (String) | | GHO (DISPLAY) | The name of the indicator. (String) | | GHO (URL) | The URL for the indicator. (URL) | | PUBLISHSTATE (CODE) | The code for the publication state of the indicator. (String) | | PUBLISHSTATE (DISPLAY) | The name of the publication state of the indicator. (String) | | PUBLISHSTATE (URL) | The URL for the publication state of the indicator. (URL) | | YEAR (CODE) | The code for the year of the indicator. (String) | | YEAR (DISPLAY) | The name of the year of the indicator. (String) | | YEAR (URL) | The URL for the year of the indicator. (URL) | | REGION (CODE) | The code for the region of the indicator. (String) | | REGION (DISPLAY) | The name of the region of the indicator. (String) | | REGION (URL) |...

Descriptive statistics for Mexican children between 2–17 years of age and by BMI category.

Abstract

The World Values Survey (www.worldvaluessurvey.org) is a global network of social scientists studying changing values and their impact on social and political life, led by an international team of scholars, with the WVS association and secretariat headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. The survey, which started in 1981, seeks to use the most rigorous, high-quality research designs in each country. The WVS consists of nationally representative surveys conducted in almost 100 countries which contain almost 90 percent of the world’s population, using a common questionnaire. The WVS is the largest non-commercial, cross-national, time series investigation of human beliefs and values ever executed, currently including interviews with almost 400,000 respondents. Moreover the WVS is the only academic study covering the full range of global variations, from very poor to very rich countries, in all of the world’s major cultural zones. The WVS seeks to help scientists and policy makers understand changes in the beliefs, values and motivations of people throughout the world. Thousands of political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists and economists have used these data to analyze such topics as economic development, democratization, religion, gender equality, social capital, and subjective well-being. These data have also been widely used by government officials, journalists and students, and groups at the World Bank have analyzed the linkages between cultural factors and economic development.

Geographic coverage

The survey covers Mexico.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual

Universe

The WVS for Mexico covers national population aged 18 years and over for both sexes.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The Mexico 2005 survey used a multi-stage sampling procedure. Interviewers selected an adult using a random selection method. However, we also employed control quotas according to sex and age this practice was more common in rural areas, where the male population is more difficult to find at home during interviewing hours. Interviewers made sure that respondents were at least 18 years old, that they lived in the selected household. Interviews were all conducted in-home.

Remarks about sampling: The first stage was the selection of polling points based on the list of electoral sections defined by the Federal Elections Institute. The sections were previously stratified as urban (70 percent), and rural and mixed (30 percent). Each section is relatively homogeneous in size, with about 1,092 registered voters in 63,810 sections that cover all the countrys adult population. Respondents included, of course, also adults nonregistered as voters. We selected 130 electoral sections in a systematically random fashion in each stratum, based on the list arranged proportionally to size of population. In the second stage we selected the household with a systematic random selection, based on a standard strategy of walking around the housing districts selected in the sample. In the third stage, interviewers selected an adult respondent in each household. We used control quotas based on sex and age in districts where random selection of interviewers was disproportionately leaning towards a specific group. Each polling point represents 12 interviews, and quota control established that 6 were male respondents and 6 women respondents, to ensure an appropriate distribution, especially in areas where some specific group is difficult to reach during the hours of interviewing (i.e. rural towns and communities). The Mexican countryside presents problems, for example, to reach male populations during the day in their households. In terms of age, the following quotas were employed where needed: 4 out of 12 were 18 to 29 years old; 5 out of 12 were 30 to 49 years old, and 3 out of 12 were 50 years old or older. We substituted four of the originally selected addresses; three in rural areas and one in an urban area. In the rural cases, the interviewers were not able to get to them because of the absence of roads and transportation. In the urban case, the polling point was substituted because the neighborhood represented serious safety problems at the time of the survey. All the polling points were substituted with addresses with the same socioeconomic level, in the same region, state and electoral district. Substitution of households and respondents were also employed, in the cases where either one of them was registered as a no contact or a refusal and remained under those categories after call backs or returns. Interviewers kept record of non response items (no contact, refusals, suspension) at every time.

The sample size for Mexico is N=1560 and includes the national population aged 18 years and over for both sexes.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

English and Spanish Questionnaires. The Mexico 2005 questionnaire includes these additional questions:

• Main television news broadcast R watches: v229a (placed between v229 Rs information sources and v230 how often R uses a personal computer).
• Voting intentions for President: v233b to v233c (placed between v233 party R would never vote for and v234 party R voted for federal deputy in 2003). In this question, interviewers used a secret-ballot method with the names of the candidates and the party logos.
• Party identification: v233a (placed between v222 party R would never vote for and v223 party R voted for federal deputy in 2003)
• Items on Mexicos economic relationships: v234a to v234d (placed between v234 party R voted for federal deputy in 2003 and v235 gender.
• Items on the relationship between Mexico and United States: v234a to v234d (placed between v234 party R voted for federal deputy in 2003 and v235 gender) -Items on underground economy: v247a to v247c (placed between v247 Does R supervise people in his job and v248 Is R the chief wage earner) v248 Is R the chief wage earner)

Response rate

Total number of starting names/addresses (electoral sections) 130 No contact at selected address (households) 1759 No contact with selected person 1084 Refusal at selected address 667 Personal refusal by selected respondent 824 Full productive interview 1560 Break Off 52 No elegible respondent 357 Quota filled 999

Remarks about non-response: Electoral sections are a reliable sampling unit in Mexico. Between 95 and 97 percent of all adult population is reachable using the electoral sections as sampling frame. The sample distribution in Mexico does not appear to have any known limitations. Non response rate is 70%, including no contacts and refusals.

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the reform of Mexican health system, from the implementation of Popular Health Insurance, highlighting its operation, positive and negative aspects. An integrative review of the literature was conducted using Lilacs and SciELO Regional databases from January 2011 to December 2018. Publications included addressed three main themes: history of Mexican health system, its functioning and positive and negative points of the Popular Health Insurance. The literature points out that Popular Health Insurance emerged after a process of neoliberal reforms in the Mexican health system, consonant with the Universal Health Coverage proposal, which aims to reduce impoverishment by health spending in the population without social security. Popular Health Insurance offers a smaller variety of diagnoses and treatments than social security, less number of consultations, urgent care and medications. Its greatest impact was on indigenous and rural populations, but 20% of the general population remains uncovered and care is unequal still. Popular Health Insurance analysis allows us to infer possible impacts that the affordable health plans would have on the Brazilian scenario, resulting in access to a smaller set of procedures for the population currently covered by the public health system in place (SUS).

This package replicates the main paper's figures and the entire Online Appendix for "Strangers in the Homeland? The Academic Performance of U.S.-Born Children of Return Migrants in Mexico," published in Population Research and Policy Review. See the readme file for instructions on where to download data and how to replicate the analyses.

Merida Population According To 2020 Census
This dataset falls under the category Planning & Policy Planning.
It contains the following data: Population pyramid of the Municipality of Media according to the 2020 Census
This dataset was scouted on 2022-09-30 as part of a data sourcing project conducted by TUMI. License information might be outdated: Check original source for current licensing. The data can be accessed using the following URL / API Endpoint: https://datamexico.org/es/profile/geo/merida#:~:text=La%20poblaci%C3%B3n%20total%20de%20M%C3%A9rida,25%25%20de%20la%20poblaci%C3%B3n%20total. URL for data access and license information. Please note: This link leads to an external resource. If you experience any issues with its availability, please try again later.

Longitudinal association of expenditure on ultra-processed foods and beverages and anthropometric indicators, MxFLSa, Mexico.

Abstract (en): The 2004 Mexico Global Views Survey is the first ever comprehensive study of Mexican public and leadership opinion on international affairs. The study is designed to measure general attitudes and values concerning Mexico's relationship with the world rather than opinions on specific foreign policies or issues. This year's survey was conducted in cooperation with the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations' (CCFR) study GLOBAL VIEWS 2004: AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND FOREIGN POLICY (ICPSR 4137). Approximately one-third of the questions on the Mexican and American surveys were asked of the general public in both countries. The thematic emphases of the surveys are the rules and norms of foreign policy interaction between nations and within international organizations and the bilateral relationship between Mexico and the United States. The Mexico survey also emphasizes Mexico's foreign policy decision-making processes as well as its relations with other countries and regions. Part 1 contains data pertaining to a survey conducted to interview members of Consejo Mexicano de Asuntos Internacionales, A.C. (The Mexican Council on Foreign Relations - COMEXI). Part 2 is a survey of the general public. In particular, this study covers (1) Mexicans, Mexican identity, and the world, (2) Mexico's role in the world, (3) global governance, the use of force, and international institutions, (4) foreign relations, and (5) relations with the United States. Regarding Mexicans, Mexican identity, and the world, respondents were asked the importance they placed on various government activities, their interest in the news, their contact with the world, their sense of self-identity, and whether Mexico should have its own foreign policy or follow the United States' lead. On the topic of Mexico's role in the world, respondents were asked their views on the direction of the world, critical threats to Mexico's vital interests, and Mexico's role against terrorism and in world affairs. Concerning global governance, the use of force, and international institutions, respondents rated several international organizations, and commented on the impact of globalization, and foreign investment. On the subject of foreign relations, respondents provided their views on why it was important for Mexico to diversify its relations with the countries of Europe, Latin America, and Asia, the importance of other regions in the world, how to handle disputes in Latin American countries, and their feelings on several individual countries. Regarding relations with the United States, respondents were asked how they felt toward the United States, how much cooperation they favored between the United States and Mexico, who was more responsible for handling common United States-Mexico problems, and their feeling on the North American Free Trade Agreement. A set of influential policy leaders was asked their attitudes in order to assess whether the attitudes of the leaders aligned with those of the general public. Background information on respondents includes gender, age, education, employment status, income, religion, and political party affiliation. Response Rates: No information was provided regarding response rates for Part 1. The overall response rate for Part 2 was 60 percent. Part 1: Members of Consejo Mexicano de Asuntos Internacionales, A.C. (The Mexican Council on Foreign Relations - COMEXI). Part 2: Adult population of Mexico aged 18 and older. For Part 1, of the 230 total members of COMEXI, all 176 who were Mexican and living in Mexico were contacted by telephone. Eighty-two of those contacted completed the survey. While the leadership survey should not be considered representative of Mexico's political, business, and cultural leadership, it does reliably capture a significant sector of these leaders with an interest in and influence on Mexico's foreign policy. They include administration officials belonging to different ministries as well as other agencies dealing with foreign policy, members of Congress (senators and deputies) or their staff, state government officials or staff and administrators, active members of Mexico's political parties, business and financial executives, university faculty and researchers, leaders of organizations active in foreign affairs, top executives of consulting firms, journalists from Mexico's major newspapers as well as writers and staff of major magazines and foreign policy publications, and leaders of trade associations...

Predicted cumulative deaths averted and years lived without obesity gained from 2021 to 2040 for doubling the SSB and NEDF tax in the years 2025, 2030, and 2,035 in Mexican adults aged 20 and over in 2021.

Abstract

Financial inclusion is critical in reducing poverty and achieving inclusive economic growth. When people can participate in the financial system, they are better able to start and expand businesses, invest in their children’s education, and absorb financial shocks. Yet prior to 2011, little was known about the extent of financial inclusion and the degree to which such groups as the poor, women, and rural residents were excluded from formal financial systems.

By collecting detailed indicators about how adults around the world manage their day-to-day finances, the Global Findex allows policy makers, researchers, businesses, and development practitioners to track how the use of financial services has changed over time. The database can also be used to identify gaps in access to the formal financial system and design policies to expand financial inclusion.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Individuals

Universe

The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 15 years and above.

Kind of data

Observation data/ratings [obs]

Sampling procedure

The indicators in the 2017 Global Findex database are drawn from survey data covering almost 150,000 people in 144 economies-representing more than 97 percent of the world's population (see Table A.1 of the Global Findex Database 2017 Report for a list of the economies included). The survey was carried out over the 2017 calendar year by Gallup, Inc., as part of its Gallup World Poll, which since 2005 has annually conducted surveys of approximately 1,000 people in each of more than 160 economies and in over 150 languages, using randomly selected, nationally representative samples. The target population is the entire civilian, noninstitutionalized population age 15 and above. Interview procedure Surveys are conducted face to face in economies where telephone coverage represents less than 80 percent of the population or where this is the customary methodology. In most economies the fieldwork is completed in two to four weeks.

In economies where face-to-face surveys are conducted, the first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units. These units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. To increase the probability of contact and completion, attempts are made at different times of the day and, where possible, on different days. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used.

Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households. Each eligible household member is listed and the handheld survey device randomly selects the household member to be interviewed. For paper surveys, the Kish grid method is used to select the respondent. In economies where cultural restrictions dictate gender matching, respondents are randomly selected from among all eligible adults of the interviewer's gender.

In economies where telephone interviewing is employed, random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers is used. In most economies where cell phone penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used. Random selection of respondents is achieved by using either the latest birthday or household enumeration method. At least three attempts are made to reach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of day.

The sample size was 1000.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was designed by the World Bank, in conjunction with a Technical Advisory Board composed of leading academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the field of financial inclusion. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gallup Inc. also provided valuable input. The questionnaire was piloted in multiple countries, using focus groups, cognitive interviews, and field testing. The questionnaire is available in more than 140 languages upon request.

Questions on cash on delivery, saving using an informal savings club or person outside the family, domestic remittances, and agricultural payments are only asked in developing economies and few other selected countries. The question on mobile money accounts was only asked in economies that were part of the Mobile Money for the Unbanked (MMU) database of the GSMA at the time the interviews were being held.

Sampling error estimates

Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country-specific margins of error, please refer to the Methodology section and corresponding table in Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Saniya Ansar, and Jake Hess. 2018. The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution. Washington, DC: World Bank

Recovering and maintaining large carnivore populations is a global conservation challenge that requires better knowledge of the factors affecting their populations, particularly in shared landscapes (i.e., non-protected areas where people occupy and or utilize the land). The Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) is an endangered wolf subspecies being recovered on shared landscapes in the Southwest United States and Mexico. We used data from the U.S. program to model population growth, evaluate the impact of management removal and illegal killing relative to other demographic factors, and test hypotheses about factors influencing rates of management removal and illegal killing. From 1998–2019, the population growth averaged 12% per year. Rates of natural reproduction, illegal killing, and other mortality remained consistent over the 22 years; while releases, translocations, and management removals varied markedly between two time periods, phase 1: 1998–2007 and phase 2: 2008–2019. The number of wolves removed for conflict management was higher during phase 1 (average ~13 per year, rate = 24.8%) than phase 2 (average of ~5 per year, rate = 5.2%). This decrease in management removal resulted in the wolf population resuming growth after a period of population stagnation. Two factors influenced this decrease, a change in policy regarding removal of wolves (stronger modeling support) and a decrease in the number of captive-reared adult wolves released into the wild (weaker modeling support). Illegal mortality was relatively constant across both phases, but after the decrease in management removal, illegal mortality became the most important factor (relative importance shifted from 28.2% to 50.1%). Illegal mortality was positively correlated with rates of reintroduction and translocation of wolves and negatively correlated with the rate of management removal.

Synthesis and applications. Using management removal to reduce human-carnivore conflict can have negative population impacts if not used judiciously. Recovering and maintaining carnivore populations in shared landscapes may require greater tolerance of conflict and more emphasis on effective conflict prevention strategies and compensation programs for affected stakeholders.

Methods Within the United States, Mexican wolves are being recovered in south-central Arizona and New Mexico; specifics of the area can be found in (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2017). Mexican wolves have been monitored intensively since the beginning of the reintroduction effort in 1998. To aid monitoring, a high percentage of wolves are radio-collared each year (range 38% to 100%, weighted average based on end-of-year population count and collars was 52%). Utilizing radio collars and other methods the Interagency Field Team (i.e., employees from Arizona Game and Fish Department, New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, USDA APHIS-Wildlife Services, US Forest Services, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and White Mountain Apache Tribe) then conducts annual population counts and pup counts and monitors continually for mortality events. Initially (1998–2004), the Interagency Field Team determined population estimates and pup counts via howling surveys (Harrington and Mech 1982, Fuller and Sampson 1988), tracks, and visual observations during aerial (fixed wing) and ground radio-telemetry efforts (White and Garrott 1990). Ground observations were collected opportunistically through the least intrusive methods possible and the Interagency Field Team avoided any disturbance of den areas. In later years (2005–2019), they incorporated helicopter counts in January to verify and collect additional information from ground counts and incorporated the increased use of remote cameras, observations at den sites, and trapping for younger pups (2009–2019). Currently, the Interagency Field Team utilizes data collected from Nov 1 through mid-February to develop an end-of-the-year observed minimum population count. The only processing of the data that we have done was to combine different sources of non-management and non-illegal killing into “other mortality”. We combined natural mortality, mortality from vehicles, and other legal mortality into other mortality for our analysis.

Source: Mexican National Nutrition Survey 2012.Note: Estimates take into account the effect of survey design.*p value calculation excludes non-applicable categories.

The Mexican power industry, currently valued at approximately $XX million (estimated based on available CAGR and market trends), is poised for significant growth, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 3.40%. This expansion is driven by several key factors. Firstly, increasing industrialization and urbanization within Mexico are fueling robust electricity demand, necessitating substantial investments in power generation and transmission infrastructure. Secondly, a strong government push towards renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, is creating opportunities for new projects and attracting significant foreign investment. This transition is further spurred by a growing awareness of climate change and the need for sustainable energy solutions. However, challenges remain. The aging power infrastructure requires substantial modernization and upgrades, posing both financial and logistical hurdles. Furthermore, regulatory uncertainties and potential grid instability could act as restraints on the sector's growth. The industry is segmented into power generation (thermal, hydro, renewables, and other) and power transmission and distribution (T&D), with key players including Enel SpA, Comision Federal de Electricidad, Iberdrola SA, and Acciona SA, among others. The forecast period (2025-2033) suggests a consistent upward trajectory for the market, fueled by ongoing investments and policy support for renewable energy initiatives. The competitive landscape involves both established international players and domestic companies, leading to increased competition and innovation. The regional focus, specifically on Mexico, indicates a concentration of growth within the country's borders. The study period (2019-2033), with a base year of 2025 and an estimated year of 2025, provides a comprehensive overview of the industry's historical performance and future projections. The continued integration of renewable energy sources within the Mexican power mix is anticipated to be a primary driver of growth, fostering sustainable development and economic prosperity. However, careful planning and investment in grid modernization will be critical to accommodate this renewable energy expansion and ensuring reliable electricity supply for the growing population and industry. Recent developments include: Apr 2023: The Mexican government agreed to buy 13 power plants from the Spanish energy company Iberdrola. The deal is worth USD 6 billion. The government also plans to give state-owned power company Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) majority control over the electricity market., Nov 2022: The United States and Mexico, both country's bilateral agreement on nuclear energy, entered into force to enhance cooperation on energy security. The agreement enables the peaceful transfer of nuclear material, equipment, and information from the United States in adherence with nonproliferation requirements.. Key drivers for this market are: 4., High Power Demand due to the Growing Population4.; Upcoming Power Generation Projects. Potential restraints include: 4., High Power Demand due to the Growing Population4.; Upcoming Power Generation Projects. Notable trends are: Thermal Power Generation Expected to Dominate the Market.

Abstract

Well-functioning financial systems serve a vital purpose, offering savings, credit, payment, and risk management products to people with a wide range of needs. Yet until now little had been known about the global reach of the financial sector - the extent of financial inclusion and the degree to which such groups as the poor, women, and youth are excluded from formal financial systems. Systematic indicators of the use of different financial services had been lacking for most economies.

The Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) database provides such indicators. This database contains the first round of Global Findex indicators, measuring how adults in more than 140 economies save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. The data set can be used to track the effects of financial inclusion policies globally and develop a deeper and more nuanced understanding of how people around the world manage their day-to-day finances. By making it possible to identify segments of the population excluded from the formal financial sector, the data can help policy makers prioritize reforms and design new policies.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage.

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 15 years and above. The sample is nationally representative.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The Global Findex indicators are drawn from survey data collected by Gallup, Inc. over the 2011 calendar year, covering more than 150,000 adults in 148 economies and representing about 97 percent of the world's population. Since 2005, Gallup has surveyed adults annually around the world, using a uniform methodology and randomly selected, nationally representative samples. The second round of Global Findex indicators was collected in 2014 and is forthcoming in 2015. The set of indicators will be collected again in 2017.

Surveys were conducted face-to-face in economies where landline telephone penetration is less than 80 percent, or where face-to-face interviewing is customary. The first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units, consisting of clusters of households. The primary sampling units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used. Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households by means of the Kish grid.

Surveys were conducted by telephone in economies where landline telephone penetration is over 80 percent. The telephone surveys were conducted using random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers. In selected countries where cell phone penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used. Random respondent selection is achieved by using either the latest birthday or Kish grid method. At least three attempts are made to teach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of year.

The sample size in Mexico was 1,000 individuals.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was designed by the World Bank, in conjunction with a Technical Advisory Board composed of leading academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the field of financial inclusion. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gallup, Inc. also provided valuable input. The questionnaire was piloted in over 20 countries using focus groups, cognitive interviews, and field testing. The questionnaire is available in 142 languages upon request.

Questions on insurance, mobile payments, and loan purposes were asked only in developing economies. The indicators on awareness and use of microfinance insitutions (MFIs) are not included in the public dataset. However, adults who report saving at an MFI are considered to have an account; this is reflected in the composite account indicator.

Sampling error estimates

Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country- and indicator-specific standard errors, refer to the Annex and Country Table in Demirguc-Kunt, Asli and L. Klapper. 2012. "Measuring Financial Inclusion: The Global Findex." Policy Research Working Paper 6025, World Bank, Washington, D.C.

CLICK ON THE ABOVE IMAGE TO LAUNCH THE MAP - Healthcare access issues vary greatly between urban and rural areas of New Mexico. Launch the map to explore alternate ways to classify geographies as urban or rural. These classifications are often used for food access as well as healthcare access.BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH LINKS:US Census Bureau, Urban Area - Urban Cluster FAQ - https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/ua/2010ua_faqs.pdfAre the problems with Rural areas actually just a result of definitions that change?: "When a rural county grows, it transmutes into an urban one." - The real (surprisingly comforting) reason rural America is doomed to decline, https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/05/24/real-surprisingly-comforting-reason-rural-america-is-doomed-decline/ (See also the complete study - http://programme.exordo.com/2018annualmeeting/delegates/presentation/130/ )Rural Definitions for Health Policy, Harvey Licht, a presentation for the University of New Mexico Center for Health Policy: : http://nmcdc.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=7076f283b8de4bb69bf3153bc42e0402Rural Definitions for Health Policy, update of 2019, Harvey Licht, a presentation to the NMDOH Quarterly Epidemiology Meeting, November, 2019 - http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=a60a73f4e5614eb3ab01e2f96227ce4bNew Mexico Rural-Urban Counties Comparison Tables - October 2017, Harvey Licht, A preliminary compilation for the National Conference of State Legislators Rural Health Plan Taskforce : https://nmcdc.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=d3ca56e99f8b45c58522b2f9e061999eNew Mexico Rural Health Plan - Report of the Rural Health Planning Workgroup convened by the NM Department of Health 2018-2019 - http://nmcdc.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=d4b9b66a5ca34ec9bbe90efd9562586aFrontier and Remote Areas Zip Code Map - http://nmcdc.maps.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=56b4005256244499a58f863c17bbac8aHOUSING ISSUES, RURAL & URBAN, 2017 - http://nmcdc.maps.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=3e3aeabc04ac4672994e25a1ec94df83FURTHER READING:What is Rural? Rural Health Information Hub: https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/what-is-ruralDefining Rural. Research and Training Center on Disability in Rural Communities: http://rtc.ruralinstitute.umt.edu/resources/defining-rural/What is Rural? USDA: https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/rural-economy-population/rural-classifications/what-is-rural/National Center for Health Statistics Urban–Rural Classification Scheme: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/urban_rural.htm.Health-Related Behaviors by Urban-Rural County Classification — United States, 2013, CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6605a1.htm?s_cid=ss6605a1_wExtending Work on Rural Health Disparities, The Journal of Rural Health: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jrh.12241/fullMinority Populations Driving Community Growth in the Rural West, Headwaters Economics: https://headwaterseconomics.org/economic-development/trends-performance/minority-populations-driving-county-growth/ Methodology - https://headwaterseconomics.org/wp-content/uploads/Minorities_Methods.pdfThe Role of Medicaid in Rural America, Kaiser Family Foundation: http://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/the-role-of-medicaid-in-rural-america/The Future of the Frontier: Water, Energy & Climate Change in America’s Most Remote Communities: http://frontierus.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/FUTURE-OF-THE-FRONTIER_Final-Version_Spring-2017.pdfRural and Urban Differences in Passenger-Vehicle–Occupant Deaths and Seat Belt Use Among Adults — United States, 2014, CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6617a1.htm

Background: Plasma lipid levels are a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Although international efforts have identified a group of loci associated with the risk of dyslipidemia, Latin American populations have been underrepresented in these studies.Objective: To know the genetic variation occurring in lipid-related loci in the Mexican population and its association with dyslipidemia.Methods: We searched for single-nucleotide variants in 177 lipid candidate genes using previously published exome sequencing data from 2838 Mexican individuals belonging to three different cohorts. With the extracted variants, we performed a case-control study. Logistic regression and quantitative trait analyses were implemented in PLINK software. We used an LD pruning using a 50-kb sliding window size, a 5-kb window step size and a r2 threshold of 0.1.Results: Among the 34251 biallelic variants identified in our sample population, 33% showed low frequency. For case-control study, we selected 2521 variants based on a minor allele frequency ≥1% in all datasets. We found 19 variants in 9 genes significantly associated with at least one lipid trait, with the most significant associations found in the APOA1/C3/A4/A5-ZPR1-BUD13 gene cluster on chromosome 11. Notably, all 11 variants associated with hypertriglyceridemia were within this cluster; whereas variants associated with hypercholesterolemia were located at chromosome 2 and 19, and for low high density lipoprotein cholesterol were in chromosomes 9, 11, and 19. No significant associated variants were found for low density lipoprotein. We found several novel variants associated with different lipemic traits: rs3825041 in BUD13 with hypertriglyceridemia, rs7252453 in CILP2 with decreased risk to hypercholesterolemia and rs11076176 in CETP with increased risk to low high density lipoprotein cholesterol.Conclusions: We identified novel variants in lipid-regulation candidate genes in the Mexican population, an underrepresented population in genomic studies, demonstrating the necessity of more genomic studies on multi-ethnic populations to gain a deeper understanding of the genetic structure of the lipemic traits.