In 2023, around 3,640.56 violent crimes per 100,000 residents were reported in Oakland, California. This made Oakland the most dangerous city in the United States in that year. Four categories of violent crimes were used: murder and non-negligent manslaughter; forcible rape; robbery; and aggravated assault. Only cities with a population of at least 200,000 were considered.

The RMS Crime Incidents dataset consists of crime reports from the Detroit Police Department Records Management System (RMS). This data reflects criminal offenses reported in the City of Detroit that DPD was involved in from December 2016 to present. Note that records are included in the dataset based on when an incident is reported which could result in an occurrence date before December 2016. Incident data is typically entered into mobile devices by the officer in the field when responding to an incident. Incidents that occurred in Detroit but in a location that is under the jurisdiction of the Michigan State Police (MSP) or Wayne State University Police Department (WSUPD), such as on an expressway, Belle Isle, or around Wayne State University, are included only if the incident is handled by DPD. Such records are reviewed in a monthly audit to ensure that the incidents are counted by one and only one agency (MSP or DPD). This data is updated daily. For each crime incident, one or more offense charges are recorded, and each row in the dataset corresponds with one of these charges. An example could be a domestic assault where property was also vandalized. Offense charges that occurred at the same crime incident share a common incident number. For each offense charge record (rows)details include when and where the incident occurred, the nature of the offense, DPD precinct or detail, and the case investigation status. Locations of incidents associated with each call are reported based on the nearest intersection to protect the privacy of individuals.RMS Crime Incident data complies with Michigan Incident Crime Reporting (MICR) standards. More information about MICR standards is available via the MICR Website. The Manual and Arrest Charge Code Card may be especially helpful. There may be small differences between RMS Crime Incident data shared here and data shared through MICR given data presented here is updated here more frequently which results in a difference in a cadence of status updates. Additionally, this dataset includes crime incidents that following an investigation are coded with a case status of ‘Unfounded’. In most cases, this means that the incident occurred outside the jurisdiction of DPD or otherwise was reported in error. The State of Michigan, through the MICR program, reports data to the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS).Yearly Datasets for RMS Crime Incidents have been added to the ODP. This is to improve the user's experience in handling the large file size of the records in the comprehensive dataset. You may download each year separately, which significantly reduces the size and records for each file. In addition to the past years, we have also included a year-to-date dataset. This captures all RMS Crime Incidents from January 1, 2025, to present.Should you have questions about this dataset, you may contact the Commanding Officer of the Detroit Police Department's Crime Data Analytics at 313-596-2250 or CrimeIntelligenceBureau@detroitmi.gov.

In 2023, the District of Columbia had the highest reported violent crime rate in the United States, with 1,150.9 violent crimes per 100,000 of the population. Maine had the lowest reported violent crime rate, with 102.5 offenses per 100,000 of the population. Life in the District The District of Columbia has seen a fluctuating population over the past few decades. Its population decreased throughout the 1990s, when its crime rate was at its peak, but has been steadily recovering since then. While unemployment in the District has also been falling, it still has had a high poverty rate in recent years. The gentrification of certain areas within Washington, D.C. over the past few years has made the contrast between rich and poor even greater and is also pushing crime out into the Maryland and Virginia suburbs around the District. Law enforcement in the U.S. Crime in the U.S. is trending downwards compared to years past, despite Americans feeling that crime is a problem in their country. In addition, the number of full-time law enforcement officers in the U.S. has increased recently, who, in keeping with the lower rate of crime, have also made fewer arrests than in years past.

FBI National Incident-Based Reporting System (FBI NIBRS) crime data for Lake City Police Department (City) in Michigan, including incidents, statistics, demographics, and detailed incident information.

FBI National Incident-Based Reporting System (FBI NIBRS) crime data for Copper City Police Department (City) in Michigan, including incidents, statistics, demographics, and detailed incident information.

FBI National Incident-Based Reporting System (FBI NIBRS) crime data for Howard City Police Department (City) in Michigan, including incidents, statistics, demographics, and detailed incident information.

FBI National Incident-Based Reporting System (FBI NIBRS) crime data for Minden City Police Department (City) in Michigan, including incidents, statistics, demographics, and detailed incident information.

FBI National Incident-Based Reporting System (FBI NIBRS) crime data for Imlay City Police Department (City) in Michigan, including incidents, statistics, demographics, and detailed incident information.

FBI National Incident-Based Reporting System (FBI NIBRS) crime data for Bay City Police Department (City) in Michigan, including incidents, statistics, demographics, and detailed incident information.

This dataset supports the manuscript Lawful Handgun Licensing, Population Density, Poverty, Police Staffing, and Violent Crime: A Two-Cohort Comparison of U.S. Jurisdictions (2023–2024). It contains processed violent crime counts, rates per 100,000, population denominators, poverty statistics, and police staffing levels for two cohorts of U.S. jurisdictions. Cohort A includes counties with high levels of licensed handgun ownership (Brevard FL, Macomb MI, Genesee MI, Sumner TN, Sullivan TN, Pierce WA). Cohort B includes restrictive licensing jurisdictions (New York City, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Washington DC, Boston). The package includes: County/city-level violent crime counts for homicide, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault (2023–2024). Population denominators (2024 Census estimates). Derived violent crime rates per 100,000. Poverty measures and law enforcement officer staffing rates. Python replication script to regenerate tables and figures used in the study. Accessed data sources: FBI Crime Data Explorer, Major Cities Chiefs Association, NYPD annual tables, FDLE FIBRS, Michigan MICR, Tennessee Bureau of Investigation, Washington Association of Sheriffs and Police Chiefs, and U.S. Census QuickFacts. Data pulled on August 27, 28, and 30, 2025.

FBI National Incident-Based Reporting System (FBI NIBRS) crime data for Traverse City Police Department (City) in Michigan, including incidents, statistics, demographics, and detailed incident information.

FBI National Incident-Based Reporting System (FBI NIBRS) crime data for Cass City Police Department (City) in Michigan, including incidents, statistics, demographics, and detailed incident information.

FBI National Incident-Based Reporting System (FBI NIBRS) crime data for Tri-City Airport (Other) in Michigan, including incidents, statistics, demographics, and detailed incident information.

FBI National Incident-Based Reporting System (FBI NIBRS) crime data for Mackinaw City Police Department (City) in Michigan, including incidents, statistics, demographics, and detailed incident information.

FBI National Incident-Based Reporting System (FBI NIBRS) crime data for Coloma City Police Department (City) in Michigan, including incidents, statistics, demographics, and detailed incident information.

FBI National Incident-Based Reporting System (FBI NIBRS) crime data for Carson City Police Department (City) in Michigan, including incidents, statistics, demographics, and detailed incident information.

FBI National Incident-Based Reporting System (FBI NIBRS) crime data for Three Oaks Police Department (City) in Michigan, including incidents, statistics, demographics, and detailed incident information.

FBI National Incident-Based Reporting System (FBI NIBRS) crime data for Center Line Police Department (City) in Michigan, including incidents, statistics, demographics, and detailed incident information.

FBI National Incident-Based Reporting System (FBI NIBRS) crime data for South Range Police Department (City) in Michigan, including incidents, statistics, demographics, and detailed incident information.

FBI National Incident-Based Reporting System (FBI NIBRS) crime data for Waldron Police Department (City) in Michigan, including incidents, statistics, demographics, and detailed incident information.