100+ datasets found
  1. U

    A national dataset of rasterized building footprints for the U.S.

    • data.usgs.gov
    • catalog.data.gov
    Updated Feb 28, 2020
    + more versions
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    Mehdi Heris; Nathan Foks; Kenneth Bagstad; Austin Troy (2020). A national dataset of rasterized building footprints for the U.S. [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.5066/P9J2Y1WG
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Feb 28, 2020
    Dataset provided by
    United States Geological Surveyhttp://www.usgs.gov/
    Authors
    Mehdi Heris; Nathan Foks; Kenneth Bagstad; Austin Troy
    License

    U.S. Government Workshttps://www.usa.gov/government-works
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    2020
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The Bing Maps team at Microsoft released a U.S.-wide vector building dataset in 2018, which includes over 125 million building footprints for all 50 states in GeoJSON format. This dataset is extracted from aerial images using deep learning object classification methods. Large-extent modelling (e.g., urban morphological analysis or ecosystem assessment models) or accuracy assessment with vector layers is highly challenging in practice. Although vector layers provide accurate geometries, their use in large-extent geospatial analysis comes at a high computational cost. We used High Performance Computing (HPC) to develop an algorithm that calculates six summary values for each cell in a raster representation of each U.S. state: (1) total footprint coverage, (2) number of unique buildings intersecting each cell, (3) number of building centroids falling inside each cell, and area of the (4) average, (5) smallest, and (6) largest area of buildings that intersect each cell. These values a ...

  2. Microsoft Building Footprints

    • gis-calema.opendata.arcgis.com
    • hub.arcgis.com
    Updated Nov 19, 2018
    + more versions
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    CA Governor's Office of Emergency Services (2018). Microsoft Building Footprints [Dataset]. https://gis-calema.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/microsoft-building-footprints
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    Dataset updated
    Nov 19, 2018
    Dataset provided by
    California Governor's Office of Emergency Services
    Authors
    CA Governor's Office of Emergency Services
    License

    Open Database License (ODbL) v1.0https://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Description

    This feature layer is Microsoft's recently released, free, set of deep learning generated building footprints covering the United States of America. In support of this great work and to make these building footprints available to the ArcGIS community, Esri has consolidated the buildings into a single layer and shared them in ArcGIS Online. The footprints can be used for visualization using vector tile format or as hosted feature layer to do analysis. Learn more about the Microsoft Project at the Announcement Blog or the raw data is available at Github.The original AGOL Item was produced by ESRI and is located here.

  3. c

    Microsoft Buildings Footprints CAC

    • cacgeoportal.com
    Updated Jun 26, 2024
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    Central Asia and the Caucasus GeoPortal (2024). Microsoft Buildings Footprints CAC [Dataset]. https://www.cacgeoportal.com/datasets/microsoft-buildings-footprints-cac/about
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 26, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Central Asia and the Caucasus GeoPortal
    Area covered
    Description

    Bing Maps is releasing open building footprints around the world. We have detected 1.3B buildings from Bing Maps imagery between 2014 and 2024 including Maxar, Airbus, and IGN France imagery. The data is freely available for download and use under ODbL.Source: https://github.com/microsoft/GlobalMLBuildingFootprintsFile Geodatabase for download

  4. c

    A national dataset of rasterized building footprints for the U.S.

    • s.cnmilf.com
    • datasets.ai
    • +1more
    Updated Jul 6, 2024
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    U.S. Geological Survey (2024). A national dataset of rasterized building footprints for the U.S. [Dataset]. https://s.cnmilf.com/user74170196/https/catalog.data.gov/dataset/a-national-dataset-of-rasterized-building-footprints-for-the-u-s-c24bf
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Jul 6, 2024
    Dataset provided by
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The Bing Maps team at Microsoft released a U.S.-wide vector building dataset in 2018, which includes over 125 million building footprints for all 50 states in GeoJSON format. This dataset is extracted from aerial images using deep learning object classification methods. Large-extent modelling (e.g., urban morphological analysis or ecosystem assessment models) or accuracy assessment with vector layers is highly challenging in practice. Although vector layers provide accurate geometries, their use in large-extent geospatial analysis comes at a high computational cost. We used High Performance Computing (HPC) to develop an algorithm that calculates six summary values for each cell in a raster representation of each U.S. state: (1) total footprint coverage, (2) number of unique buildings intersecting each cell, (3) number of building centroids falling inside each cell, and area of the (4) average, (5) smallest, and (6) largest area of buildings that intersect each cell. These values are represented as raster layers with 30m cell size covering the 48 conterminous states, to better support incorporation of building footprint data into large-extent modelling. This Project is funded by NASA’s Biological Diversity and Ecological Forcasting program; Award # 80NSSC18k0341

  5. k

    Microsoft Building Footprints for Kentucky - Features

    • opengisdata.ky.gov
    • data.lojic.org
    • +2more
    Updated Apr 7, 2025
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    KyGovMaps (2025). Microsoft Building Footprints for Kentucky - Features [Dataset]. https://opengisdata.ky.gov/datasets/microsoft-building-footprints-for-kentucky-features
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 7, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    KyGovMaps
    License

    Open Database License (ODbL) v1.0https://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Description

    From: MS BuildingsMicrosoft recently released a free set of deep learning generated building footprints covering the United States of America. In support of this great work and to make these building footprints available to the ArcGIS community, Esri has consolidated the buildings into a single layer and shared them in ArcGIS Online. The footprints can be used for visualization using vector tile format or as hosted feature layer to do analysis. Learn more about the Microsoft Project at the Announcement Blog or the raw data is available at Github.

  6. Microsoft Buildings Footprint Training Data with Heights

    • cityscapes-projects-gisanddata.hub.arcgis.com
    Updated Feb 27, 2019
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    Esri (2019). Microsoft Buildings Footprint Training Data with Heights [Dataset]. https://cityscapes-projects-gisanddata.hub.arcgis.com/datasets/esri::microsoft-buildings-footprint-training-data-with-heights-
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    Dataset updated
    Feb 27, 2019
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Esrihttp://esri.com/
    License

    Open Database License (ODbL) v1.0https://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Description

    Microsoft recently released a free set of deep learning generated building footprints covering the United States of America. As part of that project Microsoft shared 8 million digitized building footprints with height information used for training the Deep Learning Algorithm. This map layer includes all buildings with height information for the original training set that can be used in scene viewer and ArcGIS pro to create simple 3D representations of buildings. Learn more about the Microsoft Project at the Announcement Blog or the raw data is available at Github.Click see Microsoft Building Layers in ArcGIS Online.Digitized building footprint by State and City

    Alabama Greater Phoenix City, Mobile, and Montgomery

    Arizona Tucson

    Arkansas Little Rock with 5 buildings just across the river from Memphis

    California Bakersfield, Fresno, Modesto, Santa Barbara, Sacramento, Stockton, Calaveras County, San Fran & bay area south to San Jose and north to Cloverdale

    Colorado Interior of Denver

    Connecticut Enfield and Windsor Locks

    Delaware Dover

    Florida Tampa, Clearwater, St. Petersburg, Orlando, Daytona Beach, Jacksonville and Gainesville

    Georgia Columbus, Atlanta, and Augusta

    Illinois East St. Louis, downtown area, Springfield, Champaign and Urbana

    Indiana Indianapolis downtown and Jeffersonville downtown

    Iowa Des Moines

    Kansas Topeka

    Kentucky Louisville downtown, Covington and Newport

    Louisiana Shreveport, Baton Rouge and center of New Orleans

    Maine Augusta and Portland

    Maryland Baltimore

    Massachusetts Boston, South Attleboro, commercial area in Seekonk, and Springfield

    Michigan Downtown Detroit

    Minnesota Downtown Minneapolis

    Mississippi Biloxi and Gulfport

    Missouri Downtown St. Louis, Jefferson City and Springfield

    Nebraska Lincoln

    Nevada Carson City, Reno and Los Vegas

    New Hampshire Concord

    New Jersey Camden and downtown Jersey City

    New Mexico Albuquerque and Santa Fe

    New York Syracuse and Manhattan

    North Carolina Greensboro, Durham, and Raleigh

    North Dakota Bismarck

    Ohio Downtown Cleveland, downtown Cincinnati, and downtown Columbus

    Oklahoma Downtown Tulsa and downtown Oklahoma City

    Oregon Portland

    Pennsylvania Downtown Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, and Philadelphia

    Rhode Island The greater Providence area

    South Carolina Greensville, downtown Augsta, greater Columbia area and greater Charleston area

    South Dakota greater Pierre area

    Tennessee Memphis and Nashville

    Texas Lubbock, Longview, part of Fort Worth, Austin, downtown Houston, and Corpus Christi

    Utah Salt Lake City downtown

    Virginia Richmond

    Washington Greater Seattle area to Tacoma to the south and Marysville to the north

    Wisconsin Green Bay, downtown Milwaukee and Madison

    Wyoming Cheyenne

  7. P

    BrowardCountyBuildingFootprints

    • data.pompanobeachfl.gov
    • hub.arcgis.com
    • +1more
    Updated Apr 16, 2021
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    External Datasets (2021). BrowardCountyBuildingFootprints [Dataset]. https://data.pompanobeachfl.gov/dataset/browardcountybuildingfootprints
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    kml, zip, arcgis geoservices rest api, html, geojson, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Apr 16, 2021
    Dataset provided by
    BCGISData
    Authors
    External Datasets
    Description

    Polygons of the buildings footprints clipped Broward County. This is a product MicroSoft.

    The orginal dataset This dataset contains 125,192,184 computer generated building footprints in all 50 US states. This data is freely available for download and use.

    The data set was clipped to the Broward County developed boundary.

    https://github.com/microsoft/USBuildingFootprints/blob/master/README.md">Additional information

  8. TN Building Footprints

    • chattadata.org
    • data.chattlibrary.org
    Updated Feb 5, 2019
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    Microsoft (2019). TN Building Footprints [Dataset]. https://www.chattadata.org/Buildings-Trails/TN-Building-Footprints/ww2h-472w
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    csv, xml, application/rdfxml, application/rssxml, tsv, kml, application/geo+json, kmzAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Feb 5, 2019
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Microsofthttp://microsoft.com/
    License

    Open Database License (ODbL) v1.0https://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    Computer generated building footprints for the Tennessee. Comes out of the open source project by Microsoft to map all the buildings in the USA. More details can be found at https://github.com/Microsoft/USBuildingFootprints

  9. e

    DBSM R2023 - Individual building footprints for EU27 from the hierarchical...

    • data.europa.eu
    binary data
    Updated Apr 4, 2024
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    Joint Research Centre (2024). DBSM R2023 - Individual building footprints for EU27 from the hierarchical conflation of OSM, Microsoft Buildings and ESM R2020 [Dataset]. https://data.europa.eu/data/datasets/60c6b14d-3dda-4034-b461-390dc8ed8665?locale=pl
    Explore at:
    binary dataAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Apr 4, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Joint Research Centre
    License

    https://spdx.org/licenses/ODbL-1.0.htmlhttps://spdx.org/licenses/ODbL-1.0.html

    Description

    This vector dataset contains information about individual building footprints covering all countries of the European Union (EU27). This is the result of conflating the building footprint polygons available in three datasets, and in the following order of priority: OpenStreetMap, Microsoft GlobalML Building Footprints and European Settlement Map.

    Results indicate how DBSM R2023 compares robustly agains cadastral data from Estonia, used as reference area.

    The comparison with GHS-BUILT-S, reveals a relative overestimation of the latter, factored by 0.68 at the EU scale for a sound match. While this dataset only contains the polygon of the building footprint, the aim is to continue to add relevant attributes from the point of view of energy efficiency and energy consumption in building in future versions.

  10. T

    Utah Buildings

    • opendata.utah.gov
    • opendata.gis.utah.gov
    • +2more
    application/rdfxml +5
    Updated Mar 20, 2020
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    (2020). Utah Buildings [Dataset]. https://opendata.utah.gov/dataset/Utah-Buildings/spwf-gatr
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    tsv, json, csv, application/rdfxml, xml, application/rssxmlAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Mar 20, 2020
    Area covered
    Utah
    Description

    SGID10.LOCATION.Buildings was derived from building footprints generated by Microsoft for all 50 States https://github.com/Microsoft/USBuildingFootprints In some cases the pixel prediction algorithm used by Microsoft identified and created building footprints where no buildings existed. To flag potential errors, building footprints within 750 meters of known populated areas (SGID10.DEMOGRAPHIC.PopBlockAreas2010_Approx) and within 500 meters of an address point (SGID10.LOCATION.AddressPoints) were selected and indentified as being a likely structure, footprints falling outside these areas were identified as possible buildings in the 'TYPE' field. In addition, attributes were added for address, city, county, and zip where possible.

  11. Maryland Building Footprints

    • data.imap.maryland.gov
    • hub.arcgis.com
    • +1more
    Updated Aug 1, 2018
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    ArcGIS Online for Maryland (2018). Maryland Building Footprints [Dataset]. https://data.imap.maryland.gov/datasets/maryland-building-footprints
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Aug 1, 2018
    Dataset provided by
    https://arcgis.com/
    Authors
    ArcGIS Online for Maryland
    Area covered
    Description

    Computer generated buiilding footprints for Maryland. The methodology for the generation of the building footprints can be found at: https://github.com/Microsoft/USBuildingFootprints. These building footprints should be used a reference only and the geometries are not considered accurate enough to provide detailed estimates related to their location, area, or associated attributes.This is a MD iMAP hosted service layer. Find more information at https://imap.maryland.gov.Map Service Layer Link:https://mdgeodata.md.gov/imap/rest/services/PlanningCadastre/MD_BuildingFootprints/MapServer

  12. a

    Building Footprints Microsoft

    • gis-indianamap.opendata.arcgis.com
    Updated Mar 29, 2019
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    IndianaMap Open Data (ArcGIS Online) (2019). Building Footprints Microsoft [Dataset]. https://gis-indianamap.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/building-footprints-microsoft
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    Dataset updated
    Mar 29, 2019
    Dataset authored and provided by
    IndianaMap Open Data (ArcGIS Online)
    Area covered
    Description

    Building Footprints (Microsoft), 20190211 - Shows 3,268,325 building footprints in Indiana. It was produced from data originally created by Microsoft in June 2018 for all 50 U.S. states. Attribute fields showing building footprint perimeter length and area were added (software computed by Esri) by IGWS personnel after the conversion and reprojection of the Microsoft download file named "Indiana.GeoJSON" to an Esri polygon feature class. It was created to provide access to Microsoft's building footprints for Indiana in an Esri GIS file format (file geodatabase).Download Esri File Geodatabase: Building_Footprints_Microsoft.ZIPAccess FGDC metadata: Building_Footprints_Microsoft.HTML or XMLThe following is excerpted from Microsoft's GitHub "USBuildingFootprints" Web page: "Our metrics show that in the vast majority of cases the quality is at least as good as data hand digitized buildings in OpenStreetMap. It is not perfect, particularly in dense urban areas but it is still awesome. The vintage of the footprints depends on the vintage of the underlying imagery. Because Bing Imagery is a composite of multiple sources it is difficult to know the exact dates for individual pieces of data. While our metrics show that this data meets or exceeds the quality of hand drawn building footprints, the data does vary in quality from place to place, between rural and urban, mountains and plains, and so on. Inspect quality locally and discuss an import plan with the community."

  13. n

    ramp Building Footprint Dataset - Mesopotamia, St. Vincent

    • access.earthdata.nasa.gov
    • cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov
    Updated Oct 10, 2023
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    (2023). ramp Building Footprint Dataset - Mesopotamia, St. Vincent [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.34911/rdnt.yhk0md
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    Dataset updated
    Oct 10, 2023
    Time period covered
    Jan 1, 2020 - Jan 1, 2023
    Area covered
    Description

    This chipped training dataset is over Mesopotamia and includes high-resolution imagery (.tif format) and corresponding building footprint vector labels (.geojson format) in 256 x 256 pixel tile/label pairs. This dataset is a ramp Tier 1 dataset, meaning it has been thoroughly reviewed and improved. This dataset was used in developing the ramp baseline model and contains 3,013 tiles and 33,139 individual buildings. The satellite imagery resolution is 40 cm and was sourced from Maxar ODP (10500100236CC900). Dataset keywords: Coastal, Urban, Peri-urban.

  14. v

    MSBFP SantaCruz

    • anrgeodata.vermont.gov
    Updated Oct 7, 2022
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    opacheco1993 (2022). MSBFP SantaCruz [Dataset]. https://anrgeodata.vermont.gov/datasets/cfeb1314b1f947b29e730f2ab7cbf697
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    Dataset updated
    Oct 7, 2022
    Dataset authored and provided by
    opacheco1993
    License

    Open Database License (ODbL) v1.0https://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Description

    Microsoft recently released a free set of deep learning generated building footprints covering the United States of America. In support of this great work and to make these building footprints available to the ArcGIS community, Esri has consolidated the buildings into a single layer and shared them in ArcGIS Online. The footprints can be used for visualization using vector tile format or as hosted feature layer to do analysis. Learn more about the Microsoft Project at the Announcement Blog or the raw data is available at Github.

  15. r

    Building Footprints

    • rigis.org
    • arc-gis-hub-home-arcgishub.hub.arcgis.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2018
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    Environmental Data Center (2018). Building Footprints [Dataset]. https://www.rigis.org/datasets/building-footprints/api
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2018
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Environmental Data Center
    Area covered
    Description

    Representative, computer generated building footprints for Rhode Island. Originally developed by Microsoft, these data were released by Microsoft as open source data in June 2018. Source date for these data is unknown, please see metadata for details.Original Microsoft announcement regarding availability of these data.

  16. n

    ramp Building Footprint Dataset - Wa, Ghana

    • access.earthdata.nasa.gov
    Updated Oct 10, 2023
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    (2023). ramp Building Footprint Dataset - Wa, Ghana [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.34911/rdnt.6l9q5d
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    Dataset updated
    Oct 10, 2023
    Time period covered
    Jan 1, 2020 - Jan 1, 2023
    Area covered
    Description

    This chipped training dataset is over Wa and includes high-resolution imagery (.tif format) and corresponding building footprint vector labels (.geojson format) in 256 x 256 pixel tile/label pairs. This dataset is a ramp Tier 1 dataset, meaning it has been thoroughly reviewed and improved. This dataset was used in developing the ramp baseline model and contains 7,615 tiles and 68,072 individual buildings. The satellite imagery resolution is 32 cm and was sourced from Maxar ODP (1040010056B6FA00). Dataset keywords: Urban, Peri-urban

  17. n

    Building Structure Density - Dataset - CKAN

    • nationaldataplatform.org
    Updated Jul 11, 2025
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    (2025). Building Structure Density - Dataset - CKAN [Dataset]. https://nationaldataplatform.org/catalog/dataset/oper-building-structure-density
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 11, 2025
    Description

    A raster dataset containing building footprints of California. The vintage of the footprints depends on the vintage of the underlying imagery. Bing Imagery is a composite of multiple sources with different capture dates. Vector spatial data called US Building Footprints contained in a Microsoft dataset (available at https://github.com/microsoft/USBuildingFootprints) downloaded, clipped to California and converted to a 10m raster.

  18. n

    ramp Building Footprint Dataset - Hpa-an, Myanmar

    • access.earthdata.nasa.gov
    • cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov
    Updated Oct 10, 2023
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    (2023). ramp Building Footprint Dataset - Hpa-an, Myanmar [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.34911/rdnt.rhevr7
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    Dataset updated
    Oct 10, 2023
    Time period covered
    Jan 1, 2020 - Jan 1, 2023
    Area covered
    Description

    This chipped training dataset is over Hpa-an and includes high-resolution imagery (.tif format) and corresponding building footprint vector labels (.geojson format) in 256 x 256 pixel tile/label pairs. This dataset is a ramp Tier 1 dataset, meaning it has been thoroughly reviewed and improved. This dataset was used in developing the ramp baseline model and contains 3,667 tiles and 44,765 individual buildings. The satellite imagery resolution is 35 cm and was sourced from Maxar ODP (1040010033320500). Dataset keywords: Urban, Peri-Urban, River.

  19. a

    Microsoft Building Footprints

    • gis-bradd-ky.opendata.arcgis.com
    • arc-gis-hub-home-arcgishub.hub.arcgis.com
    • +1more
    Updated Mar 10, 2022
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    Barren River Area Development District (2022). Microsoft Building Footprints [Dataset]. https://gis-bradd-ky.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/microsoft-building-footprints
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    Dataset updated
    Mar 10, 2022
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Barren River Area Development District
    Area covered
    Description

    Microsoft recently released a free set of deep learning generated building footprints covering the United States of America. In support of this great work and to make these building footprints available to the ArcGIS community, Esri has consolidated the buildings into a single layer and shared them in ArcGIS Online. The footprints can be used for visualization using vector tile format or as hosted feature layer to do analysis. Learn more about the Microsoft Project at the Announcement Blog or the raw data is available at Github.

  20. f

    US Building height

    • figshare.com
    application/x-rar
    Updated Apr 28, 2025
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    Yangzi Che (2025). US Building height [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21196186.v1
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    application/x-rarAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Apr 28, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    figshare
    Authors
    Yangzi Che
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The three-dimensional (3-D) information (i.e., heights) of buildings, in addition to their footprints, is of great importance to a variety of urban studies. This dataset is the first estimated height of each individual building (2020) in the conterminous United States (US) using multi-source remotely sensed observations and the Microsoft open-access building footprint data. The derived building height dataset shows a good agreement with the reference building height data in the conterminous US (i.e., R-square = 0.82, RMSE = 3.30m). This dataset is in shapefile format with building height in attribute tables. The three-dimensional building height dataset reveals spatial variations of urban form at a large scale, deepening our understanding of complex interactions between human society and natural systems.

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Mehdi Heris; Nathan Foks; Kenneth Bagstad; Austin Troy (2020). A national dataset of rasterized building footprints for the U.S. [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.5066/P9J2Y1WG

A national dataset of rasterized building footprints for the U.S.

Explore at:
10 scholarly articles cite this dataset (View in Google Scholar)
Dataset updated
Feb 28, 2020
Dataset provided by
United States Geological Surveyhttp://www.usgs.gov/
Authors
Mehdi Heris; Nathan Foks; Kenneth Bagstad; Austin Troy
License

U.S. Government Workshttps://www.usa.gov/government-works
License information was derived automatically

Time period covered
2020
Area covered
United States
Description

The Bing Maps team at Microsoft released a U.S.-wide vector building dataset in 2018, which includes over 125 million building footprints for all 50 states in GeoJSON format. This dataset is extracted from aerial images using deep learning object classification methods. Large-extent modelling (e.g., urban morphological analysis or ecosystem assessment models) or accuracy assessment with vector layers is highly challenging in practice. Although vector layers provide accurate geometries, their use in large-extent geospatial analysis comes at a high computational cost. We used High Performance Computing (HPC) to develop an algorithm that calculates six summary values for each cell in a raster representation of each U.S. state: (1) total footprint coverage, (2) number of unique buildings intersecting each cell, (3) number of building centroids falling inside each cell, and area of the (4) average, (5) smallest, and (6) largest area of buildings that intersect each cell. These values a ...

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