Abstract

This survey represents the fourth round of the Multiple Cluster Indicator Survey (MICS4) carried out in the Palestinian camps in Lebanon. MICS4 surveys have been conducted in around fifty countries throughout the world. The objective of the survey is to provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in the Palestinian camps in Lebanon, which will be used for monitoring progress towards the Millennium Development Goals and the goals of A World Fit for Children (WFFC).

Geographic coverage

Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon

Analysis unit

• Individuals
• Household

Sampling procedure

The sample size reached 5,190 households spread over five geographic areas.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaires for the Generic MICS were structured questionnaires based on the MICS4 model questionnaire with some modifications and additions. Household questionnaires were administered to a knowledgeable adult living in the household. The household questionnaire includes Household Listing Form, Education, Water and Sanitation, Household Characteristics, Child Labour, Child Discipline, Handwashing, Salt Iodization and Water Testing.

In addition to a household questionnaire, the Questionnaire for Individual Women was administered to all women aged 15-49 years living in the households. The women's questionnaire includes Women's Background, Marriage, Child Mortality (with Birth history), HIV/AIDS, Desire for Last Birth, Maternal and Newborn Health, Illness Symptoms, Contraception, Unmet Need, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting, and Attitudes Towards Domestic Violence.

The Questionnaire for Children Under-Five was administered to mothers or caretakers of children under 5 years of age living in the households. The children's questionnaire includes Age, Birth Registration, Early Childhood Development, Breastfeeding, Care of Illness, Immunization, and Anthropometry.

Cleaning operations

Data was processed using the Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro). In order to ensure quality control, all questionnaires were double entered and internal consistency checks were performed. Procedures and standard programs developed under the global MICS4 programme and adapted to the Lebanon (Palestinians) questionnaires were used throughout. Data entry began in June 2011 and was concluded in July 2011. Data processing ended in October 2011, and overall data quality was assessed in November 2011. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, Version 19, and the model syntax and tabulation plans developed by UNICEF were used for this purpose.

Response rate

The response rate for households reached 98%. For women age 15-49, the response rate was 98%. And 100% response rate for children under five.

The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) is a household survey programme developed by UNICEF to assist countries in filling data gaps for monitoring human development in general and the situation of children and women in particular. MICS is capable of producing statistically sound, internationally comparable estimates of social indicators. The current round of MICS is focused on providing a monitoring tool for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the World Fit for Children (WFFC), as well as for other major international commitments, such as the United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on HIV/AIDS and the Abuja targets for malaria. Survey Objectives The 2006 Palestinian Refugee Camps, Lebanon Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey has as its primary objectives: To provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in Generic To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established in the Millennium Declaration, the goals of A World Fit For Children (WFFC), and other internationally agreed upon goals, as a basis for future action; To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in Generic and to strengthen technical expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of such systems. Survey Content MICS questionnaires are designed in a modular fashion that can be easily customized to the needs of a country. They consist of a household questionnaire, a questionnaire for women aged 15-49 and a questionnaire for children under the age of five (to be administered to the mother or caretaker). Other than a set of core modules, countries can select which modules they want to include in each questionnaire. Survey Implementation The surveys are typically carried out by government organizations, with the support and assistance of UNICEF and other partners. Technical assistance and training for the surveys is provided through a series of regional workshops, covering questionnaire content, sampling and survey implementation; data processing; data quality and data analysis; report writing and dissemination. Survey results Results from the surveys, including national reports, standard sets of tabulations and micro level datasets will all be made widely available after completion of the surveys. Results from the surveys will also be made available in DevInfo format. DevInfo v5.0 is a powerful database system which has been adapted from UNICEF's ChildInfo technology to specifically monitor progress towards the Millennium Development Goals. MICS Results will also be available through UNICEF's web site dedicated to monitoring the situation of children and women at www.childinfo.org. Results of the prior round of MICS can already be found at this site.

Abstract

The Government of Iraq, with support from UNICEF finalized and launched a Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS 6) in 2018. The survey provides statistically sound and internationally comparable data essential for developing evidence-based policies and programmes, and for monitoring progress toward national goals and global commitments. Data and information from MICS6 provides credible and reliable evidence for the Government of Iraq to monitor the National Development Plan and establish baselines and monitor progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs). It helps the government and its stakeholders to understand disparities and the wider development challenges in the country.

The 2018 Iraq MICS has as its primary objectives:

• To provide high quality data for assessing the situation of children, adolescents, women and households in Iraq;

• To furnish data needed for monitoring progress towards national goals, as a basis for future action;

• To collect disaggregated data for the identification of disparities, to inform policies aimed at social inclusion of the most vulnerable;

• To validate data from other sources and the results of focused interventions;

• To generate data on national and global SDG indicators;

• To generate internationally comparable data for the assessment of the progress made in various areas, and to put additional efforts in those areas that require more attention.

Geographic coverage

The sample for the Iraq MICS 2018 was designed to provide estimates at the national, regional and governorates level, for urban and rural areas. Specifically the sample for the Iraq MICS 2018 survey includes 2 regions - Kurdistan and South/Central Iraq and 18 governorates - Duhok, Nainawa, Sulaimaniya, Kirkuk, Erbil, Diala, Anbar, Baghdad, Babil, Karbalah, Wasit, Salahaddin, Najaf, Qadissiyah, Muthana, Thiqar, Musan, and Basra.

Analysis unit

• Individuals

• Households

Universe

The MICS survey considers the households and their members in all urban and rural areas of Iraq as the Universe. Thus, the Universe for Iraq consists of all persons in the country residing in various geographic locations considering all special ethnic or economic groups in the rural and urban areas of Iraq. For the purposes of this survey, Internally Displaced Persons living in United Nations/government notified camps, military installations, and non-residential units such as business establishments were not considered in the scope of the survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

SAMPLING FRAME

A multi-stage, stratified cluster sampling approach was used for the selection of the survey sample. The last census in Iraq was carried out in 1998 and the sampling frame was developed during that time. The most recent update of this sampling frame was done in 2009 which was used by Central Statistical Office (CSO) for the selection of the Clusters in Iraq region. On the other hand, the Kurdistan Region Statistical Office (KRSO) has updated the 2009 sampling frame for the 3 main cities of Kurdish region and their periphery and used it to draw the Clusters. The primary sampling units (PSUs) selected at the first stage were the enumeration areas (EAs). A listing of households was conducted in each sample EA, and a sample of households was selected at the second stage.

SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLE ALLOCATION

The sample size has been calculated using the prevalence rates of key indicators from the 2011 MICS. For the purpose of identifying the optimal sample size for 2018 MICS, all the factors such as time, cost, domain of estimation, sampling and non-sampling errors were taken into account, as well as the desired level of precision of the key prevalence indicator. The sample size was calculated at the governorate level. It was decided that 2018 MICS will provide the estimates at the governorate level, so the indicative sample size has been calculated using governorate as the domain for the geographic representation. The formula for calculating the sample size is described in Appendix A of report available in related materials.

A number of meetings were held in the CSO to finalize the sample size, and various refinements were studied using the referred formula. As a result of these discussions the MICS Technical Committee reached a consensus on a sample size of 1,080 households for each governorate of Iraq, where each governorate was divided into 90 sample clusters and 12 households were selected per cluster (90 clusters x 12 households = 1,080 households). Baghdad was sub-divided into two administrative areas, therefore 19 total individual domains were used for a total sample size of 20,520 households (19 domains x 1,080 households).

One-third of the sampled households was selected for water quality testing, which means 360 households per governorate or 6,840 (360 X 19) households for the overall survey. The subsample of 4 households for the water quality testing in each cluster are selected using systematic random sampling.

Each Governorate is further stratified into urban and rural areas, and the sample within each governorate is allocated proportionately to the urban and rural strata based on the population. The urban and rural areas within each governorate are the main sampling strata. Within each stratum, a specified number of clusters is selected systematically using probability proportionate to size (PPS) sampling methodology. After the selection of the clusters in each rural and urban stratum, a new listing of households was conducted in each sample cluster. Then a systematic random sample of 12 households per cluster is drawn from the listing for each rural and urban sample cluster.

SELECTION OF ENUMERATION AREAS (CLUSTERS):

Census enumeration areas were selected from each of the sampling strata by using systematic probability proportional to size (pps) sampling procedures, based on the number of households in each enumeration area from the Iraq 2009 sampling frame. The first stage of sampling was thus completed by selecting the required number of sample EAs (specified in Table SD.2) from each of the 19 sampling domains, separately for the urban and rural strata. However, there are a few areas belonging to two governorates that were not accessed due to security reasons. These governorates are Nainawa and Kirkuk. In Nainawa 5 districts were excluded (Ba'aj, Al-Hadar, Telafer, Sinjar and Makhmoor), while only Haweja district in Kirkuk was excluded. The excluded districts represent around 22% of the urban population and 51% of the rural population in Nainawa. The percentage of not accessed area in final sample for Kirkuk represents 5% of the Urban and 42% of the rural population, following the exclusion of Haweja district.

SELECTION OF HOUSEHOLDS:

Lists of households were prepared by the listing teams in the field for each enumeration area. The households were then sequentially numbered from 1 to Mhi (the total number of households in each enumeration area) at the Central Statistical Office, where the selection of 12 households in each enumeration area was carried out using random systematic selection procedures. The MICS6 spreadsheet template for systematic random selection of households was adapted for this purpose.

The Iraq 2018 MICS also included water quality testing for a subsample of households within each sample cluster. A subsample of 4 of the 12 selected households was selected in each sample cluster using random systematic sampling for conducting water quality testing, for both water in the household and at the source, including a chlorine test. The MICS6 household selection template includes an option to specify the number of households to be selected for the water quality testing, and the spreadsheet automatically selected the corresponding subsample of households.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Five questionnaires were used in the survey: (1) a household questionnaire to collect basic demographic information on all de jure household members (usual residents), the household, and the dwelling; 2) a water quality testing questionnaire administered in 4 households in each cluster of the sample; 3) a questionnaire for individual women administered in each household to all women age 15-49 years; 4) an under-5 questionnaire, administered to mothers (or caretakers) of all children under 5 living in the household; and 5) a questionnaire for children age 5-17 years, administered to the mother (or caretaker) of one randomly selected child age 5-17 years living in the household.

The questionnaires were based on the MICS6 standard questionnaires. From the MICS6 model Arabic version, the questionnaires were customised and translated to two Kurdish dialects and were pre-tested in 3 governorates (Baghdad, Najaf and Basra) in South/Central Iraq region and 3 governorates (Duhok, Erbil & Sulaimaniya) in Kurdistan region of Iraq during Dec 2017/Jan 2018. Based on the results of the pre-test, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires.

Cleaning operations

Data were received at the Central Statistical Organization (CSO) via Internet File Streaming System (IFSS), integrated into the management application on the supervisors' tablets. Whenever logistically possible, synchronisation was daily. The central office communicated application updates to field teams through this system.

During data collection and following the completion of fieldwork, data were edited according to editing process described in details in the Guidelines for Secondary Editing, a customised version of the standard MICS6 documentation.

Data

Abstract

The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) is an international household survey programme developed and supported by UNICEF. MICS is designed to collect estimates of key indicators that are used to assess the situation of children and women. Over the past 20 years MICS has evolved to respond to changing data needs, expanding from 28 indicators in the first round to 200 indicators in the current sixth round, and becoming a key source of data on child protection, early childhood education, and a major source of data on child health and nutrition. In addition to being a data collection tool to generate data for monitoring the progress towards national goals and global commitments aimed at promoting the welfare of children, MICS has provided valuable data for MDG monitoring being a major source of data for the UN Secretary General's Final Millennium Development Goals Progress Report.

MICS was already covering some of the SDG indicators that are household-based. After undergoing rigorous methodological and validation work to broaden the scope of the tools and include new topics that reflect SDG indicators and emerging issues in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development context.

Geographic coverage

The survey is nationally representative and covers the whole of Palestine and The Data are representative at region level (West Bank, Gaza Strip), locality type (urban, rural, camp) and governorates.

Analysis unit

Households (defined as a group of persons who usually live and eat together).

Household members (defined as members of the household who usually live in the household, which may include persons who did not sleep in the household the previous night; it does not include visitors who slept in the household the previous night but who do not usually live in the household).

Women aged 15-49 years

Children aged 0-4 years

Children aged 5-17 years

Universe

The survey covered a household questionnaire to collect basic demographic information on all household members (usual residents), the household, and the dwelling; a water quality testing questionnaire administered in 5 households selected; 4 for testing and 1 for blank testing, in each cluster of the sample; a questionnaire for individual women administered in each household to all women age 15-49 years; an under-5 questionnaire, administered to mothers (or caretakers) of all children under 5 living in the household; and a questionnaire for children age 5-17 years, administered to the mother (or caretaker) of one randomly selected child age 5-17 years living in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

After determining the sample size which equals 10,080 households, we selected a probability sample, which is multi-stage stratified cluster sample as following:

First stage: selecting sample of clusters (enumeration areas), using PPS without replacement method to get 420 enumeration areas from the total EAs frame

Second stage: selecting 24 households from each EA selected in the first stage.

Third stage: Select the targeting person.

• Sample Strata The population was divided by: 1- Governorate: 16 governorates, 11 in the West Bank, and 5 in the Gaza Strip. The process of publishing at the level of Jerusalem J1 has been taken into consideration. 2- locality type (urban, rural, refugee camps).

Sampling deviation

No major deviations from the original sample design were made. All sample enumeration areas were accessed and successfully interviewed with good response rates.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The Palestinian Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey included the following modules in the questionnaires:

HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE : Household listing, education, household characteristics, social transfers, household energy use, water and sanitation, handwashing, and salt iodization.

WATER QUALITY TESTING QUESTIONNAIRE : water quality test and results.

WOMEN'S QUESTIONNAIRE 15-49 YEARS: Woman's background, mass media and ICT, marriage, fertility/birth history, desire for last birth, maternal and newborn health, post-natel health checks, contraception, unmet need, attitudes toward domestic violence, victimization, adult function, HIV/AIDS knowledge, tobacco, and life satisfaction.

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CHILDREN UNDER FIVE : under five background, birth registration, early childhood development, child discipline, child functioning , breastfeeding and dietary intake, immunization, care of illness and anthropometry.

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CHILDREN AGE 5-17 years: child's background, child labour, child discipline, child functioning, parental involvement, foundational learning skills.

The questionnaires were based on the MICS6 standard questionnaires5 . From the standard MICS6 English version, the questionnaires were customised and translated into Arabic and were pre-tested in May 2019. Based on the results of the pre-test, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires

Cleaning operations

During the fieldwork, field-testing the use of tables that examine the distribution and collection of questionnaires depending on the difference, sex ratio, age heaping, target groups, and other relevant tests

Completing the questionnaire was done through the use of a software package, where all the examination rules were placed on the application, which enabled the researcher to review any errors while she was in the household. In Jerusalem J1, there was an office audit of the questionnaire , then it were entered.

Response rate

10,080 households selected for the sample, 9,751 were found occupied. Of these, 9,326 were successfully interviewed for a household response rate of 95.6 percent. The Water Quality Testing Questionnaire was administered to 1,909 randomly selected households in each cluster. Of these, 1,848 were successfully tested for household drinking water yielding a response rate of 96.8 percent. Also 1,819 were successfully tested for source drinking water quality yielding a response rate of 95.3 percent. In the interviewed households, 11,464 women (age 15-49 years) were identified. Of these, 11,135 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 97.1 percent within the interviewed households. There were 6,394 children under age five listed in the household questionnaires. Questionnaires were completed for 6,328 of these children, which corresponds to a response rate of 99.0 percent within interviewed households. A sub-sample of children age 5-17 years was used to administer the questionnaire for children age 5-17. Only one child has been selected randomly in each household interviewed, and there were 14,329 children age 5-17 years listed in the household questionnaires. Of these, 5,456 children were selected, and questionnaires were completed for 5,360 which correspond to a response rate of 98.2 percent within the interviewed households. Overall response rates of 92.9, 94.7, and 94.0 percent are calculated for the individual interviews of women, under-5s, and children age 5-17 years, respectively.

Sampling error estimates

Accuracy of data comprises different aspects of the survey, mainly statistical errors due to the use of a statistical sample, as well as non-statistical errors due to staff and survey tools, in addition to response rates in the survey and its effect on estimates.

Statistical Errors Since the data reported in this survey are based on a sample survey and not on a complete enumeration, there may be sampling errors as well as non-sampling errors.

Data from this survey may be affected by statistical errors due to use of the sample. Therefore, the emergence of certain differences from the real values obtained through censuses is possible.

Non-Statistical Errors Procedures were developed to ensure that non-statistical errors were minimized as much as possible. Fieldworkers were selected based on strict criteria with adequate qualifications and experience in data collection. All fieldworkers underwent training on data collection best practices, topics of the questionnaires, and how to interview and obtain accurate answers from respondents. In order to reduce the percentage of errors that can occur during the completion of the questionnaire on the tablet, the software package (the application) has been designed very carefully so as not to allow any consistency errors that may occur during the entry process.

In addition, office editors were also trained on editing guidance to ensure data was consistent and complete. Data entry programs were also designed to resemble the structure of the questionnaire itself to ensure consistency within the data in each record and cross-records. All entered data were verified by different data entry clerks to ensure that all data were entered correctly.

Data appraisal

Different methods were applied in the assessment of the survey data, including: Occurrences of missing values and answers like "other" and "do not know". Examining inconsistencies between the various sections of the questionnaire, including within record and cross-record consistencies. comprarability of data with previous surveys 2010, 2014 and showed logical homogeneity in the results.

The results of these assessment procedures show that the data are of high quality and consistency.

Abstract

This Child and Development Survey - 2000 is a multiple indicator clutster survey (MICS) that was conducted among women and children, with the financial and technical support of UNICEF. The purpose of this survey is to establish comprehensive statistical data to monitor the implementation of Mongolia's National Program of Action for the Development of Children in the 1990s, and to aid future planning and organisation. Overall, the findings of the Child and Development Survey -2000 will be a valuable source of information in determining the current level of infant, child and women's health and education in Mongolia and the factors which influence those levels, and it will be extremely helpful in assessing government efforts towards improving the status of women and children in the country in the past 10 years. The 2000 Mongolia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey has as its primary objectives:

· To provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in Mongolia at the end of the decade and for looking forward to the next decade; · To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established at the World Summit for Children and as a basis for future action; · To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in Mongolia and to strengthen technical expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of such systems.

Geographic coverage

The whole country.

Analysis unit

• Households
• Women
• Children

Universe

The survey covered all Mongolian households/population and foreigners residing in Mongolia. However, it excluded Mongolian citizens residing outside the country or who had been residing, for more than 6 months, in institutions such as military camps, orphanages, care centers for the aged, hospitals, prisons and other correctional institutions.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample was selected in two stages. At the first stage, 300 census enumeration areas were selected with probability proportional to size. After a household listing was carried out within the selected enumeration areas, a systematic sample of 6000 households was drawn. Because the sample was stratified by region, it is selfweighting. For reporting the national level results, sample weights have not been used.

Survey population: According to the survey objectives, the current survey subjects were women aged 15-49, children under 5 or of pre-school and general education school age, and disabled children under 18 years in the households of the interviewees.

The sample size necessary to achieve the desired level of precision was calculated according to the formula described in the MICS manual.2 Since the MICS survey was intended to provide information on a variety of indicators and several specific target groups, the required sample size is based on the number of households needed to yield valid results with the desired level of precision for the "rarest" indicator-target group combination. This ensures that findings on the less "rare" combinations will also be valid at the chosen level of precision or better. For the Mongolian survey the key indicator for calculating the required sample size was the measles immunization rate in the target group of children aged 12-23 months. Using the formula from the MICS manual it was determined that a sample of 6000 households would be needed to obtain data on all survey indicators with a margin of error not greater than +/-5 percentage points at national level with a 95 per cent confidence level.

Sampling stratification: In the survey, sampling used 2 different stratification's: 1. By region: Most tabulations in this report are disagregated by 6 regions: Western, Northern, Eastern, Southern, Central 1 and Central 2. This is an official government classification based on petrol prices. Specifically, this regional delineation is as follows:

• Western (Uvs, Zavkhan, Gobi-Altai, Bayan-Ulgii, and Khovd aimags)
• Northern (Arhangai, Hovsgol, Bayankhongor, Uverhkangai and Bulgan aimags)
• Eastern (Dornod, Hentii and Suhkbaatar aimags)
• Southern (Omnogobi, Dundgovi, Dornogovi and Govisumber aimags)
• "Central-1" (Tuv, Selenge, Darhkan-Uul and Orhkon aimags)
• "Central-2" (Ulaanbaatar- capital city)

1. By urban and rural: The attached tabulations in this report are classified into urban and rural.

   • "Urban" population and households are defined as those located in the capital city of Ulaanbaatar and any aimag centers. • "Rural " - The rest of the population and all other households are classified as rural.

   Sample unit: The sample unit is a household. A household is a single person or group of people residing in one dwelling, accumulating their income together, having a common food and clothing source.

Sampling deviation

The sample for the Mongolia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) was designed to provide estimates of health indicators at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for six regions: West, South, North, East, Central-1 and Central-2. The sample for the survey was designed to provide national estimates for the main indicators covered by the survey, with a margin of error of ±5 percentage points at a 95 per cent level of confidence.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

In addition to a household questionnaire, questionnaires were administered in each household for women aged 15-49 and children under age five. The questionnaires are based on the MICS model questionnaire with the inclusion of the child disability module. From the MICS model English version, the questionnaires were translated into Mongolian. Questionnaires were translated back in to English from the Mongolian version. The questionnaires were pretested during Apr. 2000. Based on the results of the pretest, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires.

The questionnaire used in the Mongolian "Child and Development Survey-2000” closely followed the content and format of the model MICS questionnaire recommended by UNICEF5, with some revisions and adjustments to suit specific local circumstances. The MICS model actually consists of 3 types of questionnaires; each designed to collect information on specific topics and distinct target groups.

The household questionnaire collected information such as the construction of the housing, the sex, age, literacy, and marital and orphaned status of the household members. Also included in this questionnaire were questions on education, child labor, supply of water and sanitation, and the use of iodized salt.

The questionnaire for women aged 15-49 included modules on: - Information about women - Child mortality - Maternal and infant health - Contraceptive use - HIV/AIDS. - Vitamin "D" deficiency

 The questionnaire on children under age 5 covered:

• Birth registration
• Early childhood learning
• Vitamin A supplementation
• Breastfeeding
• Hepatitis
• Child immunization
• Anthropometry (measurement of height and weight)

Cleaning operations

After the completion of the data processing of the survey materials, statisticians analyzed particular indicators, checked consistency with other data sources, reviewed results, edited errors, and reviewed concepts and definitions of unclear indicators. Finally based on these, they developed a working document, which would be useful for the next survey, and wrote the survey report.

Data pre-entry preparation, quality control and data entry was carried out in July- August 2000 at a highly professional level and in a shorter time than expected. At this stage of the survey, the working group stayed in close contact with the survey regional office and some questions raised concerning software and mathematical methodology were solved very efficiently. Survey data were processed using software based on the given designed questionnaire. The data processing was carried out in two stages. The goal of the first stage was to obtain a complete file of raw data according to the processing technology order and to ensure the quality of the data. This included following:

• Data entry
• Verification
• Secondary editing
• Production of verified and confirmed data set

The second stage aimed to produce cross tables enabling further analysis to be carried out. This included the following: - Entry of a variety of options and simulations - Production of output tables

Response rate

The selected 6000 households for the "Child and Development Survey -2000" completed the interview (Table 1). About 8606 women aged between 15-49, identified as the select group, were eligible for the women's questionnaire. Out of these, 8257 were interviewed successfully, with a response rate of 95.9 per cent. In addition, 6199 children under the age of 5 were found to be living in the selected households. Children's questionnaires were completed for 6184 of these, yielding a response rate of 99.8 per cent.

Abstract

The Palestinian Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (PMICS) was carried out in 2014 by Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics in collaboration with Ministry of Health, as part of the global MICS programme. Technical and financial support was provided by the Palestinian Government, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).

The global MICS programme was developed by UNICEF in the 1990s as an international household survey programme to support countries in the collection of internationally comparable data on a wide range of indicators on the situation of children and women. MICS surveys measure key indicators that allow countries to generate data for use in policies and programmes, and to monitor progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other internationally agreed upon commitments.

The Palestinian Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey has as its primary objectives: - To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established in the Millennium Declaration and other internationally agreed upon goals, as a basis for future action. - To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in Palestine and to strengthen technical expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of such systems.

The Palestinian Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, 2014 was conducted for a representative sample of Palestine. The survey was designed as a multi- stage cluster sample covering the entire country including two geographic regions; The West Bank which includes 11 governorates: (Jenin, Tubas, Tulkarm, Qalqiliya, Salfit, Nablus, Ramallah and Al Bireh, Jerusalem, Jericho and Al Aghwar, Bethlehem, Hebron) and Gaza Strip which includes 5 governorates (Gaza, Khan Yunis, Rafah, Deir El Balah and North Gaza) and was stratified according to urban, rural and camp areas.

Of the 11,125 households selected in the sample, results showed that the number of occupied households were 10,568 of which 10,182 households were successfully interviewed during the survey, giving a response rate of 96 percent. There were 13,964 women in the 15-49 age group of which a total of 13,367 eligible women were successfully interviewed, achieving a response rate of 96 percent. In addition, the number of children was 7,919 child in the Household Questionnaire of which a total of 7,816 child were interviewed giving a response rate of 99 percent. The total households interviewed included 56,367 individual members who were listed. Of these, 28,542 were males and 27,825 were females with a sex ratio of 103 males per hundred females.

It is noted that the Palestinian population is a young one. The percentage of individuals in the age group 0-17 years was 46 percent, whereas the percentage of individuals in the age group 18 and above was 54 percent. According to economic and social dependency categories, 39 percent individuals were in the age group 0-14 years, 58 percent in the age group 15-64 years which is the age category of economically active individuals; and 3 percent in the age group 65 years and over. The average household size in Palestine in 2014 was about 5.5 persons. About 91 percent of households are headed by men and about 9 percent of households are headed by women. The findings pertain to March-April 2014, when the fieldwork was conducted.

Geographic coverage

West Bank: Jenin, Tubas, Tulkarm, Qalqiliya, Salfit, Nablus, Ramallah and Al Bireh, Jerusalem, Jericho and Al Aghwar, Bethlehem, Hebron Gaza Strip: Gaza, Khan Yunis, Rafah, Deir El Balah and North Gaza

Analysis unit

• Individuals
• Households

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged between 15-49 years and all children under 5 living in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The primary objective of the sample design for the Palestinian MICS was to produce statistically reliable estimates of most indicators, at the national level, for urban, rural and camps areas. Urban, rural and camps areas in each of the governorates were defined as the sampling strata.

A multi-stage, stratified cluster sampling approach was used for the selection of the survey sample.

The sample size for the Palestinian MICS was calculated as 11,125 households. For the calculation of the sample size, the key indicator used was stunting prevalence among children age 0-4 years.

The number of households selected per cluster for the Palestinian MICS was determined as 25 households, based on a number of considerations, including the design effect, the budget available, and the time that would be needed per team to complete one cluster. Dividing the total number of households by the number of sample households per cluster, we obtain a sample of 445 clusters.

The 2007 census frame was used for the selection of clusters. Census enumeration areas were defined as primary sampling units (PSUs), and were selected from each of the sampling strata by using systematic pps (probability proportional to size) sampling procedures, based on the number of households in each enumeration area from the 2007 Population and Housing Census frame. The first stage of sampling was thus completed by selecting the required number of enumeration areas from each of the sixteen governorates, separately for the urban, rural and camps strata.

Since the sampling frame (the 2007 census) was not up-to-date, a listing of households was conducted in all the sample enumeration areas (EAs) prior to the selection of households. For this purpose, listing teams were formed who visited all of the selected enumeration areas and listed all households in these enumeration areas. The listing was conducted in 416 enumeration areas; this excludes 29 sample EAs in Jerusalem within the barriers J1. A total of 266 EAs were updated in the West Bank area and 150 EAs in the Gaza Strip. A 5-day training took place during the first week of September in order to provide the fieldworkers with the skills needed for conducting the listing in the sample EAs for the Palestinian Multiple Indicator Survey 2014. The main listing field work was conducted during the period September - October, 2014.

Lists of households were prepared by the listing teams in the field for each enumeration area. The households were then sequentially numbered from 1 to n (the total number of households in each enumeration area) at the Central Statistical Office, where the selection of 25 households in each enumeration area was carried out using random systematic selection procedures.

The sampling procedures are more fully described in "Palestinian Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2014 - Final Report" pp.203-207.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaires for the Generic MICS were structured questionnaires based on the MICS5 model questionnaire with some modifications and additions. Household questionnaires were administered in each household, which collected various information on household members including sex, age and relationship. The household questionnaire includes List of Household Members, Education, Child Discipline, Household Characteristics, Water and Sanitation and Salt Iodization.

In addition to a household questionnaire, questionnaires were administered in each household for women age 15-49 and children under age five. The questionnaire was administered to the mother or primary caretaker of the child.

The women's questionnaire includes Woman's Background, Fertility/Birth History, Desire for Last Birth, Maternal and Newborn Health, Post-natal Health Checks, Contraception, Unmet Need, Marriage and HIV/AIDS.

The children's questionnaire includes Child's Age, Birth Registration, Early Childhood Development, Breastfeeding and Dietary Intake, Immunization, Care of Illness and Anthropometry.

The questionnaires are based on the MICS5 model questionnaire. From the MICS5 model English version, the questionnaires were customised and translated into Arabic and were pre-tested in December, 2013 in 4 clusters, out of each cluster 25 households were selected for interview, 25 households in Al-Bireh city and 25 households in Ramallah city (Urban), 25 households in Abu-Qash village (rural) and 25 in Al-Jalazoun refugee camp (refugee camps). The clusters were covered Ramallah governorate in the central of the West Bank. Based on the results of the pre-test, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires. In addition to the administration of questionnaires, fieldwork teams tested the salt used for cooking in the households for iodine content, observed the place for handwashing, and measured the weights and heights of children age under 5 years.

Cleaning operations

Data were entered using the CSPro software, Version 5.0. All the questionnaires were entered by using desktop computers, this process was done by 46 data entry operators and 2 data entry supervisors. For quality assurance purposes, all questionnaires were doubleentered and internal consistency checks were performed. Procedures and standard programs developed under the global MICS programme and adapted to the Palestinian Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey questionnaire were used throughout. Data processing began simultaneously with data collection in February 2014 and was completed in July 2014. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, Version 19. Model syntax and tabulation plans developed by UNICEF were customized and used for this purpose.

Response rate

Of the 11,125 households selected for the sample, 10,568 were

Abstract

The Montenegro Roma Settlements Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS-RS) were carried out in 2013 by the Statistical Office of Montenegro (MONSTAT). Financial and technical support was provided by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and UN Montenegro. MICS is an international household survey programme developed by UNICEF. The 2013 Montenegro Roma Settlements MICS was conducted as part of the fifth global round of MICS surveys (MICS5). MICS provides up-to-date information on the situation of children and women and measures key indicators that allow countries to monitor progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), EU integration and other internationally agreed upon commitments.

Montenegro participated in the third global round of MICS surveys (MICS3) in 2005, at that time as part of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. In the fifth round of the MICS surveys (MICS5), scheduled for 2012-2014, Montenegro participated for the first time as a sovereign state. The survey provides a rich foundation of comparative data for comprehensive reporting on progress towards national MDGs targets and EU integration. The 2013 Montenegro MICS survey captures rapid changes in key indicators between this and the previous round of the survey especially regarding the situation of the most vulnerable children - children in the poorest households, Roma children or those living in rural areas - and in that way contributes to expanding the evidence base for policies and programmes.

The sample for the 2013 Montenegro Roma Settlements MICS was designed to provide estimates of a large number of indicators on the situation of children, women and men in the Roma settlements of Montenegro, at the level of Montenegro. The findings pertain to March-May 2013, when the fieldwork was conducted.

Geographic coverage

Roma settlements

Analysis unit

• individuals
• households

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged between 15-49 years, all children under 5 living in the household and all men aged between 15-49 years.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The primary objective of the sample design for the 2013 Montenegro Roma Settlements MICS was to produce statistically reliable estimates of most indicators, at the level of Montenegro.

According to the 2011 Montenegro Census, there are only 1,541 Roma households in Montenegro, or less than 1 percent of all households in the country. (A Roma household was defined as a household with at least one Roma person.) In order to examine the geographical distribution of the Roma households, MONSTAT tabulated the total number of Roma households by EA. A total of 201 EAs were identified with at least one Roma household, and most of these (114 EAs) have only one or two Roma households. The EAs were sorted in reverse order of the number of Roma households, and it was found that only 33 EAs had 10 or more Roma households, and these EAs accounted for 73% of all the Roma households in Montenegro. A total of 63 EAs have five or more Roma households, and account for 85.5 percent of all Roma households. The Roma survey was limited to the areas with a greater concentration of Roma because the purpose of the 2013 Montenegro Roma Settlements MICS is not to make estimates for all Roma households in Montenegro - the aim is to survey Roma households which have not been assimilated into Montenegro society, and probably have a worse economic status than the average Montenegrin household.

It was decided that it would be both cost-effective and analytically appropriate to limit the 2013 Montenegro Roma settlements MICS to EAs with 10 or more Roma households. The 33 EAs in this frame are listed. It can be seen that the two largest EAs have 148 and 178 Roma households; these EAs are in the areas referred to as the Roma camps. In these camps the families actually live in individual households, so it would be effective to conduct a household survey in these areas. A total of 12 EAs have 30 or more Roma households.

Since the sampling frame (the 2011 Population Census) was not up to date, a new listing of households was conducted in 33 sample enumeration areas prior to the selection of households. For this purpose, listing teams were formed, who visited each enumeration area and listed the occupied households.

MONSTAT was responsible for the recruitment of the teams responsible for listing and fieldwork. For each team, maps and descriptions of the selected cluster from the 2011 Census were provided. The interviewers' task was to go to the specific area and to record whether the dwelling is occupied or unoccupied; whether a Roma household lives in the dwelling or not; fill in the name of the head of household and the correct address; note whether children under 5 live in the household; and note whether at least one member of the household is Roma or Egyptian. If at least one member of the household was found to be Roma or Egyptian that household was classified as a Roma household. The listing was carried out from 22 January until 10 February 2013. During the listing of Roma households as well as during data collection, it was effective to use Roma enumerators who were more likely to elicit cooperation with the Roma community. Therefore, in one of the teams for data collection two interviewers and a measurer/driver were Roma and were responsible for interviewing only Roma households in Podgorica. In all other municipalities, Roma households were interviewed by interviewers who were also responsible for households from the general population.

In order to increase the sample size for the Roma households and ensure a sufficient number of children in smaller subgroups related to certain indicators, 30 Roma households were selected in EAs where 30 or more Roma households are identified in the listing. In the case of EAs with less than 30 Roma households, they were all included in the sample, regardless of whether or not they have children under 5. In the case of EAs with 30 or more Roma households and at least 12 of these have children under 5, 12 Roma households with children and 18 households without children were selected. Where there were fewer than 12 Roma households with children under 5, all of them were selected and then the remaining households were selected from those without children under 5 to sum up to 30 households. Based on the distribution of the Roma households in the frame, this sampling approach resulted in a sample of 685 Roma households.

The sampling procedures are more fully described in "Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2013 - Final Report" pp.283-285.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaires for the Generic MICS were structured questionnaires based on the MICS5 model questionnaire with some modifications and additions. Household questionnaires were administered in each household, which collected various information on household members including sex, age and relationship. The household questionnaire includes List of Household Members, Education, Child Labour, Child Discipline, Household Characteristics, Water and Sanitation, Handwashing.

In addition to a household questionnaire, questionnaires were administered in each household for women age 15-49, children under age five and men age 15-49. The questionnaire was administered to the mother or primary caretaker of the child.

The women's questionnaire includes Woman's Background, Fertility, Desire for Last Birth, Maternal and Newborn Health, Postnatal Health Checks, Illness Symptoms, Contraception, Unmet Need, Attitudes Toward Domestic Violence, Marriage/Union, Sexual Behaviour, HIV/AIDS, Tobacco and Alcohol Use and Life Satisfaction.

The men's questionnaire includes Men's Background, Attitudes Toward Domestic Violence, Marriage/Union, Sexual Behaviour, HIV/AIDS, Tobacco and Alcohol Use and Life Satisfaction.

The children's questionnaire includes Child's Age, Birth Registration, Early Childhood Development, Breastfeeding and Dietary Intake, Immunization, Care of Illness and Anthropometry.

The questionnaires are based on the MICS5 model questionnaire. The questionnaires were translated into Montenegrin from the English version of the MICS5 model and were pre-tested in Podgorica, Niksic and Cetinje during January 2013. Based on the results of the pre-test, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires.

Cleaning operations

Data was entered using CSPro software. The data was entered on 10 microcomputers and carried out by 15 data entry operators and one data entry supervisor. In order to ensure quality control, all questionnaires were entered twice and internal consistency checks were performed. Procedures and standard programmes developed under the global MICS5 programme and adapted to the Montenegro questionnaire were used throughout. Data processing began simultaneously with data collection in March 2013 and was completed in May 2013 for both surveys. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, Version 18, and the model syntax and tabulation plans developed by UNICEF were used for this purpose.

Response rate

In Roma settlements, of the 685 households selected for the sample, 649 were found to be occupied. Of these, 615 were successfully interviewed for a household response rate of 95 percent. In the interviewed households, 1,001 women (age 15–49 years) were identified. Of these, 980 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 98 percent within interviewed households. In

Abstract

The surveys is designed to collect, analyze and disseminate demographic and health data pertaining to the Palestinian population living in the Palestinian Territory, with a focus on demography, fertility, family planning and maternal and child health, in addition to youth and elderly. The 2006 survey also includes new sections and elements, such as basic health and socio-economic information on different groups within the population, and children less than five years, and children aged 2-14 years, children aged 5-17 years in addition to un-married youth aged 15-29 years and elderly people aged 60 years and over. It is hoped that by gradually introducing new sections into the Palestinian Family Health Survey, it can be transformed into a survey of all of the population.

Geographic coverage

The Data are representative at region level (West Bank, Gaza Strip), locality type (urban, rural, camp) and governorates

Analysis unit

Household, individual

Universe

The survey covered all the Palestinian households who are a usual residence in the Palestinian Territory.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample frame and sample design: The list of all Palestinian households has been constructed from the updated frame in 2003. The master sample was drawn to be used for different surveys.

The sample type was a stratified two-stage random sample: First stage: 325 EAs were selected from all Palestinian Territory. Second stage: A systematic random sample of 40 households was selected from each enumeration Area (EA) in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

Due to the privacy of this survey, each EA was divided into two cells, the first one with 21 households while the other with 19 households. The first cell was prepared to collect the PAPFAM and MICS indicators, while the second was prepared to collect the MICS indicators only. It is worth to mention that there is no crosscutting between the two groups.

In this survey all un-married youth aged 15-29 years and elder persons aged 60 years and over were enumerated, in addition, one child out of all children aged 2-14 years in each household was selected for child discipline part using Kish Table.

Sample size: The number of the households in the sample was 13,238 households: 8,781 in the West Bank and 4,457 in Gaza Strip.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

In this survey four questionnaires were used:

The first questionnaire: This questionnaire was designed to collect PAPFAM and MICS indicators together, and it was collected from about 7,056 households. The questionnaire was consisted of the following parts:

• Household part: consisted household roster including demographic variables such as age, sex, date of birth, smoking, labor force status, education variables, disability, chronic diseases and others. In addition to child discipline section for children aged 2-14 years, child labor for children aged 5-17 years and education section for persons aged 5-24 years.
• Dwelling part: including questions on housing conditions such as main drinking water source, iodized salt and other socio-economic indicators.
• Women part: this part was designed to collect data from all ever-married women 15-54 years old. It consists of seven sections: Women general characteristics, Reproduction, Maternal care, Family planning and Desire for reproduction, Tetanus toxoid vaccination, Knowledge of STDs, Chronic disease and disease due to reproduction.
• Child part: this part was designed to collect data from all children aged less than 5 years, it consists of four sections: Child health and vaccinations, Early education, Birth registration, and Anthropometric measurements.

The second questionnaire: This questionnaire was designed to collect MICS indicators only; it is part of the first one. It was collected from about 6,182 households. The questionnaire was consisted of all the parts mentioned above except: Chronic diseases in household part, and Knowledge of STDs in women part. This methodology was used in order to disseminate the data on these indicators at the governorate level.

The third questionnaire: This questionnaire was designed to collect data from all un- married youth aged 15-29 years.

The fourth questionnaire: This questionnaire was designed to collect data from all elderly persons aged 60 years and over.

Cleaning operations

Data editing took place at a number of stages through the processing including:

1. office editing and coding
2. during data entry
3. structure checking and completeness
4. structural checking of SPSS data files

Response rate

The survey sample consists of about 13,238 households of which 11,661 households completed the interview; whereas 7,700 households from the West Bank and 3,961 households in Gaza Strip. Weights were modified to account for non-response rate. The response rate in the West Bank reached 85.5% while in the Gaza Strip it reached 93.1%. The response rate in the Palestinian Territory reached 88.0%.

Sampling error estimates

Detailed information on the sampling Error is available in the Survey Report.

Data appraisal

Detailed information on the data appraisal is available in the Survey Report.

Distribution of macrolide resistance genes and MICs in erythromycin-resistant S. agalactiae (ERSA).

The frequency of resistance genes CTX-M-15, TEM-1, and OXA-1 in our 47 isolates.

Abstract

The 2000 Health Survey in the West Bank and Gaza Strip (MICS2) provides reliable estimates for several indicators, which were suggested to Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) by decision makers, planners, and researchers in the field of health through a series of "User-Producer Dialogue"workshops. The survey includes also the indicators of the "End of Decade Goals Survey, MICS2" which were developed in cooperation with UNICEF, and the indicators of the "Baseline Health Survey" which were developed in cooperation with UNFPA.

The 2000 Health Survey in the West Bank and Gaza Strip was implemented on the eve of the INTIFADA in Palestine. The release of this report comes after less than three months since the beginning of the uprising. There is documented evidence that up to this time in the life of the INTIFADA, more than 100 Palestinian children have been killed and more than 3,500 are injured by the Israeli army and the Israeli settlers. International as well as local specialized agencies have indicated that hundreds of thousands of Palestinian children have been deeply affected psychologically by the events. The Israeli harsh measures and their continued aggression against the Palestinian population have left thousands of Palestinian households with no means of protection or support for their children. In view of these tragic developments, the results of this Survey could be used as a fairly good and reliable baseline to compare with when studying the impact of Israeli measures and actions against Palestinian children and households.

The Health Survey of 1996 and the Demographic Survey of 1995 were among the pioneering household surveys in the establishment phase of Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). The two surveys where complementary to each other and were designed to provide detailed accounting and baseline data and statistics on the demographic and health status of Palestinian households and individuals. An update of the health survey was deemed necessary by PCBS and the Ministry of Health in order to update the baseline data on health situation in Palestine. The current survey (the 2000 health Survey in the West Bank and Gaza Strip) comes as a timely update ofthe various indicators, which were measured by the previous surveys, and as an answer to the statistical needs of the planners within government, NGO's, and specialized international agencies which are mandated to work in Palestine. This survey is in fact a realization of a partnership, which was formulated between PCBS, Ministry of Health, UNFPA and UNICEF in order to pool the demand side on data and produce a relevant data set for various stakeholders. The survey has tried to provide estimates for many indicators within the framework of UNICEF's efforts to support countries to come up with assessment of End Decade Goals as set out by UNICEF. It also tried to come up with the baseline data, which could be used in drafting a country strategy and a CPA exercise by UNFPA. The survey has also tried to provide enough details to allow the Ministry of Health finalize its strategic plan.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Individuals
• Households

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-54 years, all children aged 5-17 years and under 5 living in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample design of the 2000 Health Survey in the West Bank and Gaza Strip (MICS) takes into account the main recommendations of UNICEF for this type of surveys.

The sample provides a subsample of household that receives health services from the Ministry of Health clinics.

The target population consists of all Palestin_ian households that usually reside in the Palestinian Territory. This type of survey concentrates on 2 subpopulations. the first one is ever-married women and aged (15-54) years. the second one is children less than 5 years.

The list of all Palestinian households has been constructed with some identification variables, after finishing the Population Census 1997 processes. The master sample was drowned to be used for different sample surveys. The master sample consists of 481-enumeration area (EA) (the average sizes about 120 households). The master sample is the sample frame of the 2000 Health Survey in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The selected EAs were divided into small units called cells (with average size of 25 households). One cell per EA was selected.

Different criteria were taken into account when sample size was determined. The level of sampling error for the main indicators was considered, the result could be published at 3 subpopulations. and 10% incomplete questionnaire was assumed. The overall sample was 272 EAs, 178 in the West Bank and 94 in Gaza Strip. The Sample cells increased to 288 cells. 194 in West Bank and 94 in Gaza Strip. The number of households in the sample was 6,349 households, 4,295 in the West Bank and 2,054 in Gaza Strip.

The sample is a stratified multi-stage random sample.

Stratification: Four levels of stratification were made: 1. Stratification by governorates. 2. Stratification by place of residence which comprised: (a) Urban (b) Rural (c) Refugee Camps 3. Stratification by classifying localities, excluding governorate capitals, into three strata based on the ownership of households within these localities of durable goods. 4. Stratification by size locality (number of households).

A compact cluster design was adopted because the sample frame was old. As mentioned above, the first sampling units were divided into small units (cells). Then one cell from each EA was randomly selected.

For that part of Jerusalem, which was annexed after 1967 war, a list of households for the EAs in the frame was completed in 1999. Therefore a compact cluster design was not used in this part, and a random of households from the EAs was selected.

First stage sampling units are the area units (EAs) in the master sample. The second stage-sampling units are cells.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was developed by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics after revision and adaptation of the following standard questionnaires: 1. The Health Survey questionnaire, which implemented by Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics in 1996. 2. Demographic Survey questionnaire, which implemented by Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics in 1995. 3. UNICEF questionnaire for Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS II). 4. Standard Demographic and Health survey questionnaire. 5. Other Demographic and Health Survey questionnaire (DHS).

The health survey - 2000 questionnaire consist of three main parts:

1. Household questionnaire which includes the following sections:
2. Control Sheet: which includes items related to quality control sample identification, interview schedule and interview results.
3. Household Roster: includes demographic variables such as age, sex, relation to head of household, date ofbirth and health variables such as health insurance and smoking.

4. Housing section: includes questions on housing conditions, such as water sanitation and iodized salt.

5. Women's Health questionnaire: this questionnaire was designed to collect data for all ever- married women aged less than 55 years, it consists of seven sections:

6. Reproduction.

7. Family planning.

8. Antenatal care and Breastfeeding.

9. Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination.

10. Desire of Reproduction.

11. Public Health and Health Awareness.

12. Knowledge of HIV.

13. Child Health Questionnaire: This module consists of six sections:

14. Birth Registration for children under five years.

15. Child Education for children aged 5-17 years .

16. Child Labor for children aged 5-17 years.

17. Child Health and Child Immunization for children under five years.

18. Child Ophthalmic Health for children under five years.

19. Anthropometry for children under five years.

Cleaning operations

IMPS was used in data entry. Data entry was organized in a number of files, corresponding to the main parts of the questionnaire.

A data entry template was designed to reflect an exact image of the questionnaire, and included various electronic checks: logical check, consisting checks and cross-validation. Continuously thorough checks on the overall consistency of the data files and sample allocation were sent back to the field for corrections.

Data entry started on may 18, 2000 and finished on June 8, 2000. Data cleaning and checking processes were initiated simultaneously with the data entry. Thorough data quality checks and consistency checks were carried out.

Final tabulation of results was performed using statistical package SPSS for Windows (version 8.0) and specialized health and demographic analysis programs.

Response rate

Overall 94.0% of the questionnaires were completed. 93.3% in the West Bank, and 95.5% in Gaza Strip. The response rate was about 97.7%, it was 96.9% in the West Bank and 99.3% in Gaza Strip.

Sampling error estimates

Since the data reported here are based on a sample survey and not on complete enumeration. They are subject to two main types of errors: sampling rrrors and non-sampling errors.

Sampling errors are random outcomes of the sample design, and are, therefore, easily measurable.

Non-sampling errors can occur at the various stages of the survey implementatipn in data collection and data processing, and are generally difficult to be evaluated statistically. They cover a wide range of errors, including errors resulting from non-response, sample frame

Clinical susceptibility classifications of isolates in the presence of four antibacterial agents. *Three intermediate samples excluded.

Susceptibility to 9 antibiotics, antibiotic minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and serotypes of 56 Streptococcus agalactiae isolates.

Mean isolate growth rates and 99% confidence intervals (CI) for the difference in mean growth rates based on a t-statistic.

For each condition we test for normality with the Shapiro-Wilk Normality Test. All cases except one (growth rates for isolates with no CTX-M-15 and TEM-1 in presence of cefepime) indicate normality (with p < 0.01).

For the row labeled “Sensitivity”, the first column corresponds to resistance to the antibiotic (R), and the second column corresponds to susceptibility to the antibiotic (S). For the rows labeled with a resistance gene (CTX-M-15, TEM-1, OXA-1) the first column indicates the presence of a resistance gene (+), while the second column indicates the gene is not present (-). All cases except growth rates in the presence of cefepime in the second column (-/S) indicate normality (with p < 0.01).