The dataset includes age- and length-based catch per unit effort data for commercial fish species collected during the Spanish North Coast Bottom Trawl Survey.

HLA Class II Haplotype Frequency Distributions (for 99% haplotypes per population) and HLA Class II Simulated Populations (Genotype level information for sample sizes of 1000, 5000, 10000 simulated individuals) for 4 broad and 21 detailed US population groups.

Broad population groups: African Americans (AFA), Asian and Pacific Islanders (API), Caucasians (CAU), Hispanics (HIS).

Detailed population groups: African American (AAFA), African (AFB), South Asian Indian (AINDI), American Indian - South or Central American (AISC), Alaska native of Aleut (ALANAM), North American Indian (AMIND), Caribbean Black (CARB), Caribbean Hispanic (CARHIS), Caribbean Indian (CARIBI), European Caucasian (EURCAU), Filipino (FILII), Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (HAWI), Japanese (JAPI), Korean (KORI), Middle Eastern or North Coast of Africa (MENAFC), Mexican or Chicano (MSWHIS), Chinese (NCHI), Hispanic - South or Central American (SCAHIS), Black - South or Central American (SCAMB), Southeast Asian (SCSEAI), Vietnamese (VIET).

The following is an excerpt from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service species status assessment report for the coastal marten (Martes caurina), Version 2.0 (July 2018); refer to this report for additional details: 4.2 Current Range and Distribution (1980–current) All current (since 1980) verifiable marten detections were used to delineate extant population areas (EPAs) within the historical home range. The number of detections available to guide the delineation of the boundaries of the EPAs varied across the analysis area (Figure 4.2). In addition, sampling techniques varied across the range. Marten detections were buffered by 2 km and connected using a minimum convex polygon tool. Similar to methods used in the Humboldt Marten Conservation Strategy and Assessment, a 2 km buffer distance was used because most coastal marten survey and monitoring grids use a 2–km grid spacing, thus to feel confident about where animals do not occur, one would need to survey the next grid point without detections. If the total number of detections in an area was less than 5 or they were separated by greater than 5 km from other verifiable detections, the combined detections were not designated as an EPA due to the insufficient level of information to suggest a likely self–sustaining population (Slauson et al., In review, Slauson et al., In press). Because some detections did not meet this definition of a population they appear on Figure 4.3 as points but are not included in the population areas. Based on the distributions of current verifiable marten detections and adjacent suitable habitat, we identified four EPAs within coastal Oregon and northern coastal California (Figures 4.3): 1) Central Coastal Oregon Extant Population Area (CCO_EPA) 2) Southern Coastal Oregon Extant Population Area (SCO_EPA) 3) Oregon–California Border Extant Population Area (CAOR_EPA) 4) Northern Coastal California Extant Population Area (NCC_EPA) This dataset contains the four EPAs described in the SSA excerpt above.

Spatial datasets utilized to conduct the spatial analysis and additional information from the research article: Coastal proximity of populations in 22 Pacific Island Countries and Territories. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0223249 https://sdd.spc.int/mapping-coastal

The data consists of two datasets with a small amount of replication between the two (identifiable from a combination of the Koala ID and Sample Date fields). These datasets were produced using funding from the NSW Koala Strategy and form the basis of two research papers.\r \tThe first dataset consists of single time point samples from koalas either: 1) captured directly from the wild on the NSW mid-north coast; 2) sampled at Port Macquarie Koala Hospital after being rescued from danger; or 3) that were wild born exhibit koalas at Port Macquarie Koala Hospital or Port Stephens Koala Hospital. The dataset includes information on the koalas' KoRV profiles, chlamydia status and faecal glucocorticoid metabolites, as well as Mycoplasma spp., Ureaplasma spp. and Bordetella bronchiseptica status. For the wild caught koalas, a range of morphological and reproductive measures were also collected. \r \tThe second dataset consists of repeat (temporal) measures of koala retrovirus profiles and faecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels over the course of a year for: 1) wild koalas involved in a chlamydia vaccine trial in south-east Queensland; 2) exhibit koalas at Port Macquarie Koala Hospital; and 3) koalas treated at Port Macquarie Koala Hospital or Currumbin Wildlife Hospital for Chlamydia.

The data consists of two datasets with a small amount of replication between the two (identifiable from a combination of the Koala ID and Sample Date fields). These datasets were produced using funding from the NSW Koala Strategy and form the basis of two research papers. The first dataset consists of single time point samples from koalas either: 1) captured directly from the wild on the NSW mid-north coast; 2) sampled at Port Macquarie Koala Hospital after being rescued from danger; or 3) that were wild born exhibit koalas at Port Macquarie Koala Hospital or Port Stephens Koala Hospital. The dataset includes information on the koalas' KoRV profiles, chlamydia status and faecal glucocorticoid metabolites, as well as Mycoplasma spp., Ureaplasma spp. and Bordetella bronchiseptica status. For the wild caught koalas, a range of morphological and reproductive measures were also collected.
The second dataset consists of repeat (temporal) measures of koala retrovirus profiles and faecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels over the course of a year for: 1) wild koalas involved in a chlamydia vaccine trial in south-east Queensland; 2) exhibit koalas at Port Macquarie Koala Hospital; and 3) koalas treated at Port Macquarie Koala Hospital or Currumbin Wildlife Hospital for Chlamydia.

Vietnam Population: Annual Avg: North Central & Central Coastal Area (NC) data was reported at 19,798.800 Person th in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 19,658.000 Person th for 2015. Vietnam Population: Annual Avg: North Central & Central Coastal Area (NC) data is updated yearly, averaging 18,459.600 Person th from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2016, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19,798.800 Person th in 2016 and a record low of 15,920.100 Person th in 1990. Vietnam Population: Annual Avg: North Central & Central Coastal Area (NC) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.G001: Population.

Vietnam GSO Projection: Population: Var: Low: North & South Central Coast data was reported at 21,941.000 Person th in 2034. This records an increase from the previous number of 21,876.000 Person th for 2033. Vietnam GSO Projection: Population: Var: Low: North & South Central Coast data is updated yearly, averaging 20,946.000 Person th from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2034, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21,941.000 Person th in 2034 and a record low of 19,482.000 Person th in 2014. Vietnam GSO Projection: Population: Var: Low: North & South Central Coast data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.G002: Population: Projection: General Statistics Office.

In 2023, Washington, D.C. had the highest population density in the United States, with 11,130.69 people per square mile. As a whole, there were about 94.83 residents per square mile in the U.S., and Alaska was the state with the lowest population density, with 1.29 residents per square mile. The problem of population density Simply put, population density is the population of a country divided by the area of the country. While this can be an interesting measure of how many people live in a country and how large the country is, it does not account for the degree of urbanization, or the share of people who live in urban centers. For example, Russia is the largest country in the world and has a comparatively low population, so its population density is very low. However, much of the country is uninhabited, so cities in Russia are much more densely populated than the rest of the country. Urbanization in the United States While the United States is not very densely populated compared to other countries, its population density has increased significantly over the past few decades. The degree of urbanization has also increased, and well over half of the population lives in urban centers.

Seabirds are long-lived, upper trophic level predators that are integral components of marine ecosystems. Marine protected areas (MPAs) can provide both direct and indirect benefits to seabirds. Direct benefits involve reducing the direct interactions seabirds have with humans such as from fisheries and recreational activities. Indirect benefits involve reducing competition with humans for prey resources. As the abundance of prey increases within and adjacent to MPAs, seabirds may benefit as more abundant prey resources lead to increases in their productivity and population sizes. We monitored the populations of six coastally breeding marine bird species: four seabirds that feed largely on juvenile and other small fishes in nearshore habitats (Brandt’s cormorant, pelagic cormorant, double-crested cormorant, and pigeon guillemot), one seabird that feeds on both fish and intertidal invertebrates (western gull), and one shorebird that feeds primarily on rocky intertidal invertebrates (black oystercatcher). We collected data on baseline population size, productivity, foraging rates, and rates of human-caused disturbance inside and outside of three MPA clusters: Pyramid Point SMCA (Del Norte county); South Cape Mendocino SMR (Humboldt County); and Ten Mile SMR, MacKerricher SMCA, Point Cabrillo SMR, and Russian Gulch SMCA (Mendocino county). The long-term objectives of our monitoring are to 1) document how seabirds are using coastal and nearshore habitats in relation to a sample of newly established MPAs within the NCSR and 2) develop seabirds as tools to investigate changes in fish and invertebrate populations inside and outside of NCSR MPAs. Data presented here focus on baseline population size, for both roosting and breeding seabirds.

This data set contains sea turtle length and weight measurements, sex ratios, species composition, capture and release locations, tagging information, and information on biological samples collected for loggerhead, green, and Kemp's Ridley sea turtle populations in the coastal waters of North Carolina.

Sea turtles were double-tagged with Inconel Style 681 tags (National Band and Tag Company,...

Vietnam Population Density: Northern Central & Central Coastal Area (NC) data was reported at 216.700 Person/sq km in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 216.000 Person/sq km for 2022. Vietnam Population Density: Northern Central & Central Coastal Area (NC) data is updated yearly, averaging 208.100 Person/sq km from Dec 2011 (Median) to 2023, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 216.700 Person/sq km in 2023 and a record low of 199.500 Person/sq km in 2011. Vietnam Population Density: Northern Central & Central Coastal Area (NC) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.G003: Population Density: By Provinces.

GSO Projection: Population: Var: High: North & South Central Coast data was reported at 22,614.000 Person th in 2034. This records an increase from the previous number of 22,505.000 Person th for 2033. GSO Projection: Population: Var: High: North & South Central Coast data is updated yearly, averaging 21,209.000 Person th from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2034, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22,614.000 Person th in 2034 and a record low of 19,482.000 Person th in 2014. GSO Projection: Population: Var: High: North & South Central Coast data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.G002: Population: Projection: General Statistics Office.

It is presumed that the first humans migrated from Siberia to North America approximately twelve thousand years ago, where they then moved southwards to warmer lands. It was not until many centuries later that humans returned to the north and began to settle regions that are now part of Canada. Despite a few short-lived Viking settlements on Newfoundland around the turn of the first millennium CE, the Italian explorer Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot), became the first European to explore the coast of North America in the late 1400s. The French and British crowns both made claims to areas of Canada throughout the sixteenth century, but real colonization and settlement did not begin until the early seventeenth century. Over the next 150 years, France and Britain competed to take control of the booming fur and fishing trade, and to expand their overseas empires. In the Seven Year's War, Britain eventually defeated the French colonists in North America, through superior numbers and a stronger agriculture resources in the southern colonies, and the outcome of the war saw France cede practically all of it's colonies in North America to the British.

Increased migration and declining native populations

The early 1800s saw a large influx of migrants into Canada, with the Irish Potato Famine bringing the first wave of mass-migration to the country, with further migration coming from Scandinavia and Northern Europe. It is estimated that the region received just shy of one million migrants from the British Isles alone, between 1815 and 1850, which helped the population grow to 2.5 million in the mid-1800s and 5.5 million in 1900. It is also estimated that infectious diseases killed around 25 to 33 percent of all Europeans who migrated to Canada before 1891, and around a third of the Canadian population is estimated to have emigrated southwards to the United States in the 1871-1896 period. From the time of European colonization until the mid-nineteenth century, the native population of Canada dropped from roughly 500,000 (some estimates put it as high as two million) to just over 100,000; this was due to a mixture of disease, starvation and warfare, instigated by European migration to the region. The native population was generally segregated and oppressed until the second half of the 1900s; Native Canadians were given the vote in 1960, and, despite their complicated and difficult history, the Canadian government has made significant progress in trying to include indigenous cultures in the country's national identity in recent years. As of 2020, Indigenous Canadians make up more than five percent of the total Canadian population, and a higher birth rate means that this share of the population is expected to grow in the coming decades.

Independence and modern Canada

Canadian independence was finally acknowledged in 1931 by the Statute of Westminster, putting it on equal terms with the United Kingdom within the Commonwealth; virtually granting independence and sovereignty until the Canada Act of 1982 formalized it. Over the past century, Canada has had a relatively stable political system and economy (although it was hit particularly badly by the Wall Street Crash of 1929). Canada entered the First World War with Britain, and as an independent Allied Power in the Second World War; Canadian forces played pivotal roles in a number of campaigns, notably Canada's Hundred Days in WWI, and the country lost more than 100,000 men across both conflicts. The economy boomed in the aftermath of the Second World War, and a stream of socially democratic programs such as universal health care and the Canadian pension plan were introduced, which contributed to a rise in the standard of living. The post war period also saw various territories deciding to join Canada, with Newfoundland joining in 1949, and Nunavut in 1999. Today Canada is among the most highly ranked in countries in terms of civil liberties, quality of life and economic growth. It promotes and welcomes immigrants from all over the world and, as a result, it has one of the most ethnically diverse and multicultural populations of any country in the world. As of 2020, Canada's population stands at around 38 million people, and continues to grow due to high migration levels and life expectancy, and a steady birth rate.

The sample sizes (n = number of long-term Recreational Fishing Licence holders) used in the survey expansion procedure to generate population estimates of catch, effort or catch per unit effort (CPUE) for a particular year within the North Coast (N), Central Coast (C) and South Coast (S) estuarine and oceanic waters of NSW (Australia) for the line-based recreational fishery.

description: Waterfowl breeding population surveys have been completed annually on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska since 1986. Methods for the 2010 Arctic Coastal Plain Waterfowl Breeding Population Survey (ACP survey) were similar to those employed since 2007, when a single survey was implemented to address objectives of two pre-existing surveys: the geographically comprehensive 1986 ACP survey conducted in mid-June to early July, and the geographically limited 1992-2006 North Slope Eider Survey, conducted in early to mid June to target the early phenology and breeding range of eiders. The current redesigned ACP survey utilizes a 57,336 km2 spatial coverage roughly equivalent to the previous ACP survey, but its timing is similar to the previous North Slope Eider Survey. The current design also incorporates an annually-shifting transect grid, completed and repeated on a 4-year rotational basis. The survey flown in 2010 completed the first 4-year set of the redesigned ACP survey. Due to a crewmember family emergency the last one-half of the 2010 survey was delayed, which we suspect resulted in decreased precision of our estimates for some species. Airborne data collection methods followed the Standard Operating Standards (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Canadian Wildlife Service 1987) utilized for breeding pair surveys by natural resource agencies throughout North America. In this report we present spatial distribution, breeding densities and comparisons with Standard population size using the entire new ACP survey area (57,336 km2). We restrict trend analyses to data from the northern coastal region that corresponds to the former North Slope Eider Survey area (30,465 km2) because of the similarity in phenological timing of the current survey and the former North Slope Eider Survey. We tested for population growth rates significantly greater or less than 1.0 (with significance probability <0.10) for all survey years (1992-2010) and for the most recent 10 years (2001-2010). Of these, the 1992-2010 growth rates for red-throated loon, and spectacled eider were <1.0, while those for yellowbilled loon, scaup, king eider, greater white-fronted goose and tundra swan were >1.0. During the most recent 10 years, spectacled eider had growth rates <1.0, while growth rates of scaup, greater white-fronted goose and tundra swan were >1.0. Indices for greater white-fronted geese and tundra swans have been well above Standard levels for 4 consecutive years. The 2010 spectacled eider index (6,286) was below the 18-year mean (6,526). Based on our results through 2010 we recommend a review of long-term viability for the ACP breeding populations of spectacled eiders and red-throated loons. We include maps showing breeding density isopleths for most species from composite 4-year survey data.; abstract: Waterfowl breeding population surveys have been completed annually on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska since 1986. Methods for the 2010 Arctic Coastal Plain Waterfowl Breeding Population Survey (ACP survey) were similar to those employed since 2007, when a single survey was implemented to address objectives of two pre-existing surveys: the geographically comprehensive 1986 ACP survey conducted in mid-June to early July, and the geographically limited 1992-2006 North Slope Eider Survey, conducted in early to mid June to target the early phenology and breeding range of eiders. The current redesigned ACP survey utilizes a 57,336 km2 spatial coverage roughly equivalent to the previous ACP survey, but its timing is similar to the previous North Slope Eider Survey. The current design also incorporates an annually-shifting transect grid, completed and repeated on a 4-year rotational basis. The survey flown in 2010 completed the first 4-year set of the redesigned ACP survey. Due to a crewmember family emergency the last one-half of the 2010 survey was delayed, which we suspect resulted in decreased precision of our estimates for some species. Airborne data collection methods followed the Standard Operating Standards (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Canadian Wildlife Service 1987) utilized for breeding pair surveys by natural resource agencies throughout North America. In this report we present spatial distribution, breeding densities and comparisons with Standard population size using the entire new ACP survey area (57,336 km2). We restrict trend analyses to data from the northern coastal region that corresponds to the former North Slope Eider Survey area (30,465 km2) because of the similarity in phenological timing of the current survey and the former North Slope Eider Survey. We tested for population growth rates significantly greater or less than 1.0 (with significance probability <0.10) for all survey years (1992-2010) and for the most recent 10 years (2001-2010). Of these, the 1992-2010 growth rates for red-throated loon, and spectacled eider were <1.0, while those for yellowbilled loon, scaup, king eider, greater white-fronted goose and tundra swan were >1.0. During the most recent 10 years, spectacled eider had growth rates <1.0, while growth rates of scaup, greater white-fronted goose and tundra swan were >1.0. Indices for greater white-fronted geese and tundra swans have been well above Standard levels for 4 consecutive years. The 2010 spectacled eider index (6,286) was below the 18-year mean (6,526). Based on our results through 2010 we recommend a review of long-term viability for the ACP breeding populations of spectacled eiders and red-throated loons. We include maps showing breeding density isopleths for most species from composite 4-year survey data.

To help evaluate the distribution, residency, population size and structuring (and hence conservation status) of the poorly known false killer whale Pseudorca crassidens in northern Australian waters, we undertook studies of sightings, movement patterns based on satellite telemetry, and genetics. Sighting data indicates that false killer whales are regular, year-round inhabitants of coastal areas of northern Australia. Satellite-tagged animals spent extended periods of time in shallow coastal waters, with no tagged animals leaving the continental shelf. The lack of spatial overlap in the areas visited by individuals tagged in the Arafura/Timor Seas compared to those tagged in the Gulf of Carpentaria suggests that there may be more than one population in northern Australia coastal waters. All 14 genetic samples collected across 1600 km of coastline possessed the same newly identified mitochondrial control region haplotype, designated haplotype 45. Notably, haplotype 45 is distinct from all previously published false killer whale haplotypes globally and is most similar to the two haplotypes that typify the endangered main Hawaiian Islands insular false killer whale population. Based on these results and evidence from recent movement records of those tagged, false killer whales in northern Australia are apparently demographically independent from the offshore population(s). Further assessment of the population conservation status is now required.

The population of Wales in 2023 was just approximately 3.16 million, and was quite heavily concentrated on the south coast of the country, especially in the large cities of Cardiff and Swansea where approximately 383,500 and 246,700 people live, respectively.

The pen shell, Atrina pectinata, is one of the commercial bivalves in East Asia and thought to be recently affected by anthropogenic pressure (habitat destruction and/or fishing pressure). Information on its population genetic structure is crucial for the conservation of A. pectinata. Considering its long pelagic larval duration and iteroparity with high fecundity, the genetic structure for A. pectinata could be expected to be weak at a fine scale. However, the unusual oceanography in the coasts of China and Korea suggests potential for restricted dispersal of pelagic larvae and geographical differentiation. In addition, environmental changes associated with Pleistocene sea level fluctuations on the East China Sea continental shelf may also have strongly influenced historical population demography and genetic diversity of marine organisms. Here, partial sequences of the mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and seven microsatellite loci were used to estimate population genetic structure and demographic history of seven samples from Northern China coast and one sample from North Korea coast. Despite high levels of genetic diversity within samples, there was no genetic differentiation among samples from Northern China coast and low but significant genetic differentiation between some of the Chinese samples and the North Korean sample. A late Pleistocene population expansion, probably after the Last Glacial Maximum, was also demonstrated for A. pectinata samples. No recent genetic bottleneck was detected in any of the eight samples. We concluded that both historical recolonization (through population range expansion and demographic expansion in the late Pleistocene) and current gene flow (through larval dispersal) were responsible for the weak level of genetic structure detected in A. pectinata.

Ivory Coast CI: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data was reported at 0.740 % in 2015. Ivory Coast CI: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 0.740 % from Dec 2015 (Median) to 2015, with 1 observations. Ivory Coast CI: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ivory Coast – Table CI.World Bank: Poverty. The growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the bottom 40% is computed as the annualized average growth rate in per capita real consumption or income of the bottom 40% of the population in the income distribution in a country from household surveys over a roughly 5-year period. Mean per capita real consumption or income is measured at 2011 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet). For some countries means are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The annualized growth rate is computed as (Mean in final year/Mean in initial year)^(1/(Final year - Initial year)) - 1. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported. The initial year refers to the nearest survey collected 5 years before the most recent survey available, only surveys collected between 3 and 7 years before the most recent survey are considered. The final year refers to the most recent survey available between 2011 and 2015. Growth rates for Iraq are based on survey means of 2005 PPP$. The coverage and quality of the 2011 PPP price data for Iraq and most other North African and Middle Eastern countries were hindered by the exceptional period of instability they faced at the time of the 2011 exercise of the International Comparison Program. See PovcalNet for detailed explanations.; ; World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) circa 2010-2015 (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity).; ; The comparability of welfare aggregates (consumption or income) for the chosen years T0 and T1 is assessed for every country. If comparability across the two surveys is a major concern for a country, the selection criteria are re-applied to select the next best survey year(s). Annualized growth rates are calculated between the survey years, using a compound growth formula. The survey years defining the period for which growth rates are calculated and the type of welfare aggregate used to calculate the growth rates are noted in the footnotes.