In the Middle Ages, it is believed the largest Jewish populations in the world were found in Asia, particularly across the Middle East. Of the estimated total Jewish population of 1.2 million people, over 80 percent are thought to have lived in Asia, while 13 percent lived in Europe, and the remaining six precent lived in (North) Africa. The largest populations were found on the Arabian peninsula, as well as Iran and Iraq, while the Near East (here referring to the Levant region) had a much smaller population, despite being the spiritual homeland of the Jewish people.

These figures are based on the records of Benjamin of Tudela, a Jewish traveller from the Middle Ages who provided one of the most comprehensive collections of population statistics from the period. Benjamin's writings not only recorded the number of Jews living across this part of the world, but also gave an insight into societal structures and the ordinary daily lives within Jewish communities in the medieval period. The source providing these figures, however, has adjusted some of the statistics to account for known populations that were missing from Benjamin of Tudela's records, especially in Europe and Asia.

It is estimated that the largest cities in Western Europe in 1330 were Paris and Granada. At this time, Paris was the seat of power in northern France, while Granada had become the largest multicultural city in southern Spain, controlled by the Muslim, Nasrid Kingdom during Spain's Reconquista period. The next three largest cities were Venice, Genoa and Milan, all in northern Italy, renowned as important trading cities during the middle ages. In October 1347, the first wave of the Black Death had arrived in Sicily and then began spreading throughout Europe, decimating the population.

Medieval European urbanization presents a line of continuity between earlier cities and modern European urban systems. Yet, many of the spatial, political and economic features of medieval European cities were particular to the Middle Ages, and subsequently changed over the Early Modern Period and Industrial Revolution. There is a long tradition of demographic studies estimating the population sizes of medieval European cities, and comparative analyses of these data have shed much light on the long-term evolution of urban systems. However, the next step—to systematically relate the population size of these cities to their spatial and socioeconomic characteristics—has seldom been taken. This raises a series of interesting questions, as both modern and ancient cities have been observed to obey area-population relationships predicted by settlement scaling theory. To address these questions, we analyze a new dataset for the settled area and population of 173 European cities from the early fourteenth century to determine the relationship between population and settled area. To interpret this data, we develop two related models that lead to differing predictions regarding the quantitative form of the population-area relationship, depending on the level of social mixing present in these cities. Our empirical estimates of model parameters show a strong densification of cities with city population size, consistent with patterns in contemporary cities. Although social life in medieval Europe was orchestrated by hierarchical institutions (e.g., guilds, church, municipal organizations), our results show no statistically significant influence of these institutions on agglomeration effects. The similarities between the empirical patterns of settlement relating area to population observed here support the hypothesis that cities throughout history share common principles of organization that self-consistently relate their socioeconomic networks to structured urban spaces.

This thematic map of coroplets represents the demographic indicator Population. Average age, for the territorial delimitation of sections of the Canary Islands, from the Municipal Register of Inhabitants (PMH) to this date.

This thematic map of coroplets represents the demographic indicator Population. Average age, for the territorial delimitation of islands of the Canary Islands, from the Municipal Register of Inhabitants (PMH) to this date.

Population estimates for the Roman empire, by European region (thousands).

This thematic map of coroplets represents the demographic indicator Population. Average age, for the territorial delimitation of large regions of the Canary Islands, from the Municipal Register of Inhabitants (PMH) to this date.

This thematic map of coroplets represents the demographic indicator Population. Average age, for the territorial delimitation of islands of the Canary Islands, from the Municipal Register of Inhabitants (PMH) to this date.

This thematic map of coroplets represents the demographic indicator Population. Average age, for the territorial delimitation of sections of the Canary Islands, from the Municipal Register of Inhabitants (PMH) to this date.

This thematic map of coroplets represents the demographic indicator Population. Average age, for the territorial delimitation of municipalities of the Canary Islands, from the Municipal Register of Inhabitants (PMH) to this date.

This thematic map of coroplets represents the demographic indicator Population. Average age, for the territorial delimitation of mesh of 250m of the Canary Islands, from the Municipal Register of Inhabitants (PMH) to this date.

This thematic map of coroplets represents the demographic indicator Population. Average age, for the territorial delimitation of sections of the Canary Islands, from the Municipal Register of Inhabitants (PMH) to this date.

This thematic map of coroplets represents the demographic indicator Population. Average age, for the territorial delimitation of sections of the Canary Islands, from the Municipal Register of Inhabitants (PMH) to this date.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the data for the Middle Township, New Jersey population pyramid, which represents the Middle township population distribution across age and gender, using estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. It lists the male and female population for each age group, along with the total population for those age groups. Higher numbers at the bottom of the table suggest population growth, whereas higher numbers at the top indicate declining birth rates. Furthermore, the dataset can be utilized to understand the youth dependency ratio, old-age dependency ratio, total dependency ratio, and potential support ratio.

Key observations

• Youth dependency ratio, which is the number of children aged 0-14 per 100 persons aged 15-64, for Middle Township, New Jersey, is 26.3.
• Old-age dependency ratio, which is the number of persons aged 65 or over per 100 persons aged 15-64, for Middle Township, New Jersey, is 38.1.
• Total dependency ratio for Middle Township, New Jersey is 64.4.
• Potential support ratio, which is the number of youth (working age population) per elderly, for Middle Township, New Jersey is 2.6.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group for the Middle township population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
• Population (Male): The male population in the Middle township for the selected age group is shown in the following column.
• Population (Female): The female population in the Middle township for the selected age group is shown in the following column.
• Total Population: The total population of the Middle township for the selected age group is shown in the following column.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Middle township Population by Age. You can refer the same here

This thematic map of coroplets represents the demographic indicator Population. Average age, for the territorial delimitation of municipalities of the Canary Islands, from the Municipal Register of Inhabitants (PMH) to this date.

This thematic map of coroplets represents the demographic indicator Population. Average age, for the territorial delimitation of municipalities of the Canary Islands, from the Municipal Register of Inhabitants (PMH) to this date.

This thematic map of coroplets represents the demographic indicator Population. Average age, for the territorial delimitation of islands of the Canary Islands, from the Municipal Register of Inhabitants (PMH) to this date.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the data for the Middle Taylor Township, Pennsylvania population pyramid, which represents the Middle Taylor township population distribution across age and gender, using estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. It lists the male and female population for each age group, along with the total population for those age groups. Higher numbers at the bottom of the table suggest population growth, whereas higher numbers at the top indicate declining birth rates. Furthermore, the dataset can be utilized to understand the youth dependency ratio, old-age dependency ratio, total dependency ratio, and potential support ratio.

Key observations

• Youth dependency ratio, which is the number of children aged 0-14 per 100 persons aged 15-64, for Middle Taylor Township, Pennsylvania, is 27.7.
• Old-age dependency ratio, which is the number of persons aged 65 or over per 100 persons aged 15-64, for Middle Taylor Township, Pennsylvania, is 39.8.
• Total dependency ratio for Middle Taylor Township, Pennsylvania is 67.5.
• Potential support ratio, which is the number of youth (working age population) per elderly, for Middle Taylor Township, Pennsylvania is 2.5.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group for the Middle Taylor township population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
• Population (Male): The male population in the Middle Taylor township for the selected age group is shown in the following column.
• Population (Female): The female population in the Middle Taylor township for the selected age group is shown in the following column.
• Total Population: The total population of the Middle Taylor township for the selected age group is shown in the following column.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Middle Taylor township Population by Age. You can refer the same here

Position, site id, label, name, type, and chronological occupation of the archaeological record discussed in this article (see Fig 1 for geographic location).

Graph and download economic data for Population Ages 15 to 64 for Middle Income Countries (SPPOP1564TOZSMIC) from 1960 to 2024 about 15 to 64 years, income, and population.