In 2023, there were 577,000 German households with a household net income of under 500 euros per month. Approximately 18 percent of households had a monthly income of 5,000 euros and more. Disposable net income While at first glance the aforementioned monthly income may seem manageable, based on general German standards of living, it is worth noting that flexibility and expenditure depends on the number of people living in a household, or rather the number of earners in relation to that number. In the case of employed population members, what remains as disposable net income is influenced by various regular payments made by households after the already taxed salary arrives. These payments include, but are not limited to, rent, different types of insurance, repaying loans, fees for internet and mobile phone services. Food and housing When looking at private household spending in Germany, consistent patterns emerge. Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuel made up the largest share and will increase even further in the coming months, followed by food, beverages, and tobacco.

Germany DE: Imports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports: Outside Region data was reported at 14.087 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 15.711 % for 2022. Germany DE: Imports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports: Outside Region data is updated yearly, averaging 13.908 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.783 % in 1964 and a record low of 9.568 % in 2001. Germany DE: Imports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports: Outside Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Imports. Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies outside region are the sum of merchandise imports by the reporting economy from other low- and middle-income economies in other World Bank regions according to the World Bank classification of economies. Data are expressed as a percentage of total merchandise imports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data.;World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.;Weighted average;

A structured overview of the average, net, median, and minimum wage in Germany for 2025. This dataset combines original market research conducted by KUMMUNI GmbH with publicly available data from the German Federal Statistical Office. It includes values with and without bonuses, hourly minimum wage, and take-home pay after tax.

Germany DE: Imports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports: Latin America & The Caribbean data was reported at 1.341 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.288 % for 2022. Germany DE: Imports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports: Latin America & The Caribbean data is updated yearly, averaging 2.098 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.092 % in 1960 and a record low of 1.187 % in 2002. Germany DE: Imports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports: Latin America & The Caribbean data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Imports. Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Latin America and the Caribbean are the sum of merchandise imports by the reporting economy from low- and middle-income economies in the Latin America and the Caribbean region according to the World Bank classification of economies. Data are expressed as a percentage of total merchandise imports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data.;World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.;Weighted average;

Germany DE: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: Outside Region data was reported at 13.401 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 13.382 % for 2022. Germany DE: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: Outside Region data is updated yearly, averaging 13.267 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.192 % in 1960 and a record low of 7.633 % in 2000. Germany DE: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: Outside Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Exports. Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies outside region are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to other low- and middle-income economies in other World Bank regions according to the World Bank classification of economies. Data are expressed as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data.;World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.;Weighted average;

Germany DE: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: Middle East & North Africa data was reported at 1.075 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.914 % for 2022. Germany DE: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: Middle East & North Africa data is updated yearly, averaging 2.174 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.099 % in 1975 and a record low of 0.914 % in 2022. Germany DE: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: Middle East & North Africa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Exports. Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Middle East and North Africa are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to low- and middle-income economies in the Middle East and North Africa region according to World Bank classification of economies. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data.;World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.;Weighted average;

Germany DE: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: East Asia & Pacific data was reported at 7.580 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.065 % for 2022. Germany DE: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: East Asia & Pacific data is updated yearly, averaging 2.479 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.424 % in 2020 and a record low of 1.281 % in 1972. Germany DE: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: East Asia & Pacific data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Exports. Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in East Asia and Pacific are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to low- and middle-income economies in the East Asia and Pacific region according to World Bank classification of economies. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data.;World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.;Weighted average;

The system of social indicators for the Federal Republic of Germany - developed in its original version as part of the SPES project under the direction of Wolfgang Zapf - provides quantitative information on levels, distributions and changes in quality of life, social progress and social change in Germany from 1950 to 2013, i.e. over a period of more than sixty years. With the approximately 400 objective and subjective indicators that the indicator system comprises in total, it claims to measure welfare and quality of life in Germany in a differentiated way across various areas of life and to observe them over time. In addition to the indicators for 13 areas of life, including income, education and health, a selection of cross-cutting global welfare measures were also included in the dashboard, i.e. general welfare indicators such as life satisfaction, social isolation or the Human Development Index. Based on available data from official statistics and survey data, time series were compiled for all indicators, ideally with annual values from 1950 to 2013. Around 90 of the indicators were marked as "key indicators" in order to highlight central dimensions of welfare and quality of life across the various areas of life. The further development and expansion, regular maintenance and updating as well as the provision of the data of the system of social indicators for the Federal Republic of Germany have been among the tasks of the Center for Social Indicator Research, which is based at GESIS, since 1987. For a detailed description of the system of social indicators for the Federal Republic of Germany, see the study description under "Other documents".
The data on the area of life “Socio Economic Classification and Social Stratification” is composed as follows:

Intergenerational mobility: employed people in the upper service class without intergenerational mobility, employed people in the lower service class without intergenerational mobility, employed skilled workers and technicians without intergenerational mobility, employed unskilled workers without intergenerational mobility, employed self-employed people without intergenerational mobility, employed people in agricultural professions without intergenerational mobility. Social mobility: proportion of class-homogeneous marriages among men and women in the upper service class, proportion of class-homogeneous marriages among men and women in the lower service class, proportion of class-homogeneous marriages among men and women - skilled workers and technicians, proportion of class-homogeneous marriages among men and women - unskilled workers, share of class-homogeneous marriages among men and women - self-employed, share of class-homogeneous marriages among men and women with agricultural professions. Socio-economic breakdown of the population: Number of private households according to participation in the working life of the reference person, share of private households according to participation in the working life of the reference person, number of private households according to the occupational status of the reference person, share of private households according to the occupational status of the reference person, share of the population earning a living through employment , share of the population earning a living through unemployment benefits and assistance, share of the population earning a living through pensions, share of the population earning a living from family members, share of self-employed people in all employed people, share of helping family members in all employed people, share of civil servants in all employed people, share of employees in all employed people , proportion of workers in all employed persons, employed people in the upper service class, employed people in the lower service class, employed people - skilled workers and technicians, employed people - unskilled workers, employed people - self-employed, employed people with agricultural professions. Subjective class classification: Population according to subjective class classification (working class, middle class, upper middle and upper class, none of these classes).

Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Latin America & the Caribbean (% of total merchandise imports) in Germany was reported at 1.3413 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Germany - Merchandise imports from developing economies in Latin America & the Caribbean (% of total merchandise imports) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

This article examines the effects of the introduction of the statutory minimum wage on the distribution of individual income from wages, as well as gross and net means-weighted income of workers in Germany. For the first time, data from the Survey of Income and Consumption was used, in which incomes are recorded in great detail. Both descriptive findings and the results of unconditional quantile regressions indicate that the incomes of workers in regions with a high level of minimum wage intervention experienced significant increases after the introduction of the minimum wage, ranging into the middle band of the income distribution. Accordingly, the minimum wage has positively influenced the incomes of a large number of employee households.

Political situation in Germany. Attitudes towards political parties.

Topics: Turnout intention and voting intention (Sunday question); Alternative voting intention; other electable party: Pirate Party; other electable party: Free voters; voting behaviour in the last federal election in 2009 (recall); positive or negative association with terms (people´s party, compassion, conservative, christian, social, close to the economy, middle-class, liberal, opportunities, achievement, cohesion, freedom, security, stability, order, performance justice, social market economy, centre, qualified immigration, budget consolidation, freedom of choice for families, intelligent saving, respect, demographic change, values, tradition, home, trust); annoyance about political decisions; issues about which one was annoyed; affected by political decisions (current); decisions by which one was personally affected (current); positive or negative impact of the decision; affected by political decisions (prospective); decisions by which one will be personally affected (prospective); party with which one feels most comfortable; subjective affiliation with ´little people´.

Political positions (politics takes care of the problems of the little people, concern about limiting living standards, debt reduction to maintain prosperity, public debt is good if it is made for the future of the children, fear of going out alone in the evening, problems keeping up with the pace of everyday life, state support for those who are willing to perform, acceptance of the performance principle, people´s parties prevent the assertion of individual interests, 30 km/h speed limit in cities, support for large-scale projects); association of certain terms with parties (people´s party, modern, compassionate, conservative, christian, down-to-earth, social, close to the economy, middle-class, liberal, advancement, opportunities, achievement, cohesion, freedom, security, stability, order, performance fairness, future, social market economy, centre, prosperity, qualified immigration, budget consolidation, freedom of choice for families, intelligent savings, demographic change, values, tradition, home, good governance, expertise, cares for citizens, party for all, can move Germany forward, strong leadership, energetic, honest, reliable, credible, responsible, trust).

Demography: age; highest school-leaving qualification; intended school-leaving qualification, completed studies; completed apprenticeship; occupation; profession; household size; frequency of churchgoing; party identification (direction, strength, stability); sex.

Additionally coded were: Federal state; inhabitant of place of residence; target persons in the household; number of telephone numbers; indicator replenishment sample; weighting factors.

Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Middle East & North Africa (% of total merchandise imports) in Germany was reported at 0.92764 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Germany - Merchandise imports from developing economies in Middle East & North Africa (% of total merchandise imports) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Europe & Central Asia (% of total merchandise imports) in Germany was reported at 2.755 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Germany - Merchandise imports from developing economies in Europe & Central Asia (% of total merchandise imports) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

The German Internet Panel (GIP) is a long-term study at the University of Mannheim. The GIP examines individual attitudes and preferences that are relevant in political and economic decision-making processes. To this end, more than 3,500 people throughout Germany have been regularly surveyed online every two months since 2012 on a wide range of topics. The GIP is based on a random sample of the general population in Germany between the ages of 16 and 75. The study started in 2012 and was supplemented by new participants in 2014 and 2018. The panel participants were recruited offline. The GIP questionnaires cover a variety of topics that deal with current events.
The questionnaire contains numerous experimental variations in the survey instruments. Further information can be found in the study documentation.

Employment status; number of different statements agreed with (I know who I can turn to if I have questions in everyday working life; in my workplace, criticism should better not be addressed openly; there is racial discrimination at my workplace; there is a good working atmosphere in my working environment); number of different statements agreed with (certain ethnic groups are naturally less intelligent than others, we would all be better off if we ate less meat, high salaries for managers are not justified, public broadcasting fees benefit democracy); tools used for route planning (navigation system in the car, smartphone with navigation function as a pedestrian, printed maps, route planner on the internet); self-assessment of spatial orientation skills (sense of direction, recognising points of the compass, reading maps, dependence on a navigation app on the smartphone in unfamiliar environments); preference for accepting a job offer with certain characteristics (size of company, distance from home, industry, salary, certain job characteristics (personal skills, benefits of the work, crisis security of the job), other benefits); preference for one of two candidates with certain characteristics for the German Bundestag (age, gender, profession, party affiliation, political positions, hobbies); preference for a place of residence with certain characteristics (size, price of rents for flats, transport connections, proportion of foreigners, characteristics of residents (wealthy, political views, social interaction), other special features); value and usefulness of own activities (professional activity, contribution to society, contribution to democracy); preferred treatment of people by politicians (respectful, leaving people to make their own decisions, equal treatment); actual treatment of people by politicians (respectful, leaving people to make their own decisions, equal treatment); preferred interaction of society with people (respectful, leaving own decisions, equal treatment); actual interaction of society with people (respectful, leaving own decisions, equal treatment); actual treatment of people by society (respectful, leaving people to make their own decisions, equal treatment); preferred treatment of people in working life (respectful, leaving own decisions, equal treatment); actual treatment of people in working life (respectful, leaving own decisions, equal treatment); attitude towards selected statements about politics (politics looks down on people, treats people like underage children, treats people as second-class citizens); attitude towards selected statements about society (society looks down on people, treats people like underage children, treats people as second-class citizens); attitude towards selected statements about working life (world of work looks down on people like the interviewee, treats people like the interviewee like underage children, treats people like the interviewee as second-class citizens); self-reported belonging to the working class, the middle class or the upper class of society; deprivation; attitude towards selected statements (there is racial discrimination at my workplace, certain ethnic groups are naturally less intelligent than others).

Demography: sex; age (year of birth, categorized); highest level of education; highest level of professional education; marital status; household size; employment status; German citizenship; frequency of private Internet use; federal state.

Additionally coded were: respondent ID, GIP; household ID, GIP; person ID (within household); year of recruitment (2012, 2014, 2018); interview date; current online status; assignment to experimental groups.

Questionnaire evaluation (interesting, varied, relevant, long, difficult, too personal); overall assessment of the survey; respondent made further comments on the questionnaire.

The largest group of manual and e-bike owners finds themselves in a middle income group of 2,000 up to 3,000 euros per month, according to the bike study published by linexo by Wertgarantie. E-bike owners tend to be on higher incomes than manual bike owners: While 14.5 percent of e-bike owners have a monthly net income of 4,000 euros or above, this share stands at a slightly lower 12 percent for manual bicycle owners.

Sources and type of sources: Documents form the income tax statistics: especially for Prussia a very detailed income tax statistic was published. This allows very useful insights in the personnel structure of incomes. Original material: Journal of the office of the Kingdom of Prussia, nr. 15, 1875
Official communications of the administration office for taxes in Prussia, statistics of the Prussian income tax assessment from 1892/93 and the following years, Berlin 1892 Statistical yearbook for Prussia, nr. 10, 1912 and the following years Data from publications: Hoffmann, W.G./Müller, J.H., 1959: The German National Income 1851-1957(Das deutsche Volkseinkommen 1851-1957). Tübingen. Hoffmann, W.G., 1965: Growth of the German Economy since the middle of the 19th Century (Das Wachstum der deutschen Wirtschaft seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts). Berlin/Heidelberg/New York.

Germany DE: Imports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports: Europe & Central Asia data was reported at 2.755 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.669 % for 2022. Germany DE: Imports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports: Europe & Central Asia data is updated yearly, averaging 1.178 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.755 % in 2023 and a record low of 0.353 % in 1980. Germany DE: Imports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports: Europe & Central Asia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Imports. Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Europe and Central Asia are the sum of merchandise imports by the reporting economy from low- and middle-income economies in the Europe and Central Asia region according to the World Bank classification of economies. Data are expressed as a percentage of total merchandise imports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data.;World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.;Weighted average;

Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise imports) in Germany was reported at 1.3559 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Germany - Merchandise imports from developing economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise imports) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

The study series “Environmental Consciousness in Germany” has been conducted every two years since 1996 on behalf of the Federal Ministry for the Environment and the Federal Environment Agency to investigate how environmental awareness and environmental behavior are developing among the population in Germany. The aim is to understand the existing patterns of thought and action in society and to anticipate the needs of different population groups.

The survey 2022 was conducted by forsa from June 17 to June 30, 2022. In addition to updating the central time series questions of the study series on environmental awareness, it included an extensive block of questions on this year´s main topic of “Labour, economy and social affairs”. As part of the survey, a total of 2,073 people in Germany aged 14 and over were interviewed online (CAWI = computer assisted web interview). The selected persons were members of the forsa.onminet panel. Recruitment was done via telephone interviews based on random samples to ensure the representativeness of the panel. As only a small number of respondents aged 14 to 19 could be recruited during the survey period, a follow-up survey was conducted from August 25 to September 1, 2022, with around 60 respondents from this age group.
Importance of various socio-political issues (social equality, economic development, crime, public safety, wars, terrorism, environmental and climate protection, digitalization, unemployment, immigration, integration, state of the education system, state of the healthcare system, development of urban and rural areas, course and consequences of the coronavirus pandemic, data protection); areas where change is urgently needed (sufficient and affordable housing, better job opportunities and fair wages, improvement of educational opportunities, more environmental, nature and climate protection, integration of immigrants, improvement of public safety, more investment in infrastructure (such as road and rail networks, electricity and heating networks), reduction of poverty and social inequality, preventing discrimination and equal opportunities for all, strengthening healthcare and care, advancing digitalization, supply with healthy and affordable food, reducing dependence on fossil fuel imports).

Labour, economy and social affairs: Attitude towards ecological structural change; assessment of the German government´s measures with regard to ecological structural change; influence of the war in Ukraine on the importance of converting to an environmentally and climate-friendly economy; personal feelings with regard to the German government´s efforts to transform Germany into an environmentally and climate-friendly economy (fear of unemployment, concern about a further increase in the cost of living, uncertainty due to unforeseeable consequences, fear of social decline, concern about insufficient measures, annoyance due to slow action by the German government, agreement with the necessity of the transformation, concern about less enjoyment of one´s own work, confidence in expectation of an improved standard of living, confidence in expectation of an improved quality of life); expected effects of the ecological structural change in Germany on selected aspects (competitiveness of the economy, number of jobs, prosperity, social equality, quality of life, health, environmental quality, achievement of climate protection targets, protection against negative consequences of climate change); expected changes due to the ecological structural change in Germany with regard to selected aspects (income and property differences between poor and rich people, income and property differences between new and old federal states, social conflicts); appropriate consideration of the interests of selected groups of people with regard to ecological structural change in Germany (poor people, people from the middle class, rich people, people in Eastern Germany, people in Western Germany, people in rural areas, people in cities, older people, younger people); personal willingness to take selected measures or measures already taken with regard to ecological structural change (further vocational training, changing jobs, taking up a new profession, promoting one´s own company in the areas of environmental and climate friendliness); expectations regarding actions of companies concerning ecological structural change (should offer appropriate further training and retraining for employees, should support employees in leading an environmentally and climate-friendly lifestyle, should implement environmental and climate protection measures); approval of selected statements with regard to possible governmental measures for the socially just organisation of the restructuring of the economy (extensive financial support for severely affected regions for the conversion to an environmentally and climate-friendly economy, participation of all affected parties in the planning and implementation of...

Germany DE: Imports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports: Middle East & North Africa data was reported at 0.928 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.799 % for 2022. Germany DE: Imports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports: Middle East & North Africa data is updated yearly, averaging 1.960 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.666 % in 1974 and a record low of 0.499 % in 2020. Germany DE: Imports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports: Middle East & North Africa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Imports. Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Middle East and North Africa are the sum of merchandise imports by the reporting economy from low- and middle-income economies in the Middle East and North Africa region according to the World Bank classification of economies. Data are expressed as a percentage of total merchandise imports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data.;World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.;Weighted average;