The metropolitan area of Lagos in Nigeria counted over ********** middle-class people as of 2018. This was the highest number in Africa. Addis Ababa in Ethiopia followed with *********** individuals belonging to the middle class. The middle-class population included people who had a disposable income of over ** percent of their salary, were employed, had a business activity, or were in education, and had at least a secondary school degree.

Nigeria NG: Income Share Held by Highest 20% data was reported at 49.000 % in 2009. This records an increase from the previous number of 46.000 % for 2003. Nigeria NG: Income Share Held by Highest 20% data is updated yearly, averaging 49.000 % from Dec 1985 (Median) to 2009, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 56.500 % in 1996 and a record low of 45.000 % in 1985. Nigeria NG: Income Share Held by Highest 20% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

Nigeria NG: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: Latin America & The Caribbean data was reported at 4.444 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9.196 % for 2015. Nigeria NG: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: Latin America & The Caribbean data is updated yearly, averaging 2.278 % from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2016, with 54 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.515 % in 2004 and a record low of 0.001 % in 1974. Nigeria NG: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: Latin America & The Caribbean data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank.WDI: Exports. Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Latin America and the Caribbean are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to low- and middle-income economies in the Latin America and the Caribbean region according to World Bank classification of economies. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data.; ; World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.; Weighted average;

Abstract

The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The surveys have been undertaken at periodic intervals since 1999. The Afrobarometer's coverage has increased over time. Round 1 (1999-2001) initially covered 7 countries and was later extended to 12 countries. Round 2 (2002-2004) surveyed citizens in 16 countries. Round 3 (2005-2006) 18 countries, Round 4 (2008) 20 countries, Round 5 (2011-2013) 34 countries, and Round 6 (2014-2015) 36 countries. The survey covered 34 countries in Round 7 (2016-2018).

Geographic coverage

National coverage.

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

Citizens of Nigeria who are 18 years and older

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample size: 1,600 Sampling frame: 2006 Population and Housing Census of the Federal Republic of Nigeria Sample design: Nationally representative, random, clustered, stratified, multi-stage area probability sample Stratification: Region and urban-rural location Stages: PSUs (from strata), start points, households, respondents PSU selection: Probability proportionate to population size (PPPS) Cluster size: 8 households per PSU Household selection: Randomly selected start points, followed by walk pattern using 5/10 interval Respondent selection: Gender quota filled by alternating interviews between men and women; respondents of appropriate gender listed, after which household member draws a numbered card to select individual

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The Round 7 questionnaire has been developed by the Questionnaire Committee after reviewing the findings and feedback obtained in previous Rounds, and securing input on preferred new topics from a host of donors, analysts, and users of the data. As in previous Rounds, about two-thirds of the items from the Round 6 questionnaire remain the same, and about one-third are new items. In identifying new survey topics, the Questionnaire Committee sought to align the instrument with the global development agenda by incorporating topics that speak to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that were adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015. Some of the new survey topics in the R7 questionnaire include: Safety and Security; State capacity; Migration; Closing spaces; Inclusion; Climate change and, the Middle class.

The questionnaire consists of three parts: 1. Part 1 captures the steps for selecting households and respondents, and includes the introduction to the respondent and (pp.1-4). This section should be filled in by the Fieldworker. 2. Part 2 covers the core attitudinal and demographic questions that are asked by the Fieldworker and answered by the Respondent (Q1 – Q100). 3. Part 3 includes contextual questions about the setting and atmosphere of the interview, and collects information on the Fieldworker. This section is completed by the Fieldworker (Q101 – Q123).

Response rate

Outcome rates: - Contact rate: 100% - Cooperation rate: 98.0% - Refusal rate: 1.0% - Response rate: 98.0%

Sampling error estimates

+/- 2% at 95% confidence level

Nigeria NG: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: South Asia data was reported at 32.910 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 31.601 % for 2015. Nigeria NG: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: South Asia data is updated yearly, averaging 0.318 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 54 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 32.910 % in 2016 and a record low of 0.001 % in 1977. Nigeria NG: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: South Asia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank.WDI: Exports. Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in South Asia are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to low- and middle-income economies in the South Asia region according to World Bank classification of economies. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data.; ; World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.; Weighted average;

Nigeria NG: Imports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports: Outside Region data was reported at 31.004 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 32.433 % for 2015. Nigeria NG: Imports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports: Outside Region data is updated yearly, averaging 9.814 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 56 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 32.433 % in 2015 and a record low of 1.941 % in 1960. Nigeria NG: Imports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports: Outside Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank: Imports. Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies outside region are the sum of merchandise imports by the reporting economy from other low- and middle-income economies in other World Bank regions according to the World Bank classification of economies. Data are expressed as a percentage of total merchandise imports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data.; ; World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.; Weighted average;

Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Middle East & North Africa (% of total merchandise imports) in Nigeria was reported at 0.73438 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Nigeria - Merchandise imports from developing economies in Middle East & North Africa (% of total merchandise imports) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Nigeria Foodservice Market size was valued at USD 9.26 Billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 16.77 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 7.7% from 2026 to 2032.Key Market Drivers:Development and Economic Growth: One major factor propelling the foodservice industry in Nigeria is the country's increasing urbanization. About 52.5% of Nigerians live in cities as of 2023, up from 50% in 2020, which raises the need for a variety of dietary options.Growing Number of Middle-Class People: The growth of the middle class in Nigeria has increased disposable income for convenience services and eating out. Approximately 54 Million Nigerians, or more than 25% of the country's population, are middle class as of 2023, up from 17% in 2015. As customers spend more on eating experiences, this change is driving the foodservice market's expansion, especially for fast food chains and restaurants, which are predicted to rise by 10% a year.

Nigeria NG: Income Share Held by Lowest 20% data was reported at 5.400 % in 2009. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5.700 % for 2003. Nigeria NG: Income Share Held by Lowest 20% data is updated yearly, averaging 5.400 % from Dec 1985 (Median) to 2009, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.000 % in 1985 and a record low of 3.700 % in 1996. Nigeria NG: Income Share Held by Lowest 20% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

Caffeine Citrate data across five low- and middle-income countries

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ksn02v7c4

This dataset is responses from stakeholders and providers describing the demand, policies, and supply factors affecting the availability and clinical use of Caffeine Citrate (CC) across Nigeria, Ethiopia, South Africa, Kenya and five States in India (where permission was given to share with the public). The dataset covers responses on the presence or absence of caffeine citrate in the Essential Medicines List (EML) and treatment guidelines, apnea of prematurity treatment protocols and practices, different brands of drugs registered in countries, procurement information and barriers limiting access. The data gives insights into status of caffeine, the treatment practices and barriers to access in each country. Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is a common complication among preterm infants (< 37 weeks' gestation), globally. However, access to ...

Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise exports) in Nigeria was reported at 8.7805 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Nigeria - Merchandise exports to developing economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise exports) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Nigeria Food and Drink Market Outlook

In 2023, the global market size for the Nigeria food and drink industry was valued at USD 50 billion, with a forecasted growth to USD 90 billion by 2032, driven by a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5%. This robust growth is primarily fueled by increasing disposable incomes, urbanization, and changing consumer preferences towards convenience and processed foods. The market is witnessing substantial investments in infrastructure, technology, and retail innovations to cater to the evolving consumer demands.

The growth factors contributing to the expansion of the Nigeria food and drink market can be largely attributed to the country's demographic dynamics. Nigeria, with a population exceeding 200 million, has one of the fastest-growing populations in the world. This burgeoning population, coupled with a rising middle class, has led to an increased demand for diverse food and beverage products. Urbanization is another critical factor, as more Nigerians move to cities, where they experience higher incomes and access to a wider variety of food options, including international cuisines and convenience foods, thereby driving market growth.

Furthermore, Nigeria's economic reforms and government initiatives aimed at improving agricultural productivity have significantly boosted the food and drink sector. Policies such as the Agricultural Promotion Policy (APP) and incentives for local food production aim to reduce dependency on imports and enhance food security. These efforts have encouraged investments in food processing industries, fostering local production and reducing prices, making food products more accessible to the average consumer. Additionally, the government's focus on improving infrastructure, such as transportation and storage facilities, has facilitated better market linkages and supply chain efficiencies.

Technological advancements and innovations in the food and beverage industry are also pivotal to the market's growth. The adoption of modern farming techniques, food processing technologies, and advancements in packaging have improved the quality and shelf-life of food products. The rise of e-commerce platforms has further transformed the distribution landscape, providing consumers with the convenience of online grocery shopping. Companies are leveraging data analytics to understand consumer preferences and tailor their products accordingly, enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty.

On a regional level, the market outlook for Nigeria's food and drink industry is quite promising. The South-West region, home to Lagos, the commercial hub of Nigeria, represents the largest market due to its dense population and higher purchasing power. Other regions, such as the North-West and South-South, are also experiencing significant growth, driven by improving economic conditions and infrastructural developments. The regional diversity in terms of consumer preferences and local cuisines presents both opportunities and challenges for market players looking to cater to a wide array of tastes and preferences.

Product Type Analysis

The Nigeria food and drink market is segmented into two main product types: food and beverages. The food segment encompasses a wide range of products, including staples such as rice, maize, and wheat, as well as processed foods, snacks, and ready-to-eat meals. This segment is driven by the increasing demand for convenience foods as busy lifestyles and urbanization take center stage. Consumers are shifting towards ready-to-eat meals and packaged foods that offer ease of preparation without compromising on taste and nutrition. The rising trend of healthy eating has also led to a surge in demand for organic and natural food products, further fueling the growth of the food segment.

The beverage segment includes both alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks such as water, soft drinks, juices, coffee, tea, beer, wine, and spirits. The growth in this segment is attributed to the rising disposable incomes, changing consumer lifestyles, and increasing awareness about health and wellness. Non-alcoholic beverages, particularly bottled water and fruit juices, are gaining popularity as consumers seek healthier alternatives to sugary drinks. The alcoholic beverage market, on the other hand, is driven by the increasing social acceptance of moderate alcohol consumption and the proliferation of pubs, bars, and restaurants in urban areas. Innovations in product offerings, such as low-calorie and functional beverages, are also contributing to the growth of the beverage segment.

Nigeria NG: Imports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports: Within Region data was reported at 4.498 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.239 % for 2015. Nigeria NG: Imports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports: Within Region data is updated yearly, averaging 1.208 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 56 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.836 % in 2001 and a record low of 0.123 % in 1962. Nigeria NG: Imports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Imports: Within Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank.WDI: Imports. Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies within region are the sum of merchandise imports by the reporting economy from other low- and middle-income economies in the same World Bank region according to the World Bank classification of economies. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise imports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data. No figures are shown for high-income economies, because they are a separate category in the World Bank classification of economies.; ; World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.; Weighted average;

Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise imports) in Nigeria was reported at 7.8532 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Nigeria - Merchandise imports from developing economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise imports) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Europe & Central Asia (% of total merchandise exports) in Nigeria was reported at 1.8132 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Nigeria - Merchandise exports to developing economies in Europe & Central Asia (% of total merchandise exports) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

This data-set is the result principal component analysis of residents level of satisfaction with their modifications and readaptation of outdoor spaces in the middle income housing estates in Enugu Metropolis Nigeria. They responded on variables based on a 5-point Likert scale namely, very high, high, moderate, low and very low which were then collapsed into ten factors or components representing their level of satisfaction.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been an historic challenge to public health and behavior change programs. In low -and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Nigeria, there have been challenges in promoting vaccination. Vaccine hesitancy and social norms related to vaccination may be important factors in promoting or inhibiting not only COVID vaccination, but other routine vaccinations as well. The aim of this study was to conduct a national-level quasi-experimental evaluation of a social media based COVID-19 vaccination promotion campaign in Nigeria run in 2022. We followed a longitudinal cohort of Nigerians (at baseline) drawn from all 37 states in Nigeria over a 10-month period. This was done at 3 time points to evaluate psychosocial predictors of vaccination and vaccination outcomes following a theory of change based on Diffusion of Innovations, Social Norms Theory, and the Motivation, Opportunity, Ability (MOA) Framework. In a quasi-experimental design, participants in 6 Nigerian states where the social media campaign was run (treatment) were compared to participants from non-treatment states. This study highlights new social media-based data collection techniques. The study found that vaccination rates increased in treatment states compared to non-treatment states, and that these effects were strongest between baseline and first follow up (December 2021 to March 2022). We also found that more pro-vaccination social norms at one time point are associated with higher vaccination rates at a later time point. Social media campaigns are a promising approach to increasing vaccination at scale in LMICs, and social norms are an important factor in promoting vaccination, which is consistent with the Social Norms Theory. We describe implications for future vaccination campaigns and identify future research priorities in this area.

Explore The Human Capital Report dataset for insights into Human Capital Index, Development, and World Rankings. Find data on Probability of Survival to Age 5, Expected Years of School, Harmonized Test Scores, and more.

Low income, Upper middle income, Lower middle income, High income, Human Capital Index (Lower Bound), Human Capital Index, Human Capital Index (Upper Bound), Probability of Survival to Age 5, Expected Years of School, Harmonized Test Scores, Learning-Adjusted Years of School, Fraction of Children Under 5 Not Stunted, Adult Survival Rate, Development, Human Capital, World Rankings

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Last year edition of the World Economic Forum Human Capital Report explored the factors contributing to the development of an educated, productive and healthy workforce. This year edition deepens the analysis by focusing on a number of key issues that can support better design of education policy and future workforce planning.

Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Latin America & the Caribbean (% of total merchandise exports) in Nigeria was reported at 3.1706 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Nigeria - Merchandise exports to developing economies in Latin America & the Caribbean (% of total merchandise exports) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Nigeria NG: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: Within Region data was reported at 12.239 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 12.485 % for 2015. Nigeria NG: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: Within Region data is updated yearly, averaging 6.409 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 56 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.485 % in 2015 and a record low of 0.693 % in 1960. Nigeria NG: Exports: Low- and Middle-Income Economies: % of Total Goods Exports: Within Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank: Exports. Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to other low- and middle-income economies in the same World Bank region as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data. No figures are shown for high-income economies, because they are a separate category in the World Bank classification of economies.; ; World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.; Weighted average;