This annual study provides migration pattern data for the United States by State or by county and are available for inflows (the number of new residents who moved to a State or county and where they migrated from) and outflows (the number of residents who left a State or county and where they moved to). The data include the number of returns filed, number of personal exemptions claimed, total adjusted gross income, and aggregate migration flows at the State level, by the size of adjusted gross income (AGI) and by age of the primary taxpayer. Data are collected and based on year-to-year address changes reported on U.S. Individual Income Tax Returns (Form 1040) filed with the IRS. SOI collects these data as part of its Individual Income Tax Return (Form 1040) Statistics program, Data by Geographic Areas, U.S. Population Migration Data.

United States US: Net Migration data was reported at 4,500,000.000 Person in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 4,500,000.000 Person for 2012. United States US: Net Migration data is updated yearly, averaging 4,213,405.500 Person from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2017, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,612,074.000 Person in 1997 and a record low of 1,549,465.000 Person in 1967. United States US: Net Migration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens. Data are five-year estimates.; ; United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Sum;

VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR Migration (EQ4)

FULL MEASURE NAME Migration flows

LAST UPDATED December 2018

DESCRIPTION Migration refers to the movement of people from one location to another, typically crossing a county or regional boundary. Migration captures both voluntary relocation – for example, moving to another region for a better job or lower home prices – and involuntary relocation as a result of displacement. The dataset includes metropolitan area, regional, and county tables.

DATA SOURCE American Community Survey County-to-County Migration Flows 2012-2015 5-year rolling average http://www.census.gov/topics/population/migration/data/tables.All.html

CONTACT INFORMATION vitalsigns.info@bayareametro.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator) Data for migration comes from the American Community Survey; county-to-county flow datasets experience a longer lag time than other standard datasets available in FactFinder. 5-year rolling average data was used for migration for all geographies, as the Census Bureau does not release 1-year annual data. Data is not available at any geography below the county level; note that flows that are relatively small on the county level are often within the margin of error. The metropolitan area comparison was performed for the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area, in addition to the primary MSAs for the nine other major metropolitan areas, by aggregating county data based on current metropolitan area boundaries. Data prior to 2011 is not available on Vital Signs due to inconsistent Census formats and a lack of net migration statistics for prior years. Only counties with a non-negligible flow are shown in the data; all other pairs can be assumed to have zero migration.

Given that the vast majority of migration out of the region was to other counties in California, California counties were bundled into the following regions for simplicity: Bay Area: Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, Sonoma Central Coast: Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz Central Valley: Fresno, Kern, Kings, Madera, Merced, Tulare Los Angeles + Inland Empire: Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura Sacramento: El Dorado, Placer, Sacramento, Sutter, Yolo, Yuba San Diego: San Diego San Joaquin Valley: San Joaquin, Stanislaus Rural: all other counties (23)

One key limitation of the American Community Survey migration data is that it is not able to track emigration (movement of current U.S. residents to other countries). This is despite the fact that it is able to quantify immigration (movement of foreign residents to the U.S.), generally by continent of origin. Thus the Vital Signs analysis focuses primarily on net domestic migration, while still specifically citing in-migration flows from countries abroad based on data availability.

Net migration for the United States was 4774029.00000 People in January of 2017, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Net migration for the United States reached a record high of 8859954.00000 in January of 1997 and a record low of 1556054.00000 in January of 1967. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Net migration for the United States - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on December of 2025.

Overview of migration-driven growth in Southern states including Texas, Georgia, and North Carolina.

Migration flows are derived from the relationship between the location of current residence in the American Community Survey (ACS) sample and the responses given to the migration question "Where did you live 1 year ago?". There are flow statistics (moved in, moved out, and net moved) between county or minor civil division (MCD) of residence and county, MCD, or world region of residence 1 year ago. Estimates for MCDs are only available for the 12 strong-MCD states, where the MCDs have the same government functions as incorporated places. Migration flows between metropolitan statistical areas are available starting with the 2009-2013 5-year ACS dataset. Flow statistics are available by three or four variables for each dataset starting with the 2006-2010 5-year ACS datasets. The variables change for each dataset and do not repeat in overlapping datasets. In addition to the flow estimates, there are supplemental statistics files that contain migration/geographical mobility estimates (e.g. nonmovers, moved to a different state, moved from abroad) for each county, MCD, or metro area.

Projected Net International Migration by Single Year of Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin for the United States: 2016-2060 // Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division // There are four projection scenarios: 1. Main series, 2. High Immigration series, 3. Low Immigration series, and 4. Zero Immigration series. // Note: Hispanic origin is considered an ethnicity, not a race. Hispanics may be of any race. // For detailed information about the methods used to create the population projections, see https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popproj/technical-documentation/methodology/methodstatement17.pdf. // Population projections are estimates of the population for future dates. They are typically based on an estimated population consistent with the most recent decennial census and are produced using the cohort-component method. Projections illustrate possible courses of population change based on assumptions about future births, deaths, net international migration, and domestic migration. The Population Estimates and Projections Program provides additional information on its website: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popproj.html.

Context

This dataset shows the state-to-state migration in the United States from 2010 to 2019.

Content

The columns in this dataset are: - current state: Current state that people reside in the year of the measurement (include District of Columbia and Puerto Rico) - year: Year of the measurement - population: Population of the current state in the year of the measurement - same house: Number of people reside in the same house as 1 year ago - same state: Number of people reside in the same state as 1 year ago - from different state Total: Total number of people from different states migrate to the current state - abroad Total: Total number of people from abroad migrate to the current state - from: Place from where people migrate to the current state. This includes 50 states, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, US Island Area, and Foreign Country - number of people: number of people from a different place (from column) migrate to the current state

Acknowledgements

Data source: US Census

Inspiration

Where do people go from/to each year? What are the factors that correlate with the migration into that state (combine with other datasets)?

This statistic shows the net percentage change in the Millennial population in the United States from 2010 to 2016, by state. In the period of 2010 to 2016, North Dakota had the largest change in Millennial population, growing ** percent.

Migration Policy Institute tabulations of the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) and Decennial Census. Unless stated otherwise, 2022 data are from the one-year ACS file.

The source link: https://www.migrationpolicy.org/data/state-profiles/state/workforce/VA

These migration data come from the Census 2000 long-form questions about residence in 1995 and provide the number of people who moved between counties. There are two files, one for inflows from every county in the United States and another re-sorted by outflows to every county. Each file contains data for all 50 states and the District of Columbia, sorted by FIPS state and county codes.

United States US: Migration Rate: per 1000 Inhabitants: Net data was reported at 3.700 NA in 2050. This stayed constant from the previous number of 3.700 NA for 2049. United States US: Migration Rate: per 1000 Inhabitants: Net data is updated yearly, averaging 3.700 NA from Jun 2001 (Median) to 2050, with 50 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.800 NA in 2041 and a record low of 2.300 NA in 2010. United States US: Migration Rate: per 1000 Inhabitants: Net data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.US Census Bureau: Demographic Projection.

Gross in- and out-migration statisitcs are provided in this file for each county (or county equivalent) in the United States. Migrant data are stratified by age, race, and sex. Included for each race/sex/age group are data on college attendance, military status, group quarters status, residence abroad in 1975, and total population. Data on country of birth are listed for race/sex strata.

Graph and download economic data for Net County-to-County Migration Flow (5-year estimate) for Centre County, PA (DISCONTINUED) (NETMIGNACS042027) from 2009 to 2020 about Centre County, PA; State College; migration; flow; PA; Net; 5-year; and population.

The IRS publishes migration data for the US population based upon the individual tax returns filed with the IRS, where they track on a year-by-year basis

• where people were coming from - the prior state of residency
• where people moving to - the new state of residency
• number of returns filed - approximate number of households that migrated
• number of exemptions - approximate number of individuals
• the adjusted gross income (AGI) - recorded in thousands of dollars

The raw data published on the IRS website clearly shows patterns of evolution - changing patterns of what is recorded, how it is record, and naming conventions used - making it a challenge to track changes in the underlying data over time. The current dataset attempts to address these shortcomings by normalizing the record layout, standardizing the conventions, and collecting the annual into a single, coherent dataset.

An individual record is laid out with 9 fields

Y1 Y1_STATE_FIPS Y1_STATE_ABBR Y1_STATE_NAME Y2 Y2_STATE_FIPS Y2_STATE_ABBR Y2_STATE_NAME NUM_RETURNS NUM_EXEMPTIONS AGI Here, Y1 refers to the first year (from where the people are migrating) while Y2 refers to the second year (to where the people are migrating). As this is annual data, Y2 should always be the next year after Y1. Associated with each year are three different ways of identifying a state - the name of the state, it's two-letter abbreviaion, and it's FIPS code. Granted, carrying around three IDs per state is redundant; however, the various IDs are useful in different contexts. One thing to note - the IRS data represents migration into and out of the country via the introduction of a fake state, identified by STATE_NAME=FOREIGN, STATE_ABBR=FR, and STATE_FIPS=57.

From any given state, the dataset records migration to 52 destinations

• either not moving, or staying in the same state
• migrating to one of the other 49 states
• migrating to Washington DC
• migrating overseas (i.e., to the FOREIGN state)

Similarly, the dataset represents the migation into any given state as being from one of 52 destinations. Typically, the numbers associated with "staying put" constitute, by far, the largest contingent of tax payers for the given state. The one exception to this description is the FOREIGN state. The dataset does not record "staying put" outside of the country; there is no record for FOREIGN-to-FOREIGN migration. As such, there are 51, not 52, destinations paired with migration to-and-from the FOREIGN state.

This data collection provides net migration estimates by age, race, and sex for counties of the United States. Population data are included along with absolute net migration data and net migration ratios (rates) for the period 1970-1980. Summary records for states, divisions, regions and the United States are also supplied. Several data categories are presented in the collection. Vital Statistics data tabulate births by sex and race (white and non white) for the periods 1970-1974 and 1975-1979 and deaths by race from 1970-1979 as well as adjusted total population for 1970 and 1980 by race. The Enumerated and Adjusted 1970 and 1980 Population categories offer population totals by race and sex and further subdivide these totals into 16 5-year age ranges. Net Migration Estimates and Net Migration Rates are available also, with totals by sex and race presented along with the 16 age divisions.

The annual net migration of the population of Ukraine, calculated as the difference between the number of inter-state immigrants and emigrants, exceeded ** thousand in 2021, marking a significant increase compared to the previous year. Since 2005, people migrating to and taking permanent residence in Ukraine have outnumbered those who left the country.

This layer was developed by the Research & Analytics Group of the Atlanta Regional Commission, using data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey 5-year estimates for 2013-2017, to show the number and percentages of migration by State of Georgia in the Atlanta region.

The user should note that American Community Survey data represent estimates derived from a surveyed sample of the population, which creates some level of uncertainty, as opposed to an exact measure of the entire population (the full census count is only conducted once every 10 years and does not cover as many detailed characteristics of the population). Therefore, any measure reported by ACS should not be taken as an exact number – this is why a corresponding margin of error (MOE) is also given for ACS measures. The size of the MOE relative to its corresponding estimate value provides an indication of confidence in the accuracy of each estimate. Each MOE is expressed in the same units as its corresponding measure; for example, if the estimate value is expressed as a number, then its MOE will also be a number; if the estimate value is expressed as a percent, then its MOE will also be a percent.

The user should also note that for relatively small geographic areas, such as census tracts shown here, ACS only releases combined 5-year estimates, meaning these estimates represent rolling averages of survey results that were collected over a 5-year span (in this case 2013-2017). Therefore, these data do not represent any one specific point in time or even one specific year. For geographic areas with larger populations, 3-year and 1-year estimates are also available.

For further explanation of ACS estimates and margin of error, visit Census ACS website.

Naming conventions:

Prefixes:

None

Count

p

Percent

r

Rate

m

Median

a

Mean (average)

t

Aggregate (total)

ch

Change in absolute terms (value in t2 - value in t1)

pch

Percent change ((value in t2 - value in t1) / value in t1)

chp

Change in percent (percent in t2 - percent in t1)

Suffixes:

None

Change over two periods

_e

Estimate from most recent ACS

_m

Margin of Error from most recent ACS

_00

Decennial 2000

Attributes:

SumLevel

Summary level of geographic unit (e.g., County, Tract, NSA, NPU, DSNI, SuperDistrict, etc)

GEOID

Census tract Federal Information Processing Series (FIPS) code

NAME

Name of geographic unit

Planning_Region

Planning region designation for ARC purposes

Acres

Total area within the tract (in acres)

SqMi

Total area within the tract (in square miles)

County

County identifier (combination of Federal Information Processing Series (FIPS) codes for state and county)

CountyName

County Name

Pop1P_e

# Population ages 1 year and over, 2017

Pop1P_m

# Population ages 1 year and over, 2017 (MOE)

SameHouse_e

# Living in the same house as 1 year ago, 2017

SameHouse_m

# Living in the same house as 1 year ago, 2017 (MOE)

pSameHouse_e

% Living in the same house as 1 year ago, 2017

pSameHouse_m

% Living in the same house as 1 year ago, 2017 (MOE)

DiffHouseInUS_e

# Living in a different house in the U.S. 1 year ago, 2017

DiffHouseInUS_m

# Living in a different house in the U.S. 1 year ago, 2017 (MOE)

pDiffHouseInUS_e

% Living in a different house in the U.S. 1 year ago, 2017

pDiffHouseInUS_m

% Living in a different house in the U.S. 1 year ago, 2017 (MOE)

SameCounty_e

# Living in a different house in the same county 1 year ago, 2017

SameCounty_m

# Living in a different house in the same county 1 year ago, 2017 (MOE)

pSameCounty_e

% Living in a different house in the same county 1 year ago, 2017

pSameCounty_m

% Living in a different house in the same county 1 year ago, 2017 (MOE)

DiffCounty_e

# Living in a different county 1 year ago, 2017

DiffCounty_m

# Living in a different county 1 year ago, 2017 (MOE)

pDiffCounty_e

% Living in a different county 1 year ago, 2017

pDiffCounty_m

% Living in a different county 1 year ago, 2017 (MOE)

SameState_e

# Living in a different county, same state 1 year ago, 2017

SameState_m

# Living in a different county, same state 1 year ago, 2017 (MOE)

pSameState_e

% Living in a different county, same state 1 year ago, 2017

pSameState_m

% Living in a different county, same state 1 year ago, 2017 (MOE)

Diff_State_e

# Living in a different state 1 year ago, 2017

Diff_State_m

# Living in a different state 1 year ago, 2017 (MOE)

pDiff_State_e

% Living in a different state 1 year ago, 2017

pDiff_State_m

% Living in a different state 1 year ago, 2017 (MOE)

Abroad_e

# Living abroad 1 year ago, 2017

Abroad_m

# Living abroad 1 year ago, 2017 (MOE)

pAbroad_e

% Living abroad 1 year ago, 2017

pAbroad_m

% Living abroad 1 year ago, 2017 (MOE)

Moved_e

# Moved in the last year, 2017

Moved_m

# Moved in the last year, 2017 (MOE)

pMoved_e

% Moved in the last year, 2017

pMoved_m

% Moved in the last year, 2017 (MOE)

last_edited_date

Last date the feature was edited by ARC

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Atlanta Regional Commission

Date: 2013-2017

For additional information, please visit the Census ACS website.

The IRS Statistics of Income Division (SOI), in collaboration with the U.S. Census Bureau, has released migration data for the United States for several decades. These data are an important source of information detailing the movement of individuals from one location to another. SOI bases these data on year-to-year address changes reported on individual income tax returns filed with the IRS. They present migration patterns by State or by county for the entire United States and are available for inflows—the number of new residents who moved to a State or county and where they migrated from, and outflows—the number of residents leaving a State or county and where they went. The data are available for Filing Years 1991 through 2016 and include:

• Number of returns filed, which approximates the number of households that migrated
• Number of personal exemptions claimed, which approximates the number of individuals
• Total adjusted gross income, starting with Filing Year 1995
• Aggregate migration flows at the State level, by the size of adjusted gross income (AGI) and age of the primary taxpayer, starting with Filing Year 2011.

Graph and download economic data for Net migration for the United States (SMPOPNETMUSA) from 1962 to 2017 about migration, Net, 5-year, population, and USA.