The study of the patterns and evolution of international migration often requires high-frequency data on migration flows on a global scale. However, the presently existing databases force a researcher to choose between the frequency of the data and its geographical scale. Yearly data exist but only for a small subset of countries, while most others are only covered every 5 to 10 years. To fill in the gaps in the coverage, the vast majority of databases use some imputation method. Gaps in the stock of migrants are often filled by combining information on migrants based on their country of birth with data based on nationality or using ‘model’ countries and propensity methods. Gaps in the data on the flow of migrants, on the other hand, are often filled by taking the difference in the stock, which the ’demographic accounting’ methods then adjust for demographic evolutions.

This database aims to fill this gap by providing a global, yearly, bilateral database on the stock of migrants according to their country of birth. This database contains close to 2.9 million observations on over 56,000 country pairs from 1960 to 2022, a tenfold increase relative to the second-largest database. In addition, it also produces an estimate of the net flow of migrants. For a subset of countries –over 8,000 country pairs and half a million observations– we also have lower-bound estimates of the gross in- and outflow.

This database was constructed using a novel approach to estimating the most likely values of missing migration stocks and flows. Specifically, we use a Bayesian state-space model to combine the information from multiple datasets on both stocks and flows into a single estimate. Like the demographic accounting technique, the state-space model is built on the demographic relationship between migrant stocks, flows, births and deaths. The most crucial difference is that the state-space model combines the information from multiple databases, including those covering migrant stocks, net flows, and gross flows.

More details on the construction can currently be found in the UNU-CRIS working paper: Standaert, Samuel and Rayp, Glenn (2022) "Where Did They Come From, Where Did They Go? Bridging the Gaps in Migration Data" UNU-CRIS working paper 22.04. Bruges.

https://cris.unu.edu/where-did-they-come-where-did-they-go-bridging-gaps-migration-data

Abstract

This dataset, a product of the Trade Team - Development Research Group, is part of a larger effort in the group to measure the extent of the brain drain as part of the International Migration and Development Program. It measures international skilled migration for the years 1975-2000.

The methodology is explained in: "Tendance de long terme des migrations internationals. Analyse à partir des 6 principaux pays recerveurs", Cécily Defoort.

This data set uses the same methodology as used in the Docquier-Marfouk data set on international migration by educational attainment. The authors use data from 6 key receiving countries in the OECD: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the UK and the US.

It is estimated that the data represent approximately 77 percent of the world’s migrant population.

Bilateral brain drain rates are estimated based observations for every five years, during the period 1975-2000.

Geographic coverage

Australia, Canada, France, Germany, UK and US

Kind of data

Aggregate data [agg]

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

Database Migration Service Market Outlook

The global Database Migration Service market size was valued at approximately USD 4.5 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach around USD 14 billion by 2032, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.5% during the forecast period. The primary growth driver for this market is the increasing need for efficient management and migration of data across different platforms and systems, spurred by the growing adoption of cloud-based solutions among enterprises.

One of the major growth factors for the database migration service market is the rising adoption of cloud computing worldwide. Enterprises are increasingly moving their applications and databases to the cloud to leverage the benefits of scalability, flexibility, and cost reduction. Cloud-based database migration services are thus in high demand as they facilitate seamless and efficient data transfer from on-premises systems to cloud environments. The increasing use of cloud technologies across various industries is therefore a significant driver for the market.

Another contributing factor to the growth of this market is the rapid digital transformation across industries. Companies are modernizing their IT infrastructure to stay competitive, which often involves migrating legacy systems and databases to more modern and efficient platforms. This trend is particularly evident in sectors such as BFSI, healthcare, and retail, where large volumes of data need to be managed and utilized effectively. Database migration services enable these organizations to perform this transition smoothly, ensuring data integrity and minimizing downtime.

Furthermore, the growing trend of mergers and acquisitions among organizations is also boosting the demand for database migration services. When companies merge or acquire other businesses, they often face the challenge of integrating disparate systems and databases. Database migration services provide the necessary tools and expertise to merge these systems seamlessly, ensuring continuity of operations and data consistency. This factor is expected to continue driving the market growth in the coming years.

In the context of digital transformation, Application Modernization and Migration Service has emerged as a crucial enabler for businesses seeking to update their legacy systems. This service involves re-architecting, re-coding, and migrating applications to modern platforms, often leveraging cloud technologies. By doing so, organizations can enhance their operational efficiency, reduce costs, and improve scalability. The demand for these services is growing as companies recognize the need to stay competitive in an increasingly digital world. Application Modernization and Migration Service not only facilitates the seamless transition of applications but also ensures they are optimized for future technological advancements, thereby providing a strategic advantage.

Regionally, North America holds the largest share of the database migration service market, driven by the presence of major technology companies, high adoption of advanced technologies, and significant investments in IT infrastructure. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, at a CAGR of 15%, due to the rapid digital transformation, increasing adoption of cloud services, and growing number of SMEs in countries like China and India.

Type Analysis

The database migration service market by type is segmented into cloud-based and on-premises. Cloud-based database migration services are gaining substantial traction due to their scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. These services allow enterprises to migrate their databases without the need for extensive hardware investments, providing a more streamlined and efficient approach to data management. The cloud-based segment is expected to witness significant growth, driven by the increasing adoption of cloud technologies across various industries.

Cloud-based solutions also offer the advantage of reduced downtime during migration. Traditional on-premises migrations can be time-consuming and disruptive, but cloud-based services enable organizations to migrate their databases with minimal impact on their daily operations. This feature is particularly beneficial for enterprises that require high availability and cannot afford prolonged downtime. Furthermore, cloud-bas

The Database Migration Solutions market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing adoption of cloud computing, the need for data modernization, and the ever-growing volume of data generated by businesses across various sectors. The market, estimated at $25 billion in 2025, is projected to maintain a healthy Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated market value of approximately $70 billion by 2033. This growth is fueled by several key trends, including the migration from on-premise legacy systems to cloud-based solutions (AWS, Azure, GCP), the rising demand for data analytics and business intelligence initiatives requiring streamlined data access, and the increasing adoption of hybrid and multi-cloud strategies. Companies are actively seeking solutions to minimize downtime and data loss during migrations, leading to increased demand for sophisticated migration tools and services. However, market growth is somewhat tempered by factors such as the complexity and cost associated with database migrations, security concerns around data breaches during the migration process, and the potential for skill gaps in managing these complex transitions. The competitive landscape is dominated by major cloud providers like Google Cloud, IBM, AWS, and Alibaba Cloud, along with specialized database migration solution providers such as Veritas, MMC Global, and others. These companies are constantly innovating, offering a range of services from automated tools to comprehensive managed services to address the diverse needs of their clients. The market is segmented by deployment (cloud, on-premise, hybrid), service type (consulting, managed services, software), and organization size (SMEs, large enterprises). North America currently holds the largest market share, owing to early adoption of cloud technologies and a strong technological infrastructure. However, other regions, particularly Asia-Pacific, are exhibiting rapid growth due to increasing digitalization and economic expansion. The long-term outlook for the Database Migration Solutions market remains highly positive, reflecting the ongoing digital transformation efforts of businesses worldwide.

KNOMAD, the Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development, is a brain trust for the global migration community. It is an open, inclusive, multidisciplinary knowledge partnership that draws on experts to create and synthesize knowledge for use by policy makers in sending, receiving and transit countries. KNOMAD aims to generate a menu of policy choices, based on analytical evidence, evaluation of policies, data collection, and quality control through peer-review. It provides technical assistance and undertakes pilot projects. KNOMAD works in close coordination with the Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD) and the U.N. agencies working on migration.

For further details, please refer to https://www.knomad.org/data/faqs

This collection includes only a subset of indicators from the source dataset.

This annual study provides migration pattern data for the United States by State or by county and are available for inflows (the number of new residents who moved to a State or county and where they migrated from) and outflows (the number of residents who left a State or county and where they moved to). The data include the number of returns filed, number of personal exemptions claimed, total adjusted gross income, and aggregate migration flows at the State level, by the size of adjusted gross income (AGI) and by age of the primary taxpayer. Data are collected and based on year-to-year address changes reported on U.S. Individual Income Tax Returns (Form 1040) filed with the IRS. SOI collects these data as part of its Individual Income Tax Return (Form 1040) Statistics program, Data by Geographic Areas, U.S. Population Migration Data.

The global Database Migration Service market is projected to reach USD XXX million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period (2025-2033). The market is driven by factors such as increasing data volumes, the need for data modernization, and the growing adoption of cloud computing. The market is segmented by type (live migration, cold migration) and application (large enterprise, SMEs). North America is the largest market for Database Migration Services, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. The growth in these regions is attributed to the presence of large enterprises and the increasing adoption of cloud computing. The key players in the market include Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Oracle, IBM, HUAWEI, Alibaba, Tencent, Pythian, and Virtual-DBA. These players offer a range of database migration services, including data assessment, migration planning, and data transfer. The market is expected to witness further growth in the coming years, as enterprises continue to migrate their data to the cloud. Database migration services are crucial in the current technological landscape, enabling organizations to seamlessly move their data between different database platforms. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the database migration service market, focusing on key concentration areas, product insights, regional trends, and industry developments.

The Database Migration Service (DMS) market, currently valued at $11.46 billion (2025), is experiencing robust growth, projected to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 19% from 2025 to 2033. This surge is driven by several key factors. The increasing adoption of cloud computing necessitates efficient and reliable database migration solutions. Organizations are actively migrating their on-premise databases to cloud platforms like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud to leverage scalability, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced security features. Furthermore, the rising volume of data generated across various industries necessitates robust DMS solutions capable of handling large-scale migrations with minimal downtime. The growing complexity of databases, coupled with the need for data modernization, further fuels the demand for sophisticated DMS tools. This market is witnessing innovation across various segments, including migration services for different database types (e.g., relational, NoSQL), managed services offerings, and specialized tools for specific cloud platforms. Leading technology vendors like Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and Oracle are actively developing and improving their DMS offerings, fostering competition and driving innovation in this rapidly evolving landscape. The competitive landscape is characterized by both large established players and specialized service providers. Hyper-scalers like Amazon, Google, and Microsoft offer integrated DMS solutions within their cloud ecosystems, while companies like Oracle, IBM, and VMware provide enterprise-grade solutions tailored to specific needs. Smaller, specialized vendors focus on niche markets or specific database technologies, providing tailored support and expertise. Regional variations in adoption rates are expected, with North America and Europe leading the market initially, followed by Asia-Pacific and other regions as cloud adoption matures and digital transformation initiatives gain traction. The market’s growth trajectory indicates a continued need for advanced DMS solutions to address the challenges and opportunities presented by the ever-increasing volume and complexity of data. The sustained high CAGR suggests that this market is ripe for further innovation and expansion across diverse industries and geographical locations.

The MIrreM Public Database on Irregular Migration Stock Estimates (the Database) provides an inventory and critical appraisal of country-level estimates of irregular migration stocks in 13 European countries, the United States and Canada for the period 2008 to 2023. It is a deliverable of the MIrreM project, which is a follow-up to Clandestino. Clandestino covered the period 2000-2008.

Users of the Database are advised to consult the following companion documents:

The README File (version 3), which can be accessed alongside the Database, and contains contextual and technical information about the Database.

Discussion of the context, the underlying concepts, and the methodology used in the data collection and quality assessment: Vargas-Silva, C., Leerkes A., Kierans, D., Siruno, L. and Kraler, A. (2025). Tools for collecting information on irregular migration estimates and indicators. Open Research Europe 5:176. https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.20695.1

Analysis of the stock estimates: Kierans, D. and Vargas-Silva, C. (2024). The Irregular Migrant Population of Europe. MIrreM Working Paper No. 11. Krems: University for Continuing Education Krems (Danube University Krems). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13857073

Furthermore, users of the Database are notified of a ‘sister’ database of the MIrreM project, which captures and assesses estimates and indicators of irregular migration flows over the same period, the MIrreM Public Database on Irregular Migration Flow Estimates and Indicators and accompanying analysis:

Siruno, L., Leerkes, A., Badre, A., Bircan, T., Brunovská, E., Cacciapaglia, M., Carvalho, J., Cassain, L., Cyrus, N., Desmond, A., Fihel, A., Finotelli, C., Ghio, D., Hendow, M., Heylin, R., Jauhiainen, J.S., Jovanovic, K., Kierans, D., Mohan, S.S., Nikolova, M., Oruc, N., Ramos, M.P.G., Rössl, L., Sağiroğlu, A.Z., Santos, S., Schütze, T., & Sohst, R.R. (2024) MIrreM Public Database on Irregular Migration Flow Estimates and Indicators. Krems: University for Continuing Education Krems (Danube University Krems). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10813413.

Siruno, L., Leerkes, A., Hendow, M. & Brunovksá, E. (2024) Working Paper on Irregular Migration Flows. MIrreM Working Paper No. 9. Krems: University for Continuing Education Krems (Danube University Krems). https://zenodo.org/records/10702228

Data Migration Market size was valued at USD 8.20 billion in 2021 and is predicted to reach USD 33.58 billion by 2030.

The DEMIG-QuantMig Migration Policy Database tracks more than 7'600 migration policy changes enacted by 31 European (EU and non-EU) countries for the period 1990 to 2020. This database extendeds and updates the DEMIG POLICY database (https://www.migrationinstitute.org/data/demig-data/demig-policy) and follows the same methodology. The policy measures are coded according to the policy area and migrant group targeted, as well as the change in restrictiveness they introduce in the existing legal system. The database allows for both quantitative and qualitative research on the long-term evolution and effectiveness of migration policies.

Global Data Migration Market is growing at a CAGR of 20.6% during the forecast period 2024-2031

Historical Migration Statistics brings together migration statistics from 1945 through to the present day.

In interpreting these statistics it should be noted that the classification of regions and country names has changed over time and that the way migration statistics are reported has also changed. From October 1945 to June 1959, migration statistics included permanent and long-term arrivals. Today, we have various components - the Migration Program, Humanitarian Program and Non-Program migration (mainly New Zealand citizens) reported as permanent additions to Australia's resident population.

Data Centre Migration Services Market Outlook

The global market for data centre migration services was valued at approximately USD 8.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 23.7 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 12.1% during the forecast period. This market size expansion can be attributed to the rising demand for efficient data management solutions, the proliferation of cloud computing, and the need to modernize IT infrastructure across industries.

One of the primary growth factors driving the data centre migration services market is the increasing adoption of cloud computing technologies. As businesses continue to migrate their data and applications to the cloud for better scalability, cost-efficiency, and flexibility, there is a corresponding surge in demand for expert migration services. Cloud migration not only helps organizations reduce their operational costs but also enhances their ability to innovate and respond swiftly to market changes. This trend is particularly prevalent among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that seek to leverage the advantages of cloud platforms without significant upfront investments in physical infrastructure.

Another significant driver is the ongoing digital transformation across various industry verticals. Enterprises are increasingly investing in advanced IT solutions to stay competitive and meet evolving customer expectations. The need to upgrade legacy systems and integrate new technologies necessitates the migration of data centres. As a result, companies are turning to specialized service providers to ensure smooth transitions, minimize downtime, and mitigate risks associated with data loss or security breaches. This trend is especially pronounced in sectors such as BFSI, healthcare, and retail, where data integrity and seamless operations are critical.

The rising focus on data security and regulatory compliance also fuels the demand for data centre migration services. With the advent of stringent data protection regulations such as GDPR in Europe and CCPA in California, organizations are compelled to reassess their data management practices. Migration services help companies align their IT infrastructure with these regulatory requirements, ensuring data is securely transferred and managed. Furthermore, the increasing incidence of cyber threats and data breaches underscores the importance of adopting robust migration strategies to safeguard sensitive information during the transition process.

As organizations increasingly turn to Cloud Migration Services, they are discovering a range of benefits that extend beyond mere cost savings. These services enable businesses to transition their data and applications to cloud environments with minimal disruption, ensuring continuity and operational efficiency. The flexibility offered by cloud platforms allows companies to scale their resources according to demand, which is particularly advantageous in today's dynamic market conditions. Furthermore, cloud migration services provide enhanced security features, safeguarding sensitive data against potential breaches. This shift not only supports business agility but also fosters innovation by enabling access to advanced cloud-native technologies and tools.

Regionally, North America dominates the data centre migration services market, owing to the presence of numerous technology giants and early adopters of advanced IT solutions. The region's well-established IT infrastructure and high concentration of cloud service providers drive the demand for migration services. However, Asia Pacific is anticipated to witness the highest growth during the forecast period, driven by rapid economic development, increasing IT investments, and burgeoning digitalization efforts across countries like China and India. The region's growing emphasis on smart city projects and IoT adoption further propels the need for efficient data centre migration solutions.

Service Type Analysis

The data centre migration services market is segmented by service type into cloud migration, application migration, server migration, database migration, and others. Cloud migration services dominate this segment due to the widespread shift towards cloud computing across various industries. These services facilitate the seamless transfer of applications, data, and workloads to cloud environments, offering organizations enhanced scalability, agility, and cost savings. Cloud migration is particularly appealing to enterprises loo

The Global Data Migration Market size is expected to reach $31.71 billion by 2031, rising at a market growth of 12.0% CAGR during the forecast period. Businesses are increasingly migrating product catalogs, inventory databases, and manufacturing data to cloud-based and AI-powered platforms to enhanc

Get key insights from Market Research Intellect's Data Migration Software Market Report, valued at USD 5.8 billion in 2024, and forecast to grow to USD 12.3 billion by 2033, with a CAGR of 10.8% (2026-2033).

This Public Database on Irregular Migration Flow Estimates and Indicators, in short MIrreM D5.2, is a MIrreM project deliverable under work package 5. This database provides an inventory and critical appraisal of available estimates and indicators related to irregular migration flows. More specifically, the database contains the country-level data collected by MIrreM’s national rapporteurs, as well as EU-level data from sources other than Eurostat. The datasets include meta-level information on sources and methodology and a quality assessment based on MIrreM’s criteria.

Users of this database are advised to consult the following companion document (henceforth, MIrreM Working Paper No. 9/2024) for a full discussion of the context, the underlying concepts, and the methodology used:

Siruno, L., Leerkes, A., Hendow, M. & Brunovská, E. 2024. Working Paper on Irregular Migration Flows. MIrreM Working Paper No. 9. Krems: University for Continuing Education Krems (Danube University Krems). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo. 10702228.

The MIrreM project is a follow-up to CLANDESTINO, which covered the period 2000-2007. MIrreM extends this to the subsequent period 2008-2023. The data covered in this database reflect what is available within this period. Most of the data was collected between June and October 2023, and thus in some cases, the data are only until 2022 pending complete reports for 2023.

A report that provides an overview of the previous 10 years of Migration Program outcomes.

These de-identified statistics are periodically checked for privacy and other compliance requirements. The statistics were temporarily removed in March 2024 in response to a question about privacy within the emerging technological environment. Following a thorough review and risk assessment, the Department of Home Affairs has republished the dataset.

United States US: Net Migration data was reported at 4,500,000.000 Person in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 4,500,000.000 Person for 2012. United States US: Net Migration data is updated yearly, averaging 4,213,405.500 Person from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2017, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,612,074.000 Person in 1997 and a record low of 1,549,465.000 Person in 1967. United States US: Net Migration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens. Data are five-year estimates.; ; United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Sum;