This report was released in September 2010. However, recent demographic data is available on the datastore - you may find other datasets on the Datastore useful such as: GLA Population Projections, National Insurance Number Registrations of Overseas Nationals, Births by Birthplace of Mother, Births and Fertility Rates, Office for National Statistics (ONS) Population Estimates

FOCUSON**LONDON**2010:**POPULATION**AND**MIGRATION**

London is the United Kingdom’s only city region. Its population of 7.75 million is 12.5 per cent of the UK population living on just 0.6 per cent of the land area. London’s average population density is over 4,900 persons per square kilometre, this is ten times that of the second most densely populated region.

Between 2001 and 2009 London’s population grew by over 430 thousand, more than any other region, accounting for over 16 per cent of the UK increase.

This report discusses in detail the population of London including Population Age Structure, Fertility and Mortality, Internal Migration, International Migration, Population Turnover and Churn, and Demographic Projections.

Population and Migration report is the first release of the Focus on London 2010-12 series. Reports on themes such as Income, Poverty, Labour Market, Skills, Health, and Housing are also available.

REPORT:

Read the full report in PDF format.

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PRESENTATION:

To access an interactive presentation about population changes in London click the link to see it on Prezi.com

DATA:

To access a spreadsheet with all the data from the Population and Migration report click on the image below.

Report data

MAP:

To enter an interactive map showing a number of indicators discussed in the Population and Migration report click on the image below.

Interactive Maps

FACTS:

● Top five boroughs for babies born per 10,000 population in 2008-09:

1. Newham – 244.4
2. Barking and Dagenham – 209.3
3. Hackney – 205.7
4. Waltham Forest – 202.7
5. Greenwich – 196.2

-32. Havering – 116.8

-33. City of London – 47.0

● In 2009, Barnet overtook Croydon as the most populous London borough. Prior to this Croydon had been the largest since 1966

● Population per hectare of land used for Domestic building and gardens is highest in Tower Hamlets

● In 2008-09, natural change (births minus deaths) led to 78,000 more Londoners compared with only 8,000 due to migration. read more about this or click play on the chart below to reveal how regional components of populations change have altered over time.

Introduction

The 2023 mid-year estimate (MYE) is the current official estimate of the population for local authorities in England and Wales. Estimates are produced annually by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and the 2023 MYE was published on 15 July 2024.

Comparison to previous MYE data

The previous MYE series (for the period 2012-2020) starts with the 2011 census estimate. Each subsequent year’s population is calculated by adding estimates of births, deaths and migration to the previous year’s population. The 2021 MYE represents a break in this series as it uses the 2021 census as its base.

The ONS revised the 2012-2020 MYE series to bring it in line with the 2021 MYE, so that comparisons could be made between between this series and the previous series. The values plotted on the chart are the revised values of the previously published estimates for 2011 to 2022, together with the estimates for 2023.

Key Points

• London’s mid-2023 population was 8.945 million
• London’s population increased by 76,300 persons compared to the previous mid-year value
• Components of change were as follows:
• 105,100 births and 53,500 deaths (natural change of 51,600)
• Net domestic migration was an outflow of 129,200
• Net international migration was an inflow of 154,100

Population Change

London’s 2023 population was 8,945,310. The first chart below shows the 2023 MYE in the context of previous estimates. There is an uptick after a temporary decrease in population which we attribute to the COVID-19 pandemic.

https://cdn.datapress.cloud/london/img/dataset/763802e7-af17-4b77-995d-44c494fb68af/2025-06-09T20%3A56%3A29/666cd938678c5361c953cb608e532416.webp" width="1152" alt="Embedded Image" />

Components of Change

Births, deaths and migration form the components of population change.

The 2023 MYE value for births was 4% lower than that in 2022, and for deaths 3% higher. The consequent value for natural change (births - deaths) was 10% lower than in 2022.

At -129,000, the value for domestic migration (migration within the UK) was nearly 3% higher than the 2022 value, so still significantly lower than the peak net outflow during the COVID-19 pandemic of -186,000. An outflow of domestic migrants from London is normal and this has been the case each year for the last two decades. This flow is partly because many international in-migrants initially settle in London before moving out to other parts of the UK. The second move in this sequence is counted as a domestic migration.

There has been a marked change in immigration since 2021. This can be attributed to the end of free movement for EU nationals, easing of travel restrictions following the COVID 19 pandemic, and the war in Ukraine. At over 150,000, the 2023 MYE value for London’s net international migration was more than 18% higher than 2022, and represents a considerable increase from 78,000 in 2021.

https://cdn.datapress.cloud/london/img/dataset/763802e7-af17-4b77-995d-44c494fb68af/2025-06-09T20%3A56%3A29/cb537d44954e11f7f7b7e2189ae74629.webp" width="1152" alt="Embedded Image" />

Age structure of the population

https://cdn.datapress.cloud/london/img/dataset/763802e7-af17-4b77-995d-44c494fb68af/2025-06-09T20%3A56%3A29/6d4cf55b96888dbc3aacfc1de5c664ec.webp" width="1152" alt="Embedded Image" />

Future Updates

The release of the next mid-year estimates is expected in July 2025.

The full ONS mid-year population estimates release and back series can be found on the ONS website: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates.

For information relating to London’s population see the demography pages of the London Datastore: https://data.london.gov.uk/demography/ or email demography@london.gov.uk.

An in-depth review of the available evidence for population change in London since the start of the coronavirus pandemic has been produced by GLA Demography: https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/population-change-in-london-during-the-pandemic.

On 17th November 2011 the Office for National Statistics (ONS) as part of their Migration Statistics Improvement Programme (MSIP) released their improved methodology for producing local authority long-term migration estimates within England and Wales.

This Update presents a brief overview of the improved migration methodology adopted by the ONS in respect to its impact on migration and population estimates.

• Improvements to the immigration distributional methodology has impacted on both the estimated number of migrants and total population between 2006 and 2010.

• The number of immigrants in London as a result is estimated to have risen by 129.8 thousand (2006 to 2010) compared to previous figures.

• Ten London boroughs are in the top 20 local authorities for upward indicative revisions in their population estimates.

Open the report here

or Download the data here

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The Covid-19 pandemic impacted both domestic and international migration patterns. This briefing is intended to provide a summary of pre-pandemic domestic migration relating to London, to provide a baseline against which new data can be compared. The Office for National Statistics provide annual data on internal migration moves into and out of each local authority in England and Wales, and for this report we used the data for the year ending mid 2020 that were released in June 2021.

In 2024, approximately 948,000 million people migrated to the United Kingdom, while 517,000 people migrated from the UK, resulting in a net migration figure of 431,000. There have consistently been more people migrating to the United Kingdom than leaving it since 1993 when the net migration figure was negative 1,000. Although migration from the European Union has declined since the Brexit vote of 2016, migration from non-EU countries accelerated rapidly from 2021 onwards. In the year to June 2023, 968,000 people from non-EU countries migrated to the UK, compared with 129,000 from EU member states. Immigration and the 2024 election Since late 2022, immigration, along with the economy and healthcare, has consistently been seen by UK voters as one of the top issues facing the country. Despite a pledge to deter irregular migration via small boats, and controversial plans to send asylum applicants to Rwanda while their claims are being processed, Rishi Sunak's Conservative government lost the trust of the public on this issue. On the eve of the last election, 20 percent of Britons thought the Labour Party would be the best party to handle immigration, compared with 13 percent who thought the Conservatives would handle it better. Sunak and the Conservatives went on to lose this election, suffering their worst defeat in modern elections. Historical context of migration The first humans who arrived in the British Isles, were followed by acts of conquest and settlement from Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Danes, and Normans. In the early modern period, there were also significant waves of migration from people fleeing religious or political persecution, such as the French Huguenots. More recently, large numbers of people also left Britain. Between 1820 and 1957, for example, around 4.5 million people migrated from Britain to America. After World War Two, immigration from Britain's colonies and former colonies was encouraged to meet labour demands. A key group that migrated from the Caribbean between the late 1940s and early 1970s became known as the Windrush generation, named after one of the ships that brought the arrivals to Britain.

These are the summaries of the interviews and the preliminary codes and themes that were created for this project.

Annual mid-year data on internal migration moves into and out of each local authority in England and Wales, including moves to and from Scotland and Northern Ireland.

This page contains migration indicators briefings that are produced quarterly. Underlying data is available at http://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/migration-indicators

United Kingdom International Migrations: UK: Outflow: London data was reported at -106.000 Person th in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of -91.000 Person th for 2015. United Kingdom International Migrations: UK: Outflow: London data is updated yearly, averaging -92.500 Person th from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2016, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of -65.000 Person th in 1995 and a record low of -123.000 Person th in 2009. United Kingdom International Migrations: UK: Outflow: London data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office for National Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.G064: International Migration: By Regions .

In 2021, there were approximately ******* Indian residents living in London, the most of any foreign nationality. Nigerian nationals numbered *******, and were the second most common nationality in this year.

Region of intended residence or former residence. Estimates of Long-Term International Migration, annual table.

This dataset is about book subjects. It has 1 row and is filtered where the books is Migration patterns in and around London. It features 10 columns including number of authors, number of books, earliest publication date, and latest publication date.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

This qualitative study examines Polish migration to London in the context of Poland joining the European Union (EU).

The study consists of semi-structured interviews with key informants from the Polish community in London, Polish centres and church groups. There are also three focus groups conducted with recent Polish migrants to London.

Recent Polish migration has been seen as transient, involving short periods of migration and frequent returns to the home country. The study explores Polish migrants' attitudes to living in London, their expected duration of stay and their plans to return home. It analyses how Poland’s accession to the EU impacts on migrants’ attitudes to settling in the UK. It also examines the social networks used by Polish migrants and how these networks provide information, practical support (e.g. jobs), as well as friendship, asking if these networks aid settlement or reinforce transience.

Further information is available from the ESRC's award web page.
Main Topics:

Polish migration, EU enlargement, social networks.

United Kingdom International Migrations: UK: Balance: London data was reported at 51.000 Person th in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 82.000 Person th for 2015. United Kingdom International Migrations: UK: Balance: London data is updated yearly, averaging 54.500 Person th from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2016, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 104.000 Person th in 2000 and a record low of 13.000 Person th in 1993. United Kingdom International Migrations: UK: Balance: London data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office for National Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.G064: International Migration: By Regions .

This Excel tool enables you to interrogate data annual data between 2004 and 2016 at London borough level released by the Office for National Statistics in the Local Area Migration Indicators suite (LAMI). Data includes: Long-term international migration Internal migration new migrant GP registrations Births National Insurance number registrations to overseas nationals

United Kingdom International Migrations: UK: Inflow: London data was reported at 156.000 Person th in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 173.000 Person th for 2015. United Kingdom International Migrations: UK: Inflow: London data is updated yearly, averaging 161.000 Person th from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2016, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 206.000 Person th in 2000 and a record low of 89.000 Person th in 1992. United Kingdom International Migrations: UK: Inflow: London data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office for National Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.G064: International Migration: By Regions .

Replication material for "From Low-Cost Flights to the Ballot Box: How Eastern European Migration Shaped Far-Right Voting in London" by Elena Pupaza and Joachim Wehner. The do files and datasets were prepared with Stata/SE 17.0 for Mac.

This is the main page for migration indicator related data and reports. The following are included as part of this work: * Internal migration * International migration - Long-Term International Migration (LTIM) - International Passenger Survey (IPS) * National Insurance Number (NINo) allocations * 'Flag 4' GP registrations * Short-term international migration All Updates and the accompanying data can be downloaded. The Excel workbook contains the raw data as well as charts for the different migration indicators. Latest data update: December 2016 release. Next data update: February 2017 release. N.B. - written Updates are refreshed twice a year to coincide with the May and November data releases.