Migration in Europe in 2024 marks a return to normality after the extreme disruptions experienced in 2022. While in 2022 ******* saw the largest negative net migration balance, with almost * million of its citizens fleeing the eastern European country in the aftermath of Russia's invasion, in 2024 it is in fact the country with the largest positive net migration balance. Over **** million Ukrainians have returned to their home country from abroad, leading Poland, Romania, and Hungary to have large net migration deficits, as they were key recipient countries for Ukrainians in 2022. The other countries which experienced large positive net migration balances in 2023 are all in Western Europe, as the UK, the Netherlands, France, Italy, and Spain all remain popular destinations for migrants.

In 2021, Germany, Spain, and France were the countries which saw the highest immigration in the European Union. Germany alone say over 870,000 immigrants entering the country in that year, with a majority coming from non-EU countries. There is significant variation in the make-up of the inflows of migrants in different EU member states, with countries such as Spain and Italy seeing large majorities coming from outside the EU, while France and Germany saw roughly an equal number of migrants coming from other EU countries or being returning citizens of those countries. The Netherlands and Belgium stand out as countries which saw more intra-EU migrants than non-EU migrants, with approximately 90,000 and 63,000 moving to these countries respectively from within the EU. Several EU member states saw the greatest share of migrants being citizens of the country themselves, with Romania, Ireland, Greece, and Portugal being notable in this respect. These countries have all seen large flows of people working in other EU member states in recent years, who in many case return to their country of origin within a couple of years.

As of 2021, Germany was the European Union country which saw the largest number of immigrants from non-EU countries, with over 430,000 migrants with non-EU citizenship moving to Germany. Spain was the country with the second largets number of extra-EU immigrants, at roughly 346,000 people, while Italy and France saw 200,000 and 170,000 respectively.

Migration data in EU in 2023 based on Eurostat datasets.

Including: People living in the EU in 2023, Foreign-born residents per country, Reasons to stay in Europe, Employment of immigrants, Refugees in Europe, Migration to and from the EU, Seeking asylum in Europe, Irregular border crossings

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As of 2023, Germany was the European Union member state with the greatest number of people coming from other EU member states living in the country, with over 4.5 million EU migrants. Other countries with large populations of intra-EU migrants include Spain, France, and Italy. As a share of population, Ireland stands and Belgium stand out among EU countries, with around 10% of the population of these countries being from other EU member states, while in Luxembourg it is around a third.

Table of INEBase Gross Migration Rate including the territory abroad by Province. Annual. Provinces. Basic Demographic Indicators

Analysis of ‘Net Migration Rate including the territory abroad. IDB (API identifier: 5860)’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/urn-ine-es-tabla-t3-349-5860 on 08 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Table of INEBase Net Migration Rate including the territory abroad. Annual. National. Basic Demographic Indicators

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

As of 2021, Germany and Spain were the European Union countries with the greatest number of emigrants - that is, people leaving the country during that year. Of Germany's roughly ******* emigrants, around half were from non-EU countries, while another ******* were from EU member states. Spain similarly saw a larger majority of its emigrants being from outside the EU, with around ******* non-EU residents emigrating in 2021. On the other hand, some EU countries exhibited a quite different trend in the year, with Romania, Ireland, Greece, and Portugal all having their own citizens as the group which emigrated in the largest quantities. These are countries which have over the long-term have shown a trend towards their citizens emigrating to other EU countries for work, often returning home after a couple of years abroad.

Table of INEBase Gross Migration Rate including the territory abroad by Autonomous Community. Annual. Autonomous Communities and Cities. Basic Demographic Indicators

Full edition for public use. The REMINDER Integrated Multilevel Database on Migration in the EU brings together cross-national public opinion data and statistics related to immigration and EU mobility from multiple sources. The archived material offers complete replication code and auxiliary files to assist researchers in reconstructing and expanding the database for their own analyses. Please note that replication requires users to access the original survey data separately. The integrated database consists of 184400 observations and 160 variables, 61 of which are at the country level (28 EU plus Norway and Switzerland). We harmonize existing and newly collected survey data between 2002 and 2017, matched with country level data on the welfare impacts of immigration as well as stocks and flows of immigrant populations.

This scatter chart displays net migration (people) against birth rate (per 1,000 people) in Europe. The data is about countries.

Analysis of ‘Migration rates with foreign destination by Autonomous Community, according to sex, age and nationality (Spanish/Foreign). IDB (API identifier: 31312)’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/urn-ine-es-tabla-t3-349-31312 on 19 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Table of INEBase Migration rates with foreign destination by Autonomous Community, according to sex, age and nationality (Spanish/Foreign). Annual. Autonomous Communities and Cities. Basic Demographic Indicators

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

In 2024, the net migration rate in France reached *******. In recent years Europe and France have seen more people arrive than depart. The net migration rate is the difference between the number of immigrants (people coming into an area) and the number of emigrants (people leaving an area) throughout the year. France's highest net migration rate was reached in 2018 when it amounted to *******. Armed conflicts and economic migration are some of the reasons for immigration in Europe. The refugee crisis Studies have shown that there were ******* immigrant arrivals in France in 2022, which has risen since 2014. The migrant crisis, which began in 2015 in Europe, had an impact on the migration entry flows not only in France but in all European countries. The number of illegal border crossings to the EU over the Eastern Mediterranean route reached a record number of ******* crossings in 2015. Immigration in France Since the middle of the 19th century, France has attracted immigrants, first from European countries (like Poland, Spain, and Italy), and then from the former French colonies. In 2023, there were approximately *** million people foreign-born in France. Most of them were living in the Ile-de-France region, which contains Paris, and in Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur in the Southeastern part of the country. In 2022, the majority of immigrants arriving in France were from Africa and Europe.

The three indicators are all expressed as the change in the number of persons per 1000 persons of average population: total change, natural change (live births minus deaths) and net migration (including statistical adjustment). The net migration plus adjustment is calculated as the difference between the total change and the natural change of the population.

Analysis of ‘Gross Inter-Regional Migration Rate by Autonomous Community. IDB (API identifier: 5946)’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/urn-ine-es-tabla-t3-349-5946 on 07 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Table of INEBase Gross Inter-Regional Migration Rate by Autonomous Community. Annual. Autonomous Communities and Cities. Basic Demographic Indicators

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

Dataset for the article: Cortinovis C., Geneletti D., Haase D. (2022). Higher immigration and lower land take rates are driving a new densification wave in European cities. npj Urban Sustainability 2, 19. doi:10.1038/s42949-022-00062-0

The dataset includes three excel workbooks. The main workbook "EU_cities_data.xlsx" calculates residential density in 2006, 2012 and 2018 and its trends in the two periods 2006-2012 and 2012-2018 for 331 European cities and greater cities. The worksheet "CITIES_GREATER_sel" is the basis to reproduce the analyses and figures presented in the paper and related Supplementary Material, using the code R code "EU_cities_plot" available at doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19773151.

The main workbook is linked to two datasets containing demographic data for the selected cities and greater cities: - EU_cities_population.xlsx: total population at the 1st of January of the three reference years; - EU_cities_demo_balance.xlsx: data on births and deaths in each city during the analysed period, and calculation of net migration figures.

Population data are based on the Eurostat Urban Audit (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities/data/database) and on datasets from national statistical offices. The numerous corrections to the original Urban Audit database and the final source of each value are indicated in the two datasets (see worksheet "sources and legend").

Residential area and land take for residential use are based on the Copernicus Urban Atlas (https://land.copernicus.eu/local/urban-atlas) version 021 for the reference year 2012, version 012 for the reference year 2018, and the consolidated “Revised” version available in 2021 for the reference year 2006.

Cities’ and greater cities’ boundaries were retrieved from the GISCO Eurostat spatial database linked to the Urban Audit, version 2018 ( https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/administrative-units-statistical-units/urban-audit).

This dataset is about countries in Europe. It has 44 rows. It features 3 columns: birth rate, and net migration.

On 17th November 2011 the Office for National Statistics (ONS) as part of their Migration Statistics Improvement Programme (MSIP) released their improved methodology for producing local authority long-term migration estimates within England and Wales.

This Update presents a brief overview of the improved migration methodology adopted by the ONS in respect to its impact on migration and population estimates.

• Improvements to the immigration distributional methodology has impacted on both the estimated number of migrants and total population between 2006 and 2010.

• The number of immigrants in London as a result is estimated to have risen by 129.8 thousand (2006 to 2010) compared to previous figures.

• Ten London boroughs are in the top 20 local authorities for upward indicative revisions in their population estimates.

Open the report here

or Download the data here

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This graph displays the net migration in Europe in 2019, by country. In this year Germany gained almost *** thousand migrants, compared with France which had a net migration figure of negative ** thousand.

Brand new annual report presenting and analysing UK migration data for the calendar year. This is a cross-government product.

Source agency: Office for National Statistics

Designation: National Statistics

Language: English

Alternative title: Annual Report