In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the majority of documented migration to the United States of American came from European countries. Between 1820 and 1957, of the approximate 41 million migrants to the US, over 34 million of these came from Europe. The most commonly documented countries of origin during this time were Germany (6.6 million), Italy (4.9 million), Ireland (4.6 million), Great Britain (4.5 million), and Russia (3.4 million). The first wave of mass migration came in the 1850s, as the Great famine crippled Ireland's population, and many in rural areas of mainland Europe struggled to adapt to industrialization, and economic opportunities attracted many in the 1870s, following the American Civil War. The 1880s saw another wave, as steam powered ships and lower fares made trans-Atlantic journeys much more affordable. The first wave of mass migration from Eastern and Southern Europe also arrived at this time, as industrialization and agricultural advancements led to high unemployment in these regions.

The majority of migrants to the United States settled in major urban centers, which allowed the expansion of industry, leading to the United States' emergence as one of the leading global economies at the turn of the twentieth century. The largest wave of migration to the United states during this period came in the first fifteen years of the 1900s. The influx of migrants from Northern and Western Europe had now been replaced by an influx from Eastern and Southern Europe (although migration from the British Isles was still quite high during this time). European migration fell to it's lowest levels in eighty years during the First World War, before fluctuating again in the interwar period, due to the Great Depression. As the twentieth century progressed, the continent with the highest levels of migration to the US gradually changed from Europe to Latin America, as economic opportunities in Western Europe improved, and the US' relationship with the Soviet Union and other Eastern, communist states became complicated.

Migration in Europe in 2024 marks a return to normality after the extreme disruptions experienced in 2022. While in 2022 ******* saw the largest negative net migration balance, with almost * million of its citizens fleeing the eastern European country in the aftermath of Russia's invasion, in 2024 it is in fact the country with the largest positive net migration balance. Over **** million Ukrainians have returned to their home country from abroad, leading Poland, Romania, and Hungary to have large net migration deficits, as they were key recipient countries for Ukrainians in 2022. The other countries which experienced large positive net migration balances in 2023 are all in Western Europe, as the UK, the Netherlands, France, Italy, and Spain all remain popular destinations for migrants.

Graph and download economic data for Net migration for the European Union (SMPOPNETMEUU) from 1962 to 2017 about EU, migration, Europe, Net, and 5-year.

In 2021, Germany, Spain, and France were the countries which saw the highest immigration in the European Union. Germany alone say over 870,000 immigrants entering the country in that year, with a majority coming from non-EU countries. There is significant variation in the make-up of the inflows of migrants in different EU member states, with countries such as Spain and Italy seeing large majorities coming from outside the EU, while France and Germany saw roughly an equal number of migrants coming from other EU countries or being returning citizens of those countries. The Netherlands and Belgium stand out as countries which saw more intra-EU migrants than non-EU migrants, with approximately 90,000 and 63,000 moving to these countries respectively from within the EU. Several EU member states saw the greatest share of migrants being citizens of the country themselves, with Romania, Ireland, Greece, and Portugal being notable in this respect. These countries have all seen large flows of people working in other EU member states in recent years, who in many case return to their country of origin within a couple of years.

Total number of long-term immigrants arriving into the reporting country during the reference year

Migration data in EU in 2023 based on Eurostat datasets.

Including: People living in the EU in 2023, Foreign-born residents per country, Reasons to stay in Europe, Employment of immigrants, Refugees in Europe, Migration to and from the EU, Seeking asylum in Europe, Irregular border crossings

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Graph and download economic data for Net migration for Developing Countries in Europe and Central Asia (SMPOPNETMECA) from 1962 to 2017 about Central Asia, migration, Europe, Net, and 5-year.

In 2024, the net migration rate in France reached *******. In recent years Europe and France have seen more people arrive than depart. The net migration rate is the difference between the number of immigrants (people coming into an area) and the number of emigrants (people leaving an area) throughout the year. France's highest net migration rate was reached in 2018 when it amounted to *******. Armed conflicts and economic migration are some of the reasons for immigration in Europe. The refugee crisis Studies have shown that there were ******* immigrant arrivals in France in 2022, which has risen since 2014. The migrant crisis, which began in 2015 in Europe, had an impact on the migration entry flows not only in France but in all European countries. The number of illegal border crossings to the EU over the Eastern Mediterranean route reached a record number of ******* crossings in 2015. Immigration in France Since the middle of the 19th century, France has attracted immigrants, first from European countries (like Poland, Spain, and Italy), and then from the former French colonies. In 2023, there were approximately *** million people foreign-born in France. Most of them were living in the Ile-de-France region, which contains Paris, and in Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur in the Southeastern part of the country. In 2022, the majority of immigrants arriving in France were from Africa and Europe.

Graph and download economic data for International Migrant Stock, Total for the European Union (SMPOPTOTLEUU) from 1960 to 2015 about EU, migration, Europe, and 5-year.

United States Immigrants Admitted: Europe data was reported at 84,335.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 93,567.000 Person for 2016. United States Immigrants Admitted: Europe data is updated yearly, averaging 104,629.000 Person from Sep 1986 (Median) to 2017, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 165,507.000 Person in 2001 and a record low of 61,174.000 Person in 1987. United States Immigrants Admitted: Europe data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Homeland Security. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.G087: Immigration.

This table contains data on immigration and emigration including administrative corrections by sex, country of origin and country of birth. The data are available per month and per year.

CBS is moving to a new classification of the population by origin. From now on, it is more decisive where someone was born, in addition to where someone's parents were born. The word "migration background" is no longer used. The main classification Western/non-Western is replaced by a classification based on continents and common immigration countries. This classification is gradually introduced in tables and publications with population by origin.

Data available from: January 2022.

Status of figures: The figures up to 2023 are final. Figures from 2024 onwards are provisional. Interim adjustments from previous months are possible.

Changes as of 28 June 2024: The final figures for 2023 and provisional figures for May 2024 have been added.

Changes as of 17 November 2023: None, this is a new table. This table is the successor of Immi- and emigration; per month, migration background, gender; 1995-2023. See paragraph 3. The following changes have been made to the discontinued table: - The tab ‘Migration background’ has been replaced by ‘Country of origin’; - The countries of origin Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Turkey are allotted to continent Asia (was Europe); - The tab ‘Generation’ has been replaced by ‘Country of birth’.

When will there be new figures? For the time being, only data from 2022 onwards is available in the table. The periods 1996 to 2021 will be added to the table at a later date. At the end of each month, the provisional figures for the previous month shall be published. Interim adjustments from previous months are possible. In the third quarter of each year, the provisional figures for the previous year shall be replaced by final figures.

This graph displays the net migration in Europe in 2019, by country. In this year Germany gained almost *** thousand migrants, compared with France which had a net migration figure of negative ** thousand.

Domestic migration by domestic migration by type, age, sex and year

Brand new annual report presenting and analysing UK migration data for the calendar year. This is a cross-government product.

Source agency: Office for National Statistics

Designation: National Statistics

Language: English

Alternative title: Annual Report

Résumé

Le projet de recherche MAFE est une initiative de grande ampleur dont l'objectif est d'étudier les migrations entre l'Afrique subsaharienne et l'Europe. - Attention, la documentation des enquêtes MAFE est en langue anglaise. -

The MAFE project is a major research initiative focused on migration between Sub-Saharan Africa and Europe. It brings together ten European and African research centres working on international migration.

In the early XXIth Century, international migration from Sub-Saharan Africa to Europe has generated increasing public and policy attention. The flotilla of boats bringing would-be migrants to the Canary Islands, and attempts to reach Spanish territory in Ceuta and Mellila have drawn a rapid response from Europe in the form of new policy measures. Yet the scope, nature and likely development of Sub-Saharan African migration to Europe remained poorly understood, and, as a result, European polices may be ineffective. A major cause of this lack of understanding was the absence of comprehensive data on the causes of migration and circulation between Africa and Europe.

The MAFE project aimed at overcoming this lack of understanding by collecting unique data on the characteristics and behavior of migrants from Sub-Saharan countries to Europe. The key notion underpinning the project was that migration must not only be seen as a one-way flow from Africa to Europe. The argument was that return migration, circulation and transnational practices are significant and must be understood in order to design better migration policy.

The MAFE project focused on migration flows between Europe (Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK) and Senegal, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Ghana, which together accounted for over a quarter of all African migration to the EU at the time of the survey. In each of these "migration systems", the survey was designed to document four key areas: - Patterns of migration : *the socio-demographic characteristics of migrants, *the routes of migration from Africa to Europe, and *the patterns of return migration and circulation. - Determinants of migration: looking at departure, but also return and circulation and taking into account the whole set of possible destinations. - Migration and Development: MAFE documents some of the socio-economic changes driven by international migration, looking as often as possible at both ends of the Afro-European migration system, at the individual level. - Migrations and Families: the data collected by the MAFE project can be used to study all sorts of interactions between family formation and international migration. Although the survey was primarily designed to study international migration, it can also be used to study other phenomena, especially in Africa: domestic mobility, labor market participation, family formation, etc. Comparable data was collected in both 3 sending and 6 destination countries, i.e. in sub-Saharan Africa and in Europe. The data are longitudinal - including retrospective migration, education, work and family histories for individuals - and multi-level - (with data collected at the individual and household levels, in addition of macro-contextual data).

Please consult the official MAFE website for further details : https://mafeproject.site.ined.fr/en/

Geographic coverage

Six European countries and three African countries participated in the MAFE surveys. Data collection was carried out in both sending countries in Africa and destination countries in Europe, in order to constitute transnational samples. For MAFE Senegal, data was collected in Senegal (African part) and France, Italy and Spain (European part).

Analysis unit

Individual Household

Univers

SENEGAL Household: Households selected randomly from the updated list of households in the selected primary sampling units. Two strata were distinguished: the households with migrants and those without migrants. Individual: People aged 25-75 at the time of the survey, born in Senegal and who have/had Senegalese citizenship. This lower age limit was set in order to obtain informative life histories. By not including respondents younger than 25, the resources were used more effectively. The place of birth criterion was used to exclude people who were born out of their country of origin in order to exclude second generation migrants in Europe and to increase the homogeneity of sample. Up to two return migrants and partners of migrants, and one randomly selected other eligible person. Return migrants were eligible if their first departure was above at 18 or over.

EUROPE In all the European countries, the surveys were conducted among males and females who were aged 25 and over at the time of the surveys, and who were 18 or over when they had left Africa for the first time for at least one year. For MAFE Senegal, only migrants from Senegal were interviewed. This was a way to reinforce the homogeneity of the sample by excluding people of the 1.5 generation who are often "passive" migrants.

In theory, surveyed individuals must be representative of the whole population with these characteristics in the departure region and in the destination countries. The sample is composed of males and females. In Europe, in spite of a gender demographic disequilibrium, the objective was to include 50% of males and 50% of females in order to allow gender analyses.

Kind of data

survey data

Frequency of data collection

SENEGAL In Senegal, data collection activities started in November 2007 (selection of survey sites in Dakar and listing of households in the selected sites). They ended in September 2008 (data entry and data cleaning). Overall, 11 months were necessary to carry out all the activities related to data collection, and fieldwork lasted a little less than 6 months. Data collection was organized in two separate stages: the household survey was first conducted, and the biographic survey started after the household survey had been completed. The data collected in the household survey was used to prepare a sampling frame of individuals for the biographic survey; quick data entry of part of the questionnaires of the household survey was thus necessary before starting data collection for the biographic survey. Although this approach had advantages, it also lengthened the data collection process. This approach was not used for surveys in Ghana and DR Congo, where both surveys were conducted simultaneously.

EUROPE In France, Italy and Spain the surveys were conducted in 2008, before the start of the EU funded project. Data collection activities lasted approximately 6 months. Note: A second round was carried in Spain in 2010. About 400 Senegalese migrants were interviewed using exactly the same questionnaire. The data will be released in the future. For more information, contact: pau.baizan@upf.edu

Sampling procedure

Probability: Stratified

  SENEGAL

A three-stage stratified random sample was used. At the first stage, primary sampling units (census district) were selected randomly with varying probabilities. At the second stage, households were selected randomly in each of the selected primary sampling units (PSUs). At the third stage, individuals were selected within the households. a) Selection of primary sampling units (first stage) In the Senegal survey, the sample was designed to be probabilistic and representative of the Dakar region, and at the same time to maximize the chance of reaching households 'affected' by international migration (rare population). The sampling frame used to select the primary sampling units was the 2002 Population Census. The census districts (CD) -which are usually used as the primary sampling units in surveys in Senegal - have an average size of 100 households in urban areas. 60 primary sampling units were randomly selected at the first stage. This number of primary sampling units allows reaching a balance between a large dispersion of households (which decreases sampling errors) and a more concentrated sample (which reduces costs). The region of Dakar was divided into 10 strata of equal size, according to the % of migrant households within each of them (in average, 11.6% of the households were 'migrants'). 6 CD's per stratum were drawn, with a probability proportional to the number of households within each CD. In other words, census districts with a large number of migrants were more likely to be selected than those with low numbers of migrants. This approach increases the number of migrants interviewed in the individual survey, while still having a probabilistic sample representative of the target area. The listing of the households in the 60 selected primary sampling units was updated in order to select the sample of households. This stage was essential because a lot of changing occurred in some large neighbourhoods of Dakar since the previous census (2002), especially in suburban areas. This counting also allowed distinguishing between households with and without migrants. b) Selection of households (second stage) The following approach was used in MAFE-Senegal: - Households were selected randomly (using systematic random sampling) from the updated list of households in the selected PSUs. Two strata were distinguished: the households with migrants and those without migrants. A maximum of 50% of households with migrants were drawn in each district. Selected households that could not be reached (absence, refusals,…) were not replaced during the fieldwork. Replacement would distort the computation of sampling weights, and could also lead to bias the sample. To take account of refusals and absences

This table contains figures on immigrants living in the Netherlands who have come to the Netherlands with a nationality of a country outside the European Union (EU) or European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and are employed in the Netherlands. The data are broken down by gender, age group, nationality, migration motive, job characteristics and year of immigration. The job characteristics relate to industry (SBI 2008), gross hourly wages, working hours and form of contract. The runway characteristics figures refer to the main runway at the reference point. The reference dates relate to the reporting years 2017 to 2023. Immigrants from outside the EU/EFTA need a residence permit from the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND). The migration motive of immigrants from non-EU/EFTA countries is based on the permit of the IND. Although the United Kingdom left the EU as of 31 January 2020, a Withdrawal Agreement continued to allow free movement of persons until 31 December 2020. For migrants from the United Kingdom, the migration motive is therefore only known if they have immigrated after 31 December 2020.

This table only includes immigrants who, at the time of immigration, were nationals of countries that were not members of the EU or EFTA at the reference date of 31 December. Immigrants from countries that joined the EU or EFTA after 1999 are included in this table until the year of accession. Immigrants from countries that left the EU or EFTA after 1999 are included in this table from the year of exit. Example: immigrants from the United Kingdom are included in this table as of 2020, regardless of the year of immigration.

Data available from: 2017

Status of figures: The figures in this table are provisional. Subsequent information has been incorporated into the figures for the previous periods. As a result, small deviations with previously published figures are possible.

Amendments as at 31 October 2024: None. This is a new table.

When will there be new figures? Figures for 2024 will be published in October 2025.

This dataset is about countries per year in Northern Europe. It has 640 rows. It features 3 columns: country, and net migration.

The 2000 Families: Migration Histories of Turks in Europe project explores migration processes, the multi-generational transmission of social, cultural, religious and economic resources, values and behavior. The research is targeted Turkish migrant and non-migrant families, their members in European countries and those who did not migrate to European countries or returned to Turkey, and involves survey interviews with approximately 6000 family members across three generations.

The study consists of three parts: Family Tree (Pilot and Main), Proxy interviews (Pilot and Main) and Personal interviews (Pilot and Main).

I. Information on first generation man (IKE): male ancestor is migrant or non-migrant; still alive; place of birth; year of birth (age); ethnic family origin; left his place of birth for more than five years; migration within Turkey; country of first destination; place of first destination (NUTS); year or age of internal migration; year or age of international emigration; ever moved to Europe for more than five years and country; year or age of moving; country of current (last) residence; duration of stay in Europe; number of siblings; place in the rank; age; sex of siblings; sibling moved to Europe between 1960-1974; emigration motive(s); spouse is alive; emigration(s) of spouse; year of emigration(s) of spouse; current (last) marriage was his first marriage; end of the first marriage; arranged marriage; year of marriage; ethnic family origin of spouse; spouse is (was) a relative; religion of spouse (or partner); highest level of education; first main job (ISCO-88 and ISEI); job title of current or last job (ISCO-88 and ISEI); kind of job; occupation of the father of IKE (ISCO-88 and ISEI); religion (denomination); left the country before he died; age or year of death; country of death; legal marital status at time of death; information on IKE´s children, grandchildren and great grandchildren.

Additionally coded was: children code; grandchildren code; rank number of children, grandchildren and great grandchildren; generation.

II. 1. Information about respondent and migration history: migration status; year of first migration; age of first migration; country of current stay (NUTS); name of the city, town or village; degree of urbanization; city is usual place of living; name of the nearest city; usual place of living, degree of urbanization, nearest city, and country of usual place of living; place of birth, and degree of urbanization; nearest city to place of birth; country of place of birth; respondent left his country for at least one year and number of countries; destination countries; age of migration; main reason for moving; regularly movement between two countries; names of these two countries;

1. Achieved education and occupation: completed education or still in education; literacy; age when finished education; country in which the respondent finished his education; highest level of education; information on first occupation and current (or last) occupation (ISCO-88 und ISEI); country of first job; occupational status; number of supervised employees; ethnic or national origin of the person who directly manages (managed) the respondent in this current or last job; number of Turkish colleagues; working hours; usual take home pay; currency; covered period of payment.

2. Family: marriage and fertility: legal marital status; stable relationship; living together with a partner; number of marriages; age when first married; end of the first marriage due to death of a partner or divorce; divorced; age when first marriage ended; age or year of first divorce; age when married current or most recent spouse; number of children; sex and age of these children.

3. Family relations: year of birth of mother and father; parents are alive; living together with parents; country of current stay; frequency of contact with parents; distance to the living place of parents; frequency of provided advice and financial support for own parents in the last 12 months; frequency of received support and financial support; attitude towards intergenerational relations and gender roles; responsible person for family finances.

4. Attachment to Turkey and to the country and identity: Turkish citizenship; feeling connected to people from Turkey; portion of friends with Turkish background; citizenship of the country of residence; feeling connected with country nationals; preferred country to win the Eurovision Song Contest;...

Graph and download economic data for International Migrant Stock, Total for Europe and Central Asia (SMPOPTOTLECS) from 1960 to 2015 about Central Europe, Asia, migration, Europe, and 5-year.