As of January 1, 2025, Rome (Lazio) was the Italian province which registered the highest number of coronavirus (COVID-19) cases in the country. Milan (Lombardy) came second in this ranking, while Naples (Campania) and Turin (Piedmont) followed. These four areas are also the four most populated provinces in Italy. The region of Lombardy was the mostly hit by the spread of the virus, recording almost one sixth of all coronavirus cases in the country. The provinces of Milan and Brescia accounted for a large part of this figure. For a global overview, visit Statista's webpage exclusively dedicated to coronavirus, its development, and its impact.

After entering Italy, the coronavirus (COVID-19) spread fast. The strict lockdown implemented by the government during the Spring 2020 helped to slow down the outbreak. However, in the following months the country had to face four new harsh waves of contagion. As of January 1, 2025, 198,638 deaths caused by COVID-19 were reported by the authorities, of which approximately 48.7 thousand in the region of Lombardy, 20.1 thousand in the region of Emilia-Romagna, and roughly 17.6 thousand in Veneto, the regions mostly hit. The total number of cases reported in the country reached over 26.9 million. The north of the country was mostly hit, and the region with the highest number of cases was Lombardy, which registered almost 4.4 million of them. The north-eastern region of Veneto counted about 2.9 million cases. Italy's death toll was one of the most tragic in the world. In the last months, however, the country saw the end to this terrible situation: as of November 2023, 85 percent of the total Italian population was fully vaccinated. For a global overview, visit Statista's webpage exclusively dedicated to coronavirus, its development, and its impact.

The dataset that we provide is composed of a csv file containing the answers of responders to our questionnaire conducted to explore perceptions and feelings on the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was conducted from June 27 to July 2 2022 among university students and adult residents of Milan, Italy, and New York City, NY, U.S.A.. The two target demographics for this study were adult residents of the two cities who were employed at the beginning of 2020 and students who attended university during 2020 or joined during the pandemic. The survey was accompanied by a promotional video and an introductory paragraph describing the objective of the study, and it was shared through social media platforms, on specialized social media groups, and on university students’ mailing lists. The total number of questions asked is a maximum of 20, variable depending on answers given by a user since we employed branching based on previous answers. This feature was particularly useful in creating questions that were specific to a subset of the sample population The topics of questions cover the following broad areas: Relationships: Multiple Choice and sorting/ranking questions designed to understand who the respondents spent lockdown with, if they managed to keep in touch with those they could not meet, and to family, friends and intimate relationships during the pandemic Policies: Likert scale questions measuring agreement with measures put in place in both Milan and New York Personal Life: questions about one’s priorities before and during the pandemic Occupation: Multiple Choice questions about one’s occupation during the pandemic and feelings towards work or university Post-pandemic: Likert scale questions about one's perception of contagion threats and feelings of normalcy at the time they responded to the survey Demographics: Multiple choice questions to describe the pool of respondents and control sample bias The types of the questions are of one of the following types: Multiple choice (one or more selections or single selection) Ranking Numeric scale (1-5 or 1-10) The “ranking” question type allowed users to sort a list of items in descending order of importance. In the dataset the column name represents the ranking given to the item, e.g. 1. highest priority.

Dataset containing information on Telemedicine activity for Parkinsonism at Fondazione Besta during the COVID-19 emergency as described in the related publication: Raw data of Case Manager 'ParkinsonCare" Service

This record contains data related to article "ACE2 and TMPRSS2 variants and expression as candidates to sex and country differences in COVID-19 severity in Italy"

Abstract:

As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progresses, prognostic markers for early identification of high-risk individuals are an urgent medical need. Italy has one of the highest numbers of SARS-CoV-2-related deaths and one of the highest mortality rates. Worldwide, a more severe course of COVID-19 is associated with older age, comorbidities, and male sex. Hence, we searched for possible genetic components of COVID-19 severity among Italians by looking at expression levels and variants in ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes, crucial for viral infection.

Exome and SNP-array data from a large Italian cohort were used to compare the rare-variants burden and polymorphisms frequency with Europeans and East Asians. Moreover, we looked into gene expression databases to check for sex-unbalanced expression.

While we found no significant evidence that ACE2 is associated with disease severity/sex bias, TMPRSS2 levels and genetic variants proved to be possible candidate disease modulators, prompting for rapid experimental validations on large patient cohorts.

Magon A, Arrigoni C, Graffigna G, Barello S, Moia M, Palareti G, Caruso R. The effect of health literacy on vaccine hesitancy among Italian anticoagulated population during COVID-19 pandemic: the moderating role of health engagement. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Oct 13:1-6. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1984123. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34643478.

Abstract

Assessing vaccine hesitancy and its determinants is pivotal to optimize vaccine acceptance in anticoagulated patients, given that this population has been described to have a higher risk of severe COVID-19-related complications. This study assessed the moderator role of patients' health engagement on the relationship between health literacy and vaccine hesitancy. A web-based survey was performed in Italy during the first wave (June-August 2020) and the second wave (October 2020-March 2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic, enrolling 288 patients. The rates of vaccine hesitancy reported during the first pandemic wave were 38.4% and 30.8% during the second wave (when a vaccine was available) (p = .164). A moderation analysis was performed to assess the role of health engagement in influencing the relationship from health literacy to vaccine hesitancy. Patients' health engagement enhanced the effects of health literacy on decreasing vaccine hesitancy (p < .001), suggesting that co-construction strategies for communicative action are pivotal.

As of January 1, 2025, the number of active coronavirus (COVID-19) infections in Italy was approximately 218,000. Among these, 42 infected individuals were being treated in intensive care units. Another 1,332 individuals infected with the coronavirus were hospitalized with symptoms, while approximately 217,000 thousand were in isolation at home. The total number of coronavirus cases in Italy reached over 26.9 million (including active cases, individuals who recovered, and individuals who died) as of the same date. The region mostly hit by the spread of the virus was Lombardy, which counted almost 4.4 million cases.For a global overview, visit Statista's webpage exclusively dedicated to coronavirus, its development, and its impact.

IntroductionLong COVID (LC) is a multisystem condition with prolonged symptoms persisting beyond acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, prevalence estimates vary widely due to differences in case definitions and sampling methodologies. This study aims to determine the prevalence of LC across different definitions and correct for selection bias using advanced statistical modeling.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, observational study at Luigi Sacco Hospital (Milan, Italy), analyzing 3,344 COVID-19 patients from two pandemic waves (2020–2021). Participants included 1,537 outpatients from the ARCOVID clinic and 1,807 hospitalized patients. LC was defined based on WHO and NICE criteria, as well as two alternative definitions: symptoms persisting at 3 and 6 months post-infection. We used a bivariate censored Probit model to account for selection bias and estimate adjusted LC prevalence.ResultsLC prevalence varied across definitions: 67.4% (WHO), 76.3% (NICE), 80.2% (3 months), and 79.6% (6 months). Adjusted prevalence estimates remained consistent across definitions. The most common symptoms were fatigue (58.6%), dyspnea (41.1%), and joint/muscle pain (39.2%). Risk factors included female sex (OR 2.165–2.379), metabolic disease (OR 1.587–1.629), and older age (40–50 years, OR 1.847). Protective factors included antiplatelets (OR 0.640–0.689), statins (OR 0.616), and hypoglycemics (OR 0.593–0.706). Vaccination, hydroxychloroquine, and antibiotics were associated with an increased risk of LC. Selection bias significantly influenced prevalence estimates, underscoring the need for robust statistical adjustments.DiscussionOur findings highlight the high prevalence of LC, particularly among specific subgroups, with strong selection effects influencing outpatient participation. Differences in prevalence estimates emphasize the impact of case definitions and study designs on LC research. The identification of risk and protective factors supports targeted interventions and patient management strategies.ConclusionThis study provides one of the most comprehensive analyses of LC prevalence while accounting for selection bias. Our findings call for standardized LC definitions, improved epidemiological methodologies, and targeted prevention strategies. Future research should explore prospective cohorts to refine LC prevalence estimates and investigate long-term health outcomes.

Background: Severe pneumonia is pathological manifestation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), however complications have been reported in COVID-19 patients with a worst prognosis. Aim of this study was to evaluate the role of high sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-TnI) in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: we retrospectively analysed hs-TnI values measured in 523 patients (median age 64 years, 68% men) admitted to a university hospital in Milan, Italy, and diagnosed COVID-19.

Results: A significant difference in hs-TnI concentrations was found between deceased patients (98 patients) vs discharged (425 patients) [36.05 ng/L IQR 16.5-94.9 vs 6.3 ng/L IQR 2.6-13.9, p < 0.001 respectively]. Hs-TnI measurements were independent predictors of mortality at multivariate analysis adjusted for confounding parameters such as age (HR 1.004 for each 10 point of troponin, 95% CI 1.002-1.006, p < 0.001). The survival rate, after one week, in patients with hs-TnI values under 6 ng/L was 97.94%, between 6 ng/L and the normal value was 90.87%, between the normal value and 40 ng/L was 86.98, and 59.27% over 40 ng/L.

Conclusion: Increase of hs-TnI associated with elevated mortality in patients with COVID-19. Troponin shows to be a useful biomarker of disease progression and worse prognosis in COVID-19 patients.

This record contains raw data related to article “Incidence and Patterns of COVID-19 Among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients From the Nancy and Milan Cohorts"

The first cases of COVID-19 infection were reported in December, 2019, in Wuhan, China. Italy (in particular Lombardy) and France (in particular Northeast) have been gravely hit. Both physicians and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are deeply concerned that immunosuppressants or biologics may increase the risk of COVID-19 infection. IOIBD has put in place an international registry, SECURE-IBD, for tracking all the cases with IBDs infected by COVID-19 (SECURE-IBD registry: http://www.covidibd.org). It will describe the outcomes of infected patients and the association between IBD-related medications and these outcomes

Model adjusted for age, sex, province of residence, time of screening, and ward of admittance.

Data set from the comment Iacobellis G, Secchi F, Capitanio G, Basilico S, Schiaffino S, Boveri S, Sardanelli F, Corsi Romanelli MM, Malavazos AE. Epicardial Fat Inflammation in Severe COVID-19. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020 Dec;28(12):2260-2262. doi: 10.1002/oby.23019. Epub 2020 Oct 15. PMID: 32862512.

Here is the introduction:

Hence, we retrospectively analyzed EAT from CT scans of patients who were admitted for COVID‐19. We collected data from 41 patients with laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 infection who were admitted at the Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, University of Milan, Italy, between April 1 and April 9, 2020. A confirmed case of COVID‐19 was defined by a positive result on a reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction assay of a specimen collected on a nasopharyngeal swab. Chest CT scan was performed on admission day 1 in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 infection to evaluate the presence of pulmonary embolism. EAT measurement was retrospectively obtained from each CT scan and analyzed according to the clinical and radiological criteria defining COVID‐19 severity. EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) density was defined as mean attenuation expressed in Hounsfield units (HU).

This record contains raw data related to article “Characterization of Myocardial Injury in Patients With COVID-19"

Background: Myocardial injury is frequent among patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and is associated with a poor prognosis. However, the mechanisms of myocardial injury remain unclear and prior studies have not reported cardiovascular imaging data.

Objectives: This study sought to characterize the echocardiographic abnormalities associated with myocardial injury and their prognostic impact in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: We conducted an international, multicenter cohort study including 7 hospitals in New York City and Milan of hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who had undergone transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) and electrocardiographic evaluation during their index hospitalization. Myocardial injury was defined as any elevation in cardiac troponin at the time of clinical presentation or during the hospitalization.

Results: A total of 305 patients were included. Mean age was 63 years and 205 patients (67.2%) were male. Overall, myocardial injury was observed in 190 patients (62.3%). Compared with patients without myocardial injury, those with myocardial injury had more electrocardiographic abnormalities, higher inflammatory biomarkers and an increased prevalence of major echocardiographic abnormalities that included left ventricular wall motion abnormalities, global left ventricular dysfunction, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction grade II or III, right ventricular dysfunction and pericardial effusions. Rates of in-hospital mortality were 5.2%, 18.6%, and 31.7% in patients without myocardial injury, with myocardial injury without TTE abnormalities, and with myocardial injury and TTE abnormalities. Following multivariable adjustment, myocardial injury with TTE abnormalities was associated with higher risk of death but not myocardial injury without TTE abnormalities.

Conclusions: Among patients with COVID-19 who underwent TTE, cardiac structural abnormalities were present in nearly two-thirds of patients with myocardial injury. Myocardial injury was associated with increased in-hospital mortality particularly if echocardiographic abnormalities were present.

Specific immune suppression types have been associated with a greater risk of severe COVID-19 disease and death. We analyzed data from patients >17 years that were hospitalized for COVID-19 at the “Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico” in Milan (Lombardy, Northern Italy). The study included 1727 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients (1,131 males, median age of 65 years) hospitalized between February 2020 and November 2022. Of these, 321 (18.6%, CI: 16.8–20.4%) had at least one condition defining immune suppression. Immune suppressed subjects were more likely to have other co-morbidities (80.4% vs. 69.8%, p 

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children is characterized by a wide variety of expressions ranging from asymptomatic to, rarely, critical illness. The basis of this variability is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and genetic risk factors predisposing to disease susceptibility and progression in children.MethodsWe enrolled 181 consecutive children aged less than 18 years hospitalized with or for SARS-CoV-2 infection during a period of 24 months. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and microbiological data were collected. The development of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related complications and their specific therapies were assessed. In a subset of 79 children, a genetic analysis was carried out to evaluate the role of common COVID-19 genetic risk factors (chromosome 3 cluster; ABO-blood group system; FUT2, IFNAR2, OAS1/2/3, and DPP9 loci).ResultsThe mean age of hospitalized children was 5.7 years, 30.9% of them being under 1 year of age. The majority of children (63%) were hospitalized for reasons different than COVID-19 and incidentally tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, while 37% were admitted for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chronic underlying diseases were reported in 29.8% of children. The majority of children were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic; only 12.7% developed a moderate to critical disease. A concomitant pathogen, mainly respiratory viruses, was isolated in 53.3%. Complications were reported in 7% of children admitted for other reasons and in 28.3% of those hospitalized for COVID-19. The respiratory system was most frequently involved, and the C-reactive protein was the laboratory test most related to the development of critical clinical complications. The main risk factors for complication development were prematurity [relative risk (RR) 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.4–6.1], comorbidities (RR 4.5, 95% CI 3.3–5.6), and the presence of coinfections (RR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1–5.75). The OAS1/2/3 risk variant was the main genetic risk factor for pneumonia development [Odds ratio (OR) 3.28, 95% CI 1-10.7; p value 0.049].ConclusionOur study confirmed that COVID-19 is generally less severe in children, although complications can develop, especially in those with comorbidities (chronic diseases or prematurity) and coinfections. Variation at the OAS1/2/3 genes cluster is the main genetic risk factor predisposing to COVID-19 pneumonia in children.

To develop a sensitive and clinically applicable risk assessment tool identifying coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with a high risk of mortality at hospital admission. This model would assist frontline clinicians in optimizing medical treatment with limited resources. 6,415 patients from seven hospitals in Wuhan city were assigned to the training and testing cohorts. A total of 6,351 patients from another three hospitals in Wuhan, 2,169 patients from outside of Wuhan, and 553 patients from Milan, Italy were assigned to three independent validation cohorts. A total of 64 candidate clinical variables at hospital admission were analyzed by random forest and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses. Eight factors, namely, Oxygen saturation, blood Urea nitrogen, Respiratory rate, admission before the date the national Maximum number of daily new cases was reached, Age, Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and absolute Neutrophil counts, were identified as having significant associations with mortality in COVID-19 patients. A composite score based on these eight risk factors, termed the OURMAPCN-score, predicted the risk of mortality among the COVID-19 patients, with a C-statistic of 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90-0.93). The hazard ratio for all-cause mortality between patients with OURMAPCN-score >11 compared with those with scores ≤11 was 18.18 (95% CI 13.93-23.71; P 

The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has forced governments across the world to implement social distancing measures and lockdowns in order to reduce the number of new cases and deaths. Using data from their travel app, Citymapper were able to produce a Mobility Index to indicate the movements of certain European cities during the period from March 16-22, 2020. Countries hardest hit by the virus and where lockdowns are in places appeared to have the least amount of movement. In Milan, Italy, only **** percent of the city were moving and in Madrid, Spain, only **** percent according to the Index. However in other affected cities movement was still higher, such as in London where ** percent of the city were still moving in the week ending March 22; The next day, the UK govenrment implemented a lockdown with stricter regulations regarding when people can go out.

In March 2020, the Italian Serie A soccer league was suspended because of the coronavirus pandemic. Serie A clubs did not play any matches until June and their market values decreased. As of *************, Juventus FC had a market value of ***** million euros. One month later, its value went down to roughly *** million euros. Similarly, the market value of FC Internazionale Milano has reduced significantly throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. After almost two years of various COVID-19 containment measures, as of *************, the market value of Juventus FC was ***** million euros, and the value of Inter Milan reached ***** million euros.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the mean increase of anti-S IgG antibody titer between the basal, pre-booster level to the titer assessed 14 days after the booster dose of BNT162b2.Patients and MethodsThe RENAISSANCE study is an observational, longitudinal, prospective, population-based study, conducted on healthcare workers of Niguarda Hospital in Milan, Italy who received a BNT162b2 booster dose at least 180 days after their second dose or after positivity for SARS-CoV-2 and accepted to take part in the study. The RENAISSANCE study was conducted from January 1, 2021 through December 28, 2021.Findings1,738 subjects were enrolled among healthcare workers registered for the booster administration at our hospital. Overall, 0.4% of subjects were seronegative at the pre-booster evaluation, and 1 subject had a titer equal to 50 AU/ml: none of the evaluated subjects was seronegative after the booster dose. Thus, the efficacy of the booster in our population was universal. Mean increase of pre- to post-booster titer was more significant in subjects who never had SARS-CoV-2 (44 times CI 95% 42-46) compared to those who had it, before (33 times, CI 95% 13-70) or after the first vaccination cycle (12 times, CI 95% 11-14). Differently from sex, age and pre-booster titers affected the post-booster antibody response. Nevertheless, the post-booster titer was very similar in all subgroups, and independent of a prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2, pre-booster titer, sex or age.ConclusionOur study shows a potent universal antibody response of the booster dose of BNT162b2, regardless of pre-booster vaccine seronegativity.

ATS (without Bollate), individuals aged 3–11, 12–19, and 20+ years old or more.