Abstract

Estimated at 10 to 20 percent of the 109 million population in Philippines, Indigenous Peoples (IPs) are among the poorest and most marginalized, although they live in regions with vast natural resources. The lack of representation of IPs in official surveys and administrative data prevents an accurate assessment of their living conditions and the socio-economic challenges they face. This silences their voice, obscures state accountability towards them, and limits their agency to take on a more active role in society. The few available data and anecdotal evidence reveal that IPs face important inequalities of opportunity in several human development dimensions, which are likely aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the extent of these inequalities is not well understood, due to scant data and research on IPs. The lack of surveys with information on ethnicity has also made it difficult to examine the type and extent of inequalities among and within ethnic groups in the country, as well as the impact of intersectionality with gender, disability, and place of residence on their inclusion. This represents a significant challenge when creating public policy at the national level or poverty reduction programs at the local level, as IPs remain unnoticed, unaccounted for, and ultimately deprived of their rights and any real benefit.

Therefore, reliable data on IPs is urgently needed, particularly in this COVID-19 era where IPs can be disproportionately disadvantaged due to legacies of inequality and exclusion. Hence, to collect data and inform evidence-based policy/decision making to better target the needs of IPs, the World Bank commissioned this first ever IP-specific household (HH) survey in Philippines to Philippine Survey and Research Center, Inc. (PSRC).

The main objective of this quantitative household survey is to improve the current understanding about the Indigenous Peoples (IPs) population in the Philippines, and eventually, craft strategies when addressing inequality or representation of the group. Specifically, the study aims to: 1. Collect as much data and inform evidence-based policy/decision making to better target the needs of IPs; 2. Gauge a better view/understanding of the IPs’ poverty, socio-economic condition and the exercise of their rights; 3. Add current knowledge into the ongoing World Bank Advisory Services and Analytics on the Indigenous Peoples of the Philippines.

Geographic coverage

Selected IP areas in the Philippines

Analysis unit

Indigenous Peoples (IPs) and Non-Indigenous Peoples (NIPs) with the following specifications: • Male/Female • 18 years old and above

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Stratified multi-stage area probability sampling was employed as follows: • Stratification: The sample was stratified by region and by locale (i.e., urban/rural) • First Stage: Independent random selection of PSUs (barangays) within the strata • Second Stage: Selection of SSUs (households) within the sampled PSUs

A household is defined as a social unit consisting of a person or a group of persons who sleep in the same housing unit and have a common arrangement in the preparation and consumption of food. Household is often comprised of individuals related by blood . Other members of households not related to the household head by blood such as helper, borders, and non relatives can be included as member of the household as long they prepare and consume food together and do not go home to the fa mily more than once in a week. The domain was the Philippines’ 17 administrative regions. Using the Indigenous Peoples (IP) household population from the 2020 Census, the following information were computed: • Proportion of IP household population from Census for each region • Proportion of each region out of total IP household population

To manage cost and timings, sampling coverage was focused on regions greater than or about 3% from both information above and IP household population of at least 250,000. The 2,400 sample was then split into these regions to arrive at the desired area cuts: • CAR • Other Selected Luzon Regions (Cagayan Valley, MIMAROPA) • Western Visayas • Other Mindanao Regions (Zamboanga Peninsula, Northern Mindanao, Davao, SOCCSKSARGEN, CARAGA) • BARMM

From the sample of 2,400, there were 240 PSUs across the 10 covered regions. The 240 PSUs covered were split proportionately across the 10 regions using the IP household population. The table below shows the sampling breakdown at regional level.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Available in the English language but conducted in either English or Tagalog

Response rate

To achieve 2,400 completed interviews, 12,131 households were approached/ knocked. Of the 12,131 households knocked, 2,273 refused, 3,028 gave no reply or door locked, and 4,430 were not eligible given the specific requirements that we were looking for. The response rate among eligible interviews is 51%. Response rate is higher in Luzon and lowest in Mindanao.

Abstract

Objectives:

The Labor Force Survey (LFS) aims to provide a quantitative framework for the preparation of plans and formulation of policies affecting the labor market.

Specifically, the survey is designed to provide statistics on levels and trends of employment, unemployment and underemployment for the country as a whole, and for each of the administrative regions.

Importance of the Labor Force Survey:

a. It provides a quantitative framework for the preparation of plans and formulation of policies affecting the labor market towards 1) creation and generation of gainful employment and livelihood opportunities 2) reduction of unemployment and promotion of employment 3) improvement of working conditions 4) enhancement of the welfare of a working person b. It provides statistics on levels and trends of employment and unemployment and underemployment for the country and regions; c. It is used for the projection of future manpower, which when compared with the future manpower requirements, will help identify employment and training needs; d. It helps in the assessment of the potential human resource available for economic development; and e. It identifies the differences in employment, unemployment, and underemployment according to the different economic, social and ethnic groups existing within the population.

Geographic coverage

The geographic coverage consists of the country's 17 administrative regions. The 17 regions are:

Region I - Ilocos,
Region II - Cagayan Valley, Region III - Central Luzon, Region IV-A - Calabarzon, Region IV-B - Mimaropa Region V - Bicol,
Region VI - Western Visayas,
Region VII - Central Visayas,
Region VIII - Eastern Visayas,
Region IX - Zamboanga Peninsula,
Region X - Northern Mindanao,
Region XI - Davao,
Region XII - Soccksargen,
Region XIII - National Capital Region (NCR),
Region XIV - Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR),
Region XV - Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) Region XVI - Caraga,

Starting this July 2003 round of the Labor Force Survey, the generation of the labor force and employment statistics adopted the 2003 Master Sample Design. - Using this new master sample design, the number of samples increased from 41,000 to around 51,000 sample households. - The province of Basilan is grouped under Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao while Isabela City (Basilan) is now grouped under Region IX. This is in consonance with the regional grouping under Executive Order No. 36. - The 1992 four-digit code for Philippine Standard Occupational Classification (PSOC) and 1994 Philippine Standard Industry Classification (PSIC) were used in classifying the occupation and industry. - Because of unavailability of data files for the province of Zamboanga Sibugay of Region IX and the provinces of Sulu and Lanao del Sur of ARMM on cut-off date, estimates at the national level and for the two regions exclude those of the said three provinces. Estimates for the three provinces will be included in the Final Results.

Analysis unit

Individuals

Universe

The LFS has as its target population, all household members of the sample housing units nationwide. A household is defined as an aggregate of persons, generally but not necessarily bound by ties of kinship, who live together under the same roof and eat together or share in common the household food. Household membership comprises the head of the household, relatives living with him such as his or her spouse, children, parent, brother or sister, son-in-law or daughter-in-law, grandson or granddaughter, and other relatives. Household membership likewise includes boarders, domestic helpers and non-relatives. A person who lives alone is considered a separate household.

Persons who reside in the institutions are not within the scope of the survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design of the Labor Force Survey (LFS) uses the sampling design of the 2003 Master Sample (MS) for Household Surveys that started July 2003.

Sampling Frame

As in most household surveys, the 2003 MS used an area sample design. The Enumeration Area Reference File (EARF) of the 2000 Census of Population and Housing (CPH) was utilized as sampling frame. The EARF contains the number of households by enumeration area (EA) in each barangay. This frame was used to form the primary sampling units (PSUs). With consideration of the period for which the 2003 MS will be in use, the PSUs were formed/defined as a barangay or a combination of barangays with at least 500 households.

Stratification Scheme

Startification involves the division of the entire population into non-overlapping subgroups called starta. Prior to sample selection, the PSUs in each domain were stratified as follows: 1) All large PSUs were treated as separate strata and were referred to as certainty selections (self-representing PSUs). A PSU was considered large if it has a large probability of selection. 2) All other PSUs were then stratified by province, highly urbanized city (HUC) and independent component city (ICC). 3) Within each province/HUC/ICC, the PSUs were further stratified or grouped with respect to some socio-economic variables that were related to poverty incidence. These variables were: (a) the proportion of strongly built houses (PSTRONG); (b) an indication of the proportion of households engaged in agriculture (AGRI); and (c) the per-capita income (PERCAPITA).

Sample Selection

To have some control over the subsample size, the PSUs were selected with probability proportional to some estimated measure of size. The size measure refers to the total number of households from the 2000 CPH. Because of the wide variation in PSU sizes, PSUs with selection probabilities greater than 1 were identified and were included in the sample as certainty selections.

At the second stage, enumeration areas (EAs) were selected within sampled PSUs, and at the third stage, housing units were selected within sampled EAs. Generally, all households in sampled housing units were enumerated, except for few cases when the number of households in a housing unit exceeds three. In which case, a sample of three households in a sampled housing unit was selected at random with equal probability.

An EA is defined as an area with discernable boundaries within barangays, consisting of about 150 contiguous households. These EAs were identified during the 2000 CPH. A housing unit is a structurally separate and independent place of abode which, by the way it has been constructed, converted, or arranged, is intended for habitation by a household

Sample Size

The 2003 Master Sample consist of a sample of 2,835 PSUs of which 330 were certainty PSUs and 2,505 were non certainty PSUs. The number of households for the 2000 CPH was used as measure of size. The entire MS was divided into four sub-samples or independent replicates, such as a quarter sample contains one fourth of the PSUs found in one replicate; a half-sample contains one-half of the PSUs in two replicates. Thus, the survey covers a nationwide sample of about 51,000 households deemed sufficient to measure the levels of employment and unemployment at the national and regional levels.

Strategy for non-response

Replacement of sample households within the sample housing units is allowed only if the listed sample households had moved out of the housing unit. Replacement should be the household currently residing in the sample housing unit previously occupied by the original sample.

Sampling deviation

Starting the July 2003 round of the Labor Force Survey, the generation of the labor force and employment statistics adopted the 2003 Master Sample Design. - Using this new master sample design, the number of samples increased from 41,000 to around 51,000 sample households.

• The province of Basilan is grouped under Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao while Isabela City (Basilan) is now grouped under Region IX. This is to adopt the regional grouping under Executive Order No.36.
• The 1992 four-digit code for Philippine Standard Occupational Classification (PSOC) and 1994 Philippine Standard Industry Classification (PSIC) were used in classifying the occupation and industry.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

ISH FORM 2 (LFS questionnaire) is a four-page, forty four-column questionnaire that is being used in the quarterly rounds of the Labor Force Survey nationwide. This questionnaire gathers data on the demographic and economic characteristics of the population.

On the first page of the questionnaire, the particulars about the geographic location, design codes and household auxiliary information of the sample household that is being interviewed are to be recorded. Certifications by the enumerator and his supervisor regarding the manner by which the data are collected are likewise to be made on this page.

The inside pages of the questionnaire contain the items to be determined about each member of the sample household. Columns 2 to 11 are for the demographic characteristics; columns 2 to 7A are to be ascertained of all members of the household regardless of age. Columns 8 to 9 are asked for members 5 years old and over, while column 10 is asked for members 5 to 24 years old, column 11, for 15 years old and over, while columns 12 to 16 are asked for members 5 years old and over. Items 18 to 44 on the other hand, are the series of items that will be asked of all the members 15 years old and over to determine their labor force and employment characteristics.

Most of the

Abstract

The Labor Force Survey (LFS) aims to provide a quantitative framework for the preparation of plans and formulation of policies affecting the labor market.

Specifically, the survey is designed to provide statistics on levels and trends of employment, unemployment and underemployment for the country as a whole, and for each of the administrative regions.

Importance of the Labor Force Survey:

a. It provides a quantitative framework for the preparation of plans and formulation of policies affecting the labor market towards 1) creation and generation of gainful employment and livelihood opportunities 2) reduction of unemployment and promotion of employment 3) improvement of working conditions 4) enhancement of the welfare of a working person b. It provides statistics on levels and trends of employment and unemployment and underemployment for the country and regions; c. It is used for the projection of future manpower, which when compared with the future manpower requirements, will help identify employment and training needs; d. It helps in the assessment of the potential human resource available for economic development; and e. It identifies the differences in employment, unemployment, and underemployment according to the different economic, social and ethnic groups existing within the population.

Geographic coverage

The geographic coverage consists of the country's 16 administrative regions. The 16 regions are:

Region I - Ilocos,
Region II - Cagayan Valley, Region III - Central Luzon, Region IV - Southern Tagalog,
Region V - Bicol,
Region VI - Western Visayas,
Region VII - Central Visayas,
Region VIII - Eastern Visayas,
Region IX - Western Mindanao,
Region X - Northern Mindanao,
Region XI - Southern Mindanao,
Region XII - Central Mindanao,
Region XIII - National Capital Region (NCR),
Region XIV - Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR),
Region XV - Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) Region XVI - Caraga.

Analysis unit

Individuals

Universe

The LFS has as its target population, all household members of the sample housing units nationwide. A household is defined as an aggregate of persons, generally but not necessarily bound by ties of kinship, who live together under the same roof and eat together or share in common the household food. Household membership comprises the head of the household, relatives living with him such as his or her spouse, children, parent, brother or sister, son-in-law or daughter-in-law, grandson or granddaughter, and other relatives. Household membership likewise includes boarders, domestic helpers and non-relatives. A person who lives alone is considered a separate household.

Persons who reside in the institutions are not within the scope of the survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

ISH FORM 2 (LFS questionnaire) is a four-page, forty four-column questionnaire that is being used in the quarterly rounds of the Labor Force Survey nationwide. This questionnaire gathers data on the demographic and economic characteristics of the population.

On the first page of the questionnaire, the particulars about the geographic location, design codes and household auxiliary information of the sample household that is being interviewed are to be recorded. Certifications by the enumerator and his supervisor regarding the manner by which the data are collected are likewise to be made on this page.

The inside pages of the questionnaire contain the items to be determined about each member of the sample household. Columns 2 to 11 are for the demographic characteristics; columns 2 to 7A are to be ascertained of all members of the household regardless of age. Columns 8 to 9 are asked for members 5 years old and over, while column 10 is asked for members 5 to 24 years old, column 11, for 15 years old and over, while columns 12 to 16 are asked for members 5 years old and over. Items 18 to 44 on the other hand, are the series of items that will be asked of all the members 15 years old and over to determine their labor force and employment characteristics.

Most of the questions have pre-coded responses. The possible answers with their corresponding codes are printed at the bottom of the page for easy reference. Only the appropriate codes need to be entered in the cells.

Other items, however, require write-in entries such as column 14 (primary occupation) and column 16 (kind of business/industry), etc. For such items, it is required that the enumerator describes the primary occupation or kind of business/industry.

Cleaning operations

Data processing involves two stages: manual processing and machine processing.

Manual processing is done at the provincial offices. This is the general review of the questionnaires. This process includes the folioing of the questionnaires, completeness and consistency checking of the responses, editing and coding of responses. This is done prior to machine processing. The average output per day is 50 questionnaires.

Abstract

The Labor Force Survey (LFS) aims to provide a quantitative framework for the preparation of plans and formulation of policies affecting the labor market.

Specifically, the survey is designed to provide statistics on levels and trends of employment, unemployment and underemployment for the country as a whole, and for each of the administrative regions.

Importance of the Labor Force Survey:

a. It provides a quantitative framework for the preparation of plans and formulation of policies affecting the labor market towards 1) creation and generation of gainful employment and livelihood opportunities 2) reduction of unemployment and promotion of employment 3) improvement of working conditions 4) enhancement of the welfare of a working person b. It provides statistics on levels and trends of employment and unemployment and underemployment for the country and regions; c. It is used for the projection of future manpower, which when compared with the future manpower requirements, will help identify employment and training needs; d. It helps in the assessment of the potential human resource available for economic development; and e. It identifies the differences in employment, unemployment, and underemployment according to the different economic, social and ethnic groups existing within the population.

Geographic coverage

The geographic coverage consists of the country's 16 administrative regions. The 16 regions are:

Region I - Ilocos,
Region II - Cagayan Valley, Region III - Central Luzon, Region IV-A - Calabarzon, Region IV-B - Mimaropa Region V - Bicol,
Region VI - Western Visayas,
Region VII - Central Visayas,
Region VIII - Eastern Visayas,
Region IX - Zamboanga Peninsula,
Region X - Northern Mindanao,
Region XI - Davao,
Region XII - Soccksargen,
Region XIII - National Capital Region (NCR),
Region XIV - Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR),
Region XV - Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) Region XVI - Caraga

Starting this July 2003 round of the Labor Force Survey, the generation of the labor force and employment statistics adopted the 2003 Master Sample Design. - Using this new master sample design, the number of samples increased from 41,000 to around 51,000 sample households. - The province of Basilan is grouped under Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao while Isabela City (Basilan) is now grouped under Region IX. This is in consonance with the regional grouping under Executive Order No. 36. - The 1992 four-digit code for Philippine Standard Occupational Classification (PSOC) and 1994 Philippine Standard Industry Classification (PSIC) were used in classifying the occupation and industry. - Because of unavailability of data files for the province of Zamboanga Sibugay of Region IX and the provinces of Sulu and Lanao del Sur of ARMM on cut-off date, estimates at the national level and for the two regions exclude those of the said three provinces. Estimates for the three provinces will be included in the Final Results.

Analysis unit

Individuals

Universe

The LFS has as its target population, all household members of the sample housing units nationwide. A household is defined as an aggregate of persons, generally but not necessarily bound by ties of kinship, who live together under the same roof and eat together or share in common the household food. Household membership comprises the head of the household, relatives living with him such as his or her spouse, children, parent, brother or sister, son-in-law or daughter-in-law, grandson or granddaughter, and other relatives. Household membership likewise includes boarders, domestic helpers and non-relatives. A person who lives alone is considered a separate household.

Persons who reside in the institutions are not within the scope of the survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design of the Labor Force Survey (LFS) uses the sampling design of the 2003 Master Sample (MS) for Household Surveys that started July 2003.

Sampling Frame

As in most household surveys, the 2003 MS used an area sample design. The Enumeration Area Reference File (EARF) of the 2000 Census of Population and Housing (CPH) was utilized as sampling frame. The EARF contains the number of households by enumeration area (EA) in each barangay. This frame was used to form the primary sampling units (PSUs). With consideration of the period for which the 2003 MS will be in use, the PSUs were formed/defined as a barangay or a combination of barangays with at least 500 households.

Stratification Scheme

Startification involves the division of the entire population into non-overlapping subgroups called starta. Prior to sample selection, the PSUs in each domain were stratified as follows: 1) All large PSUs were treated as separate strata and were referred to as certainty selections (self-representing PSUs). A PSU was considered large if it has a large probability of selection. 2) All other PSUs were then stratified by province, highly urbanized city (HUC) and independent component city (ICC). 3) Within each province/HUC/ICC, the PSUs were further stratified or grouped with respect to some socio-economic variables that were related to poverty incidence. These variables were: (a) the proportion of strongly built houses (PSTRONG); (b) an indication of the proportion of households engaged in agriculture (AGRI); and (c) the per-capita income (PERCAPITA).

Sample Selection

To have some control over the subsample size, the PSUs were selected with probability proportional to some estimated measure of size. The size measure refers to the total number of households from the 2000 CPH. Because of the wide variation in PSU sizes, PSUs with selection probabilities greater than 1 were identified and were included in the sample as certainty selections.

At the second stage, enumeration areas (EAs) were selected within sampled PSUs, and at the third stage, housing units were selected within sampled EAs. Generally, all households in sampled housing units were enumerated, except for few cases when the number of households in a housing unit exceeds three. In which case, a sample of three households in a sampled housing unit was selected at random with equal probability.

An EA is defined as an area with discernable boundaries within barangays, consisting of about 150 contiguous households. These EAs were identified during the 2000 CPH. A housing unit is a structurally separate and independent place of abode which, by the way it has been constructed, converted, or arranged, is intended for habitation by a household

Sample Size

The 2003 Master Sample consist of a sample of 2,835 PSUs of which 330 were certainty PSUs and 2,505 were non certainty PSUs. The number of households for the 2000 CPH was used as measure of size. The entire MS was divided into four sub-samples or independent replicates, such as a quarter sample contains one fourth of the PSUs found in one replicate; a half-sample contains one-half of the PSUs in two replicates. Thus, the survey covers a nationwide sample of about 51,000 households deemed sufficient to measure the levels of employment and unemployment at the national and regional levels.

Strategy for non-response

Replacement of sample households within the sample housing units is allowed only if the listed sample households had moved out of the housing unit. Replacement should be the household currently residing in the sample housing unit previously occupied by the original sample.

Sampling deviation

Starting the July 2003 round of the Labor Force Survey, the generation of the labor force and employment statistics adopted the 2003 Master Sample Design. - Using this new master sample design, the number of samples increased from 41,000 to around 51,000 sample households.

• The province of Basilan is grouped under Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao while Isabela City (Basilan) is now grouped under Region IX. This is to adopt the regional grouping under Executive Order No.36.
• The 1992 four-digit code for Philippine Standard Occupational Classification (PSOC) and 1994 Philippine Standard Industry Classification (PSIC) were used in classifying the occupation and industry.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

ISH FORM 2 (LFS questionnaire) is a four-page, forty four-column questionnaire that is being used in the quarterly rounds of the Labor Force Survey nationwide. This questionnaire gathers data on the demographic and economic characteristics of the population.

On the first page of the questionnaire, the particulars about the geographic location, design codes and household auxiliary information of the sample household that is being interviewed are to be recorded. Certifications by the enumerator and his supervisor regarding the manner by which the data are collected are likewise to be made on this page.

The inside pages of the questionnaire contain the items to be determined about each member of the sample household. Columns 2 to 11 are for the demographic characteristics; columns 2 to 7A are to be ascertained of all members of the household regardless of age. Columns 8 to 9 are asked for members 5 years old and over, while column 10 is asked for members 5 to 24 years old, column 11, for 15 years old and over, while columns 12 to 16 are asked for members 5 years old and over. Items 18 to 44 on the other hand, are the series of items that will be asked of all the members 15 years old and over to determine their labor force and employment characteristics.

Most of the questions have pre-coded responses. The possible answers with their corresponding

Abstract

The 2008 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS) is conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) as a rider to the July 2008 Labor Force Survey (LFS). The 2008 APIS is the sixth in the series of annual poverty indicators surveys conducted nationwide. Since 1998, APIS has been conducted during the years when the Family Income and Expenditures Survey (FIES) is not conducted, except in 2001 and 2005 due to budgetary constraints.

The APIS is a nationwide survey designed to provide non-income indicators related to poverty at the national and regional levels. It is designed to gather data on the socio-economic profile of families and other information that are related to their living conditions. Specifically, it generates indicators which are correlated with poverty, such as indicators regarding the ownership or possession of house and lot, the types of the materials of the roofs and walls of their housing units, their access to safe water, the types of toilet facility they use in their homes, and presence of family members of specified characteristics such as children 6-12 years old enrolled in elementary, children 13-16 years old enrolled in high school, members 18 years old and over gainfully employed, working children 5-17 years old and family members with membership in any health, life and/or pre-need insurance system.

The APIS is being undertaken by the National Statistics Office as mandataed by Commonwealth Act 591 which authorizes the then Bureau of the Census and Statistics, now NSO, "to conduct by enumeration, sampling or other methods, for statistical purposes, studies of the social and economic situation of the country" and in consonance with the provision of Executive Order 121 which designated the office as the "major statistical agency responsible for generating general purpose statistics.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage Seventeen (17) Administrative Regions: National Capital Region (NCR) Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) I - Ilocos II - Cagayan Valley III - Central Luzon IVA - CALABARZON IVB - MIMAROPA V - Bicol VI - Western Visayas VII - Central Visayas VIII - Eastern Visayas IX - Zamboanga Peninsula X - Northern Mindanao XI - Davao XII - SOCCSKSARGEN XIII - Caraga Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

The survey covered all households.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 2008 APIS is a sample survey designed to provide data representative of the country and its 17 administrative regions. The survey's sample design helps ensure this representativeness. The 2008 APIS used the 2003 master sample created for household surveys on the basis of the 2000 Census of Population and Housing (CPH) results. The survey used four replicates of the master sample. For each region (domain) and stratum, a three-stage sampling scheme was used: the selection of primary sampling units (PSUs) for the first stage, of sample enumeration areas (EAs) for the second stage, and of sample housing units for the third stage. PSUs within a region were stratified based on the proportion of households living in housing units made of strong materials, proportion of households in the barangay engaged in agricultural activities and per capita income of the city/municipality.

As earlier mentioned, a three-stage sampling design was used in each stratum within a region. In the first stage, primary sampling units (PSUs) were selected with probability proportional to the number of households in the 2000 Census. PSUs consisted of a barangay or a group of contiguous barangays. In the second stage, in each sampled PSU, EAs were selected with probability proportional to the number of households in the 2000 Census. An EA is defined as an area with discernable boundaries consisting of approximately 350 contiguous households. In the third stage, from each sampled EA, housing units were selected using systematic sampling. For operational considerations, at most 30 housing units were selected per sample EA. All households in sample housing units were interviewed except for sample housing units with more than three households. In such a housing unit, three households were randomly selected with equal probability.

The 2008 APIS was conducted simultaneously with the July 2008 Labor Force Survey (LFS). All sample households of the July 2008 LFS were interviewed for the 2008 APIS. Only household members related to the household head by blood, marriage or adoption were considered as members of the sample household in APIS. Family members of the household head who are working abroad were excluded.

Sampling deviation

NA

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Although questions on 'Changes in Welfare' were dropped and some items were modified for the 2008 APIS, most of the questions/items in the previous APISs were retained as requested by data users. Nine items were added in order to generate data that will be more useful in assessing the poverty situation in the country. The new questionnaire for the 2008 contains the abridged version of the module on entrepreneurial activities resulting to the reduction of the number of pages from 24 to 12. The decision to use the abridged version was based on the results of the study entitled “Redesigning APIS as a Poverty Monitoring Tool” undertaken by the Demographic and Social Statistics Division in 2006. The redesigned questionnaire produced results which are not statistically different from results based on the original design in 2004. The use of the redesigned questionnaire is also cost-efficient.

A round table discussion was held for the 2008 APIS before the conduct of the pretest. The redesigned APIS questionnaire based from the project's output was presented. It was agreed upon during this meeting to adopt the redesigned APIS for this round of APIS, with the addition of item on 'Hunger'.

Cleaning operations

Flow of Processing Activity

In order to implement a systematic flow of the processing activities and reduce the movement of questionnaires from one employee to another, the same processor performed the following specific activities for the same folio. 1. General screening; 2. Editing and coding of APIS questionnaires and computations of totals ; and 3. General review of edited APIS questionnaire.

Folioing

To facilitate handling during manual and machine processing, APIS questionnaires were folioed in the Provincial Office before the start of manual processing.

The APIS questionnaires for one sample barangay/EA contained in the folio was arranged consecutively according to the sample housing serial number (SHSN) from lowest to highest.

General Screening

General screening was done by going over the submitted accomplished questionnaires and checking for the completeness of the geographic identification and other information called for in the cover page.

General screening for APIS questionnaires was done to ensure that the geographic and household identification and the entire sample households are the same with the MS Form 6.

General Instructions on Manual Processing

The following instructions was observed in manual processing.

1. Prior to editing and coding of items, the questionnaires were checked if they were properly folioed. Folioing was done in the province. Regional Offices checked if folioing was done properly by the Provincial Offices.

2. All questionnaires for one folio was assigned to only one editor/coder, unless otherwise necessary (e.g., when the one who is processing a folio is absent for more than a day).

3. In general, the editors assumed that the original entries are correct. Editing was done only when an entry is obviously incorrect. A doubtful or inconsistent item was verified in the field.

Response rate

Of the 43,020 eligible sample households for the 2008 APIS, 40,613 were successfully interviewed. This translated to a response rate of 94.4 percent at the national level. Households which were not interviewed either refused to be interviewed or were not available or were away during the enumeration period.

Sampling error estimates

Sampling errors have been calculated for the following variables: 1) Percentage of Families with Own or Ownerlike Possession of House and Lot they Occupy 2) Percentage of Families Living in Houses with Roof Made of Strong Materials 3) Percentage of Families Living in Houses with Outer Walls Made of Strong Materials 4) Percentage of Families with Electricity in the Building/House They Reside in 5) Percentage of Families with Access to Safe Water Supply 6) Percentage of Families with Sanitary Toilet 7) Percentage of Families with Children 6-12 Years Old in Elementary Grades 8) Percentage of Families with Children 13-16 Years Old in High School 9) Percentage of Families with Members 18 Years Old and Over Gainfully Employed 10) Percentage of Families with Working Children 5-17 Years Old 11) Average Family Income 12) Average Family Expenditure

Data appraisal

A series of data quality tables were generated to review the quality of the data and include the following: - Age distribution of the household population - Highest grade completed versus current grade - Highest grade completed versus age - Current grade versus age - Reason for not attending school versus highest grade completed - Reason for not attending school versus current grade - Marital status versus age - Consistency of income vs. expenditure

Abstract

The Labor Force Survey (LFS) is a nationwide survey of households conducted quarterly to gather data on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population. It is primarily geared towards the estimation of the levels of employment and unemployment in the country. One of the objectives of the Labor Force Survey is to provide a quantitative framework for the preparation of plans and formulation of policies affecting the labor market. Specifically, the survey is designed to provide statistics on levels and trends of employment, unemployment and underemployment of the country, as a whole, and for the 17 administrative regions.

A total national sample of 42,768 sample housholds (rounds with Batanes sample) or 42,576 sample households (rounds without Batanes sample) will be alloted per survey round deemed sufficient to provide more precise and reliable estimates at the national and regional levels only.

The survey involves the collection of data on demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population in general. The reporting unit is the household which means that statistics emanating from this survey refers to the characteristics of the population residing in private households. Persons who belongs to the institutional population are not within the scope of the survey.

Geographic coverage

The sample was selected to allow separate estimates for the national level, and regional levels only (17 administrative regions).

National Capital Region (NCR) Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) Region I - Ilocos Region Region II - Cagayan Valley Region III - Central Luzon Region IV-A - CALABARZON Region IV-B - MIMAROPA Region V - Bicol Region Region VI - Western Visayas Region VII - Central Visayas Region VIII - Eastern Visayas Region IX - Zamboanga Peninsula Region X - Northern Mindanao Region XI - Davao Region Region XII - SOCCSKSARGEN Caraga Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)

Analysis unit

Individual or Person Persons 15 years old and over

Universe

The survey covered all household members of the sample households.

Considered as members of a household are:

a. Persons who are present at the time of visit, whose usual place of residence is the sample household regardless of their length of stay in the household;

b. Persons who are present at the time of visit, whose usual place of residence is outside the sample household but have stayed temporarily with the sample household, for at least 30 days;

c. Persons who are present at the time of visit, whose usual place of residence is outside the sample household but have stayed with the sample household even for less than 30 days, provided that they have been away from their usual place of residence for 30 days or more;

d. Persons who are not present at the time of visit, but are expected to return within 30 days from date of departure to their usual place of residence, which is the sample household; and

e. The following family members who are away at the time of visit:

 1 . Overseas contract workers (OCWs);

 2. Other overseas Filipino workers who have been away for not more than five years from the date of departure, and are expected to be back within five years from the date of last departure;

 3. Employees in Philippine embassies, consulates and other missions; and

 4. Students abroad/tourists who have been away for one year or less and are expected to be back within a year from the date of departure. This category also includes those attending training abroad, medical treatment and missionaries.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 2013 Master Sample for household-based survey:

In order to be more effecient in the conduct of household based-surveys, the PSA designed a master sample consists of randomly assigned and selected set of geographic areas with non-overlapping and discernable boundaries known as the primary sampling units (PSUs). The primary sampling unit (PSU) can be (1) the whole barangay, or (2) a portion of a large barangay, or (3) combinations of small barangays.

Provinces and Highly Urbanized Ciities as Sampling Domain

To provide sub-national or provincial level statistics with precise estimates the 2013 MS has 117 major domains as follows: 81 provinces (including the newly created province Davao Occidental); 33 highly urbanized cities (HUC) (including 16 citiies in the National Capital Region; and 3 other areas (Pateros, Isabela City, and Cotabato City).

Primary Sampling Units

In the 2013 MS design each sampling diomain(i.e., province/HUC is divided into exhaustive and non-overlapping area segments known as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) with about 100 to 400 households. Thus, a PSU can be a barangay/Enumeration Area (EA) or a portion of a large barangay or two or more adjacent small barangays/EAs. The PSUs are then ordered according to the following: (1) North-South/West-East Geographic location; (2)decreasing proporion of households with overseas workers; and (3) decreasing wealth index.

Replicates

From the ordered list of PSUs, all possible systematic samples of 6 PSUs will be drawn to form a replicate for the most of the province domain i.e., 75 out of 81 provinces while all possible systemmatic sample of 8 PSUs will be drawn to form a replicate for most of the HUCs, i.e., 31 of 33 HUCs. Small province domains such as Guimaras, Siquijor, Camiguin, Apayao, and Dinagat Isalnds will have 3 PSUs per replicate. Batanes with very less PSUs formed will have 3 PSUs per replicate but will be covered twice a year only (i.e., January and July rounds only). For other HUCs, San Juan City and Lucena City will have 3 and 5 PSUs per replicate, while the other urban areas, Pateros, and City of Isabela will also have 3 PSUs per replicate while Cotabato City will be allocated with 5 PSUs per replicate.

For instance, in Cagayan with 1008 PSUs formed, a total 1008/6 = 168 possible systematic samples of size 6 or 168 R groups or replicates can be made. The 168 replicates formed are then sorted at random so that the first 4 replicates will be in the first round, next 4 in the second round, and so on.

Sample Allocation Scheme

For each domain, a total of 4 sample replicates will be allotted for each survey round. However, the total number of sample SSUs will be alloted proportionately to the measure of size of the PSU. Thus, a PSU with only 100 households would have less number of samples households than PSUs with 400 households but on the average there will be 12 sample households allotted for each PSU in HUCs and an average of 16 sample households alloted for every PSUs in province domains.

A total national sample of 42,768 sample households (rounds with Batanes sample) or 42,576 sample households (rounds without Batanes sample) will be allotted per survey round.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

ISH FORM 2 (LFS questionnaire) is a four-page, forty three-column questionnaire that is being used in the quarterly rounds of the Labor Force Survey nationwide. This questionnaire gathers data on the demographic and economic characteristics of the population.

On the first page of the questionnaire, the particulars about the geographic location, design codes and household auxiliary information of the sample household that is being interviewed are to be recorded. Certifications by the enumerator and his supervisor regarding the manner by which the data are collected are likewise to be made on this page.

The inside pages of the questionnaire contain the items to be determined about each member of the sample household. Columns 2 to 10 are for the demographic characteristics; columns 2 to 5A are to be ascertained of all members of the household regardless of age. Columns 6 to 7 are asked for members 5 years old and over, while column 8 is asked for members 5 to 24 years old, column 9 to 10, for 15 years old and over, while columns 11 to 15 are asked for members 5 years old and over. Columns 18 to 42 on the other hand, are the series of items that will be asked of all the members 15 years old and over to determine their labor force and employment characteristics.

Other Relevant Information: The question on hunger experienced by any member of the family because they did not have food to eat, was asked to the head of the household. If in question A, the answer is Yes the frequency of experiencing hunger was asked in question B.

Most of the questions have pre-coded responses. The possible answers with their corresponding codes are printed at the bottom of the page for easy reference. Only the appropriate codes need to be entered in the cells.

Other items, however, require write-in entries such as column 14 (primary occupation) and column 16 (kind of business/industry), etc. For such items, it is required that the enumerator describes the primary occupation or kind of business/industry.

The ISH Form 2 is provided as Technical Documents.

Cleaning operations

Data Processing

Verification and review of questionnaires

The SRs were expected to have verified the completeness of the questionnaires, correctness of the entries, consistency of the entries in the different related items, and the correctness of the codes that were entered in the boxes before the questionnaires were submitted to the Assistant Provincial Supervisor or the Provincial Supervisor. Use the list of sample barangays/EAs provided for coding the region, provinces, municipalities and barangays.

The Assistant Provincial Supervisor or the Provincial Supervisor. upon receipt of the questionnaires reviewed the forms and code the responses for occupation