The statistic shows the Hindu population in India in 2011, by state and union territory. The region with the highest Hindu population was Uttar Pradesh, followed by the state of Maharashtra, with close to ** million Hindus. The region with the least Hindu population was Lakshadweep in that year. The countries with the largest number of Hindus in 2010 can be found here.

The Vatican City, often called the Holy See, has the smallest population worldwide, with only *** inhabitants. It is also the smallest country in the world by size. The islands Niue, Tuvalu, and Nauru followed in the next three positions. On the other hand, India is the most populous country in the world, with over *** billion inhabitants.

In 2022, the union territory of Delhi had the highest urban population density of over ** thousand persons per square kilometer. While the rural population density was highest in union territory of Puducherry, followed by the state of Bihar.

According to 2001 Census, 72.22 per cent of Indians live in about 6,38,691 villages. You know that in 1901, 89.2 % of Indians resided in villages and by 1961 this percentage had reduced to 82.03. It shows a declining trend which is bound to continue. There is, however, no doubt that even today a significant proportion of Indians lives in and derives livelihood from villages. Thus, ‘rural society’ assumes a considerable significance in any form of discussion on development. Bureau of the Census of the United States defines a rural community on the basis of the size and the density of population at a particular place. In India, on the other hand, the term ‘rural’ is defined in terms of revenue: the village means the ‘revenue village’. It might be one large village or a cluster of small villages. According to the Census Commission of India, a village is an entity identified by its name and a definite boundary. You may have observed that the Indian villages exhibit a great deal of diversity. Different states in India have different numbers of villages. According to the Census of India – 1991, the largest number of villages (1,12,566) is found in undivided Uttar Pradesh, followed by undivided Madhya Pradesh (71,352), undivided Bihar (67,546), Orissa (46,553), and Maharashtra (39,354). The smallest villages having the smallest populations are in the states of Sikkim (440) and Nagaland (1,112).

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Household, Individual

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample Design Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 60th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) will be the 1991 census villages in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) will be households in both the sectors. In case of large villages/blocks requiring hamlet-group (hg)/sub-block (sb) formation, one intermediate stage will be the selection of two hgs/sbs from each FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of Census 1991 villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) and Census 1981 villages for J & K will constitute the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks will be considered as the sampling frame.

Stratification Rural sector: Two special strata will be formed at the State/ UT level, viz.

Stratum 1: all FSUs with population between 0 to 50 and Stratum 2: FSUs with population more than 15,000.

Special stratum 1 will be formed if at least 50 such FSUs are found in a State/UT. Similarly, special stratum 2 will be formed if at least 4 such FSUs are found in a State/UT. Otherwise, such FSUs will be merged with the general strata.

From FSUs other than those covered under special strata 1 and 2, general strata will be formed and its numbering will start from 3. Each district of a State/UT will normally be treated as a separate stratum. However, if the census rural population of the district is greater than or equal to 2.5 million as per population census 2001 or 2 million as per population census 1991, the district will be split into two or more strata, by grouping contiguous tehsils to form strata. However, in Gujarat, some districts are not wholly included in an NSS region. In such cases, the part of the district falling in an NSS region will constitute a separate stratum.

Urban sector: In the urban sector, strata will be formed within each NSS region on the basis of size class of towns as per Population Census 2001. The stratum numbers and their composition (within each region) are given below.

stratum 1: all towns with population less than 50,000 stratum 2: all towns with population 50,000 or more but less than 2 lakhs stratum 3: all towns with population 2 lakhs or more but less than 10 lakhs stratum 4, 5, 6,...: each town with population 10 lakhs or more

The stratum numbers will remain as above even if, in some regions, some of the strata are not formed.

Total sample size (FSUs): 7612 FSUs have been allocated at all-India level on the basis of investigator strength in different States/UTs for central sample and 8260 for state sample.

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs is allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to provisional population as per Census 2001 subject to the availability of investigators ensuring more or less uniform work-load.

Allocation of State/UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/UT level sample is allocated between two sectors in proportion to provisional population as per Census 2001 with 1.5 weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. Earlier practice of giving double weightage to urban sector has been modified considering the fact that there has been considerable growth in urban population. A minimum of 8 FSUs will be allocated to each state/UT separately for rural and urban areas.

Allocation to strata: Within each sector of a State/UT, the respective sample size will be allocated to the different strata in proportion to the stratum population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum level will be adjusted to a multiple of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4.

Selection of FSUs: FSUs will be selected with Probability Proportional to Size With Replacement (PPSWR), size being the population as per Population Census 1991 in all the strata for rural sector except for stratum 1. In stratum 1 of rural sector and in all the strata of urban sector, selection will be done using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Within each stratum, samples will be drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples in both the rural and urban sectors.

Note: Detail sampling procedure is provided as external resource.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Schedule 10: Employment and Unemployment

Block 0- Descriptive identification of sample household: This block is meant for recording descriptive identification particulars of the sample household and the sample village/block to which the sample household belongs.

Block 1- Identification of sample household: The identification particulars of the sample household are to be recorded against items 1, 5 to 15.

Block 2- Particulars of field operation: The identity of the Investigator, Assistant Superintendent and Superintendent associated, date of survey/inspection/scrutiny of Schedules, despatch, etc., will be recorded in this block against the appropriate items in the relevant columns.

Block 3- Household characteristics: Certain household characteristics, such as, household size, household type, religion, social-group, household industry, household occupation, monthly household consumer expenditure, land possessed as on the date of survey (code) etc., will be recorded in this block.

Block 4- Demographic and usual activity particulars of household members: This block is meant to record the demographic particulars like sex, age, marital status, educational level etc. and usual principal activity and usual subsidiary activity particulars of all the household members.

Block 5- Time disposition of members during the week: This block is meant for recording the time disposition for all the 7 days preceding the date of survey, the current weekly status based on the 7 days time disposition, wage and salary earnings during the week, etc.

Block 6- Follow-up questions for persons unemployed on all the seven days of the week: This block is meant for collecting information on persons who are found to be unemployed on all the seven days of the week preceding the date of survey.

Block 7- Particulars of vocational training received by household members: Particulars of formal vocational training received will be collected in respect of all the household members who are in the age group 15-29 with minimum general education level middle and above but below graduate (i.e with codes 05 to 08 in column 7, block 4) and for those who are graduate in vocational courses within the age group 15-29.

Block 8- Household consumer expenditure: This block is meant for collecting household consumer expenditure information which is the sum total of monetary values of all goods and services consumed (out of purchase or procured otherwise) by the household on domestic account during a specific reference period.

Block 9- Remarks by investigator: Any remark which is considered necessary for explaining any peculiarity in the consumption pattern of the household or any other item-specific unusual feature of the household or of any member thereof will be noted here.

Block 10- Comments by supervisory officer(s): The supervisory officers should note their views on any aspect pertaining to the characteristics under enquiry in this schedule relating to the household or any member thereof.

Abstract

The schedule on morbidity and health care (Schedule 25.0) framed for the 60th round consists of 13 blocks. The different blocks of the schedule are: Block 0: descriptive identification of sample household Block 1: identification of sample household Block 2: particulars of field operation Block 3: household characteristics Block 4: demographic particulars of household members Block 5: particulars of earstwhile household members who died during last 365 days Block 6: particulars of economic independence and ailments for persons aged 60 years and above Block 7: particulars of medical treatment received as inpatient of a hospital during last 365 days Block 8: expenses incurred for treatment of members treated as impatient of hospital during last 365 days and source of finance Block 9: particulars of spells of ailment of household members during last 15 days (including hospitalisation) Block 10: expenses incurred during last 15 days for treatment of members (not as an inpatient of hospital) and source of finance Block 11: particulars of immunisation of children (0 - 4 yrs.), pre-natal and post-natal care for ever married women of age below 50 years during last 365 days Block 12: remarks by investigator Block 13: comments by supervisory officer(s)

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample Design

Outline of sample design

A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 60th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) will be the 1991 census villages in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) will be households in both the sectors. In case of large villages/blocks requiring hamlet-group (hg)/sub-block (sb) formation, one intermediate stage will be the selection of two hgs/sbs from each FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units

For the rural sector, the list of Census 1991 villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) and Census 1981 villages for J & K will constitute the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks will be considered as the sampling frame.

Stratification

Rural sector: Two special strata will be formed at the State/ UT level, viz. Stratum 1: all FSUs with population between 0 to 50 and Stratum 2: FSUs with population more than 15,000.

Special stratum 1 will be formed if at least 50 such FSUs are found in a State/UT. Similarly, special stratum 2 will be formed if at least 4 such FSUs are found in a State/UT. Otherwise, such FSUs will be merged with the general strata. From FSUs other than those covered under special strata 1 and 2, general strata will be formed and its numbering will start from 3. Each district of a State/UT will normally be treated as a separate stratum. However, if the census rural population of the district is greater than or equal to 2.5 million as per population census 2001 or 2 million as per population census 1991, the district will be split into two or more strata, by grouping contiguous tehsils to form strata. However, in Gujarat, some districts are not wholly included in an NSS region. In such cases, the part of the district falling in an NSS region will constitute a separate stratum.

Urban sector: In the urban sector, strata will be formed within each NSS region on the basis of size class of towns as per Population Census 2001. The stratum numbers and their composition (within each region) are given below. stratum 1 : all towns with population less than 50,000
stratum 2 : all towns with population 50,000 or more but less than 2 lakhs
stratum 3 : all towns with population 2 lakhs or more but less than 10 lakhs
stratum 4, 5, 6,...: each town with population 10 lakhs or more

The stratum numbers will remain as above even if, in some regions, some of the strata are not formed.

Total sample size (FSUs)

7612 FSUs have been allocated at all-India level on the basis of investigator strength in different States/UTs for central sample and 8260 for state sample.

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs

The total number of sample FSUs is allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to provisional population as per Census 2001 subject to the availability of investigators ensuring more or less uniform work-load.

Allocation of State/UT level sample to rural and urban sectors

State/UT level sample is allocated between two sectors in proportion to provisional population as per Census 2001 with 1.5 weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. Earlier practice of giving double weightage to urban sector has been modified considering the fact that there has been considerable growth in urban population. A minimum of 8 FSUs will be allocated to each state/UT separately for rural and urban areas.

Allocation to strata:

Within each sector of a State/UT, the respective sample size will be allocated to the different strata in proportion to the stratum population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum level will be adjusted to a multiple of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4.

Selection of FSUs

FSUs will be selected with Probability Proportional to Size With Replacement (PPSWR), size being the population as per Population Census 1991 in all the strata for rural sector except for stratum 1. In stratum 1 of rural sector and in all the strata of urban sector, selection will be done using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Within each stratum, samples will be drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples in both the rural and urban sectors.

Selection of hamlet-groups/sub-blocks/households - important steps

Proper identification of the FSU boundaries: The first task of the field investigators is to ascertain the exact boundaries of the sample FSU as per its identification particulars given in the sample list. For urban samples, the boundaries of each Urban Frame Survey (UFS) block may be identified by referring to the map corresponding to the frame code specified in the sample list (even though map of the block for a latter period of the UFS might be available).

Criterion for hamlet-group/sub-block formation: After identification of the FSU, it is to be determined whether listing will be done in the whole sample FSU or not. In case the population of the selected village or block is found to be 1200 or more, it will be divided into a suitable number (say, D) of „hamlet-groups? in the rural sector and „sub-blocks? in the urban sector as stated below. less than 1200 (no hamlet-groups/sub-blocks) 1
1200 to 1799 3
1800 to 2399 4
2400 to 2999 5
3000 to 3599 6
…………..and so on

For rural areas of Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Nagaland and Poonch, Rajouri, Udhampur, Doda districts of Jammu and Kashmir and Idukki district of Kerala, the number of hamlet-groups will be formed as follows. approximate present population of the sample village no. of hgs to be formed
less than 600 (no hamlet-groups) 1
600 to 899 3
900 to 1199 4
1200 to 1499 5
.………..and so on

Two hamlet-groups/sub-blocks will be selected from a large village/UFS block wherever hamlet-groups/sub-blocks have been formed, by SRSWOR. Listing and selection of the households will be done independently in the two selected hamlet-groups/sub-blocks.

Formation of hamlet-groups/sub-blocks: In case hamlet-groups/sub-blocks are to be formed in the sample FSU, the same should be done by more or less equalizing population (details are in Chapter Two). Note that while doing so, it is to be ensured that the hamlet-groups/sub-blocks formed are clearly identifiable in terms of physical landmarks.

Listing of households: Having determined the hamlet-groups/sub-blocks, i.e. area(s) to be considered for listing, the next step is to list all the households (including those found to be temporarily locked after ascertaining the temporariness of locking of households through local enquiry). The hamlet-group/sub-block with sample hg/sb number 1 will be listed first and that with sample hg/sb number 2 will be listed next.

Formation of Second Stage Strata and allocation of households for Schedule 25.0

In each selected village/block/hamlet-group/sub-block, four second stage strata (SSS) will be formed as given below. SSS 1: households with at least one member hospitalised during last 365 days
SSS 2: from the remaining households, households having at least one child of age below 5 years
SSS 3: from the remaining households, households with at least one member of age 60 years or above
SSS 4: other households

Selection of households for Schedules 1.0, 10 and 25.0

From each SSS the sample households for all the schedules will be selected by SRSWOR. If a household is selected for more than one schedule only one schedule will be canvassed in that household in the priority order of Schedule 1.0, Schedule 10 and Schedule 25.0 and in that case the household will be replaced for the other schedule. If a household is selected for Schedule 1.0 it will not be selected for Schedule 10 or Schedule 25.0. Similarly, if a household is not selected for Schedule 1.0 but selected for Schedule 10 it will not be selected for Schedule 25.0. However, for the household, selected from SSS1 of Schedule 25.0, the Schedule 25.0 will be canvassed even if the household is selected for other schedules.

Sampling

Abstract

The World Values Survey (www.worldvaluessurvey.org) is a global network of social scientists studying changing values and their impact on social and political life, led by an international team of scholars, with the WVS association and secretariat headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. The survey, which started in 1981, seeks to use the most rigorous, high-quality research designs in each country. The WVS consists of nationally representative surveys conducted in almost 100 countries which contain almost 90 percent of the world’s population, using a common questionnaire. The WVS is the largest non-commercial, cross-national, time series investigation of human beliefs and values ever executed, currently including interviews with almost 400,000 respondents. Moreover the WVS is the only academic study covering the full range of global variations, from very poor to very rich countries, in all of the world’s major cultural zones. The WVS seeks to help scientists and policy makers understand changes in the beliefs, values and motivations of people throughout the world. Thousands of political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists and economists have used these data to analyze such topics as economic development, democratization, religion, gender equality, social capital, and subjective well-being. These data have also been widely used by government officials, journalists and students, and groups at the World Bank have analyzed the linkages between cultural factors and economic development.

Geographic coverage

India

Analysis unit

Household Individual

Universe

National Population, Both sexes,18 and more years

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample size: 2002

As part of the India component of the World Values Survey, it was decided to conduct 2000 face-toface interviews. A rigorous scientific method was employed to generate the target sample for the study. The survey was conducted in 18 states of India, which covered nearly 97 % of the nations population.

40 districts in the country were identified for the purpose of the survey (a little less than 1/10 of the districts in the country: 466 districts as per 1991 census). The 40 districts were spread across the 18 states, in which the survey was conducted keeping in mind the population of the states, even while ensuring that the survey was conducted in at least one district in each of the sampled states.

Within each state, the district/s in which the survey was to be conducted was selected by circular sampling (PPS: Probability Proportion to Size). Once all the 40 districts were selected, the Lok Sabha (Lower House of the Indian Parliament)constituency that covered the district was identified. If the sampled district had more than one Lok Sabha constituency, the one, which had a larger proportion of the districts electorate, was selected.

The next stage in the sampling process was the selection of 2 State Assembly (Lower House of the State Legislature) constituencies in each of the sampled 40 Lok Sabha constituencies. Circular Sampling (PPS: Probability Proportion to Size) was once again employed. Thus, 80 Assembly Constituencies in 40 Lok Sabha constituencies (in 40 districts) were selected. Subsequently, a polling booth area in each of the 80 sampled Assembly constituencies was selected by simple circular sampling method.

The number of respondents to be interviewed in each state was determined on the basis of the proportion of the states share in the national population. This was equally divided among the polling booth areas that were sampled in a state. The number of respondents in the polling booth area was the same within a state, but varied from state to state. In a polling booth area, the respondents were selected from the electoral rolls (voters list) by circular sampling with a random first number.

While drawing up the random list of respondents to be interviewed in every sampled polling booth area, the number of target respondents was increased by nearly 20 %. This was done in view of the fact that the field investigators were required to interview only those respondents whose names were included in the sample list. No replacements or alteration in the list of sampled respondents was permitted. Previous survey experience has shown that it has never been possible for the investigator to interview all those included in the list of sampled respondents. A wide range of factors is responsible for the same. The investigators were told to make every effort to interview all those included in the list of respondents. In the event of the investigator not being able to complete an interview, they were asked to record the reason for the same. Such a rigorous method of sampling was followed in order to obtain as representative a national sample as possible. The analysis of the sample profile clearly indicates that the detailed and objective criteria employed has eminently served its purpose as the sample mirrors the nations social, economic, political, cultural and religious diversity.

Remarks about sampling: - Final numbers of clusters or sampling points: No clusters - Sample unit from office sampling: Named individual

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was translated into ten Indian languages by a specialist translator. A few modifications were undertaken in response categories for the scale answer questions. It was then back-translated to English. For each of the 10 languages the pre test was done on a sample of 5 each. There were several concepts and questions difficult to translate: more specifically v75/76/v103/v175/v208/v212/v229/. These problems were solved by developing new phrases close to the original statement or using it in the context of social reality The sample was designed to be representative of the entire adult population, i.e. 18 years and older, of your country. The lower age cut-off for the sample was 18 and there was not any upper age cut-off for the sample.

Response rate

The following table presents completion rate results: - Total number of starting names/addresses 2354 - Addresses which could not be traced at all 56 - Addresses established as empty, demolished or containing no private dwellings 39 - Selected respondent too sick/incapacitated to participate 29 - Selected respondent away during survey period 62 - Selected respondent had inadequate understanding of language of survey 27 - No contact at selected address 76 - No contact with selected person 31 - Refusal at selected address 34 - Full productive interviews 2002

Sampling error estimates

Estimated Error: 2,2

POPULATION PROIECTIONS FOR INDIA AND STATES 2011 – 2036 (Downscaled to District, Sub-Districts and Villages/Towns by Esri India)REPORT OF THE TECHNICAL GROUP ON POPULATION PROIECTTONSJuly, 2020The projected population figures provided by the Registrar General of India forms the basis for planning and implementation of various health interventions including RMNCH+A, which are aimed at improving the overall health outcomes by ensuring quality service provision to all the health beneficiaries. These interventions focus on antenatal, intranatal and neonatal care aimed at reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality; improving coverage and quality of health care interventions and improving coverage for immunization against vaccine preventable diseases. Further, these estimates would also enable us to tackle the special health care needs of various population age groups, thus gearing the system for necessary preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative services for the growing population to this report. PREETI SUDAN, IAS SecretaryThe Cohort Component Method is the universally accepted method of making population projections because of the fact that the growth of population is determined by fertility, mortality, and migration rates. In this exercise, 20 States and two UTs have been applied the Cohort Component method. These are Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir (UT) and NCT of Delhi. Based on the residual of the projected population of Jammu & Kashmir (State) and Jammu & Kashmir (UT), for which Cohort Component method has applied, projection of the Ladakh UT have been made. For the projections of Jammu & Kashmir (UT), SRS fertility and mortality estimates of Jammu & Kashmir (State) are used. The projection of the seven northeastern states (excluding Assam) has also been carried out as a whole using the Cohort Component Method. Separate projections for Andhra Pradesh and Telangana were done using the re-casted populations of these states. For the projections, for the years before 2014, combined SRS estimates of Andhra Pradesh and year 2014 onwards, separate SRS estimates of fertility and mortality of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana are used. For the remaining States and Union territories, Mathematical Method has been applied. The sources of data used are 2011 Census and Sample Registration System (SRS). SRS provides time series data of fertility and mortality, which has been used for predicting their future levelsEsri India Efforts:The Population Projections Report published by MoHFW contains output summary tables from series Table 8 to Table 14. Example: TABLE – 8: Projected total population by sex as on 1st March, 2011-2036: India, States and Union territories, TABLE – 9: Projected urban population by sex as on 1st March, 2011-2036: India, States and Union territories, etc. The parameters available with these census data tables are Census Year, Projected Total Persons with Gender categorization and Projected Urban Population from 2011 to 2036.By subtracting “Projected Urban Population” from “Projected Total Population”, a new data column has been added as “Projected Rural Population”. The data is available for all Union Territory and States for 25 years.A factor has been calculated by taking projected population and the base year population (2011). Subsequently, the factor is calculated for each year using the projected values provided by census of India. Projected Population by Sex as on 1st March - 2011 - 2036: India, States and Union Territories* ('000)YearGUJARAT GUJARAT URBANGUJARAT RURALPersonsMaleFemalePersonMaleFemalePersonMaleFemale2011 60,440 (A) 31,49128,94825,74513,69412,05134,69517,79716,8972012 61,383 (B)32,00729,37626,47214,08112,39134,91117,92616,985Factor has been applied below State level- Projected Population by Sex as on 1st March - 2011 - 2036: India, States and Union Territories* ('000)YearGUJARAT GUJARAT URBANGUJARAT RURALPersonsMaleFemalePersonMaleFemalePersonMaleFemale20121.01560225 (B/A)1.0163856341.0147851321.0282384931.0282605521.0282134261.0062256811.0072484131.005208025Esri India has access to SOI admin boundaries up-to district level and developed village, town and sub-district boundaries using census maps. The calculated factors have been applied to smallest geography at villages and towns and upscaled back to sub-district, district, state, and country. The derived values have been compared with the original values provided by census at state level and no deviation is confirmed.Data Variables: Year (2011-2036)Total Population MaleFemaleTotal Population UrbanMale UrbanFemale UrbanTotal Population RuralMale RuralFemale RuralData source: https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/Population Projection Report 2011-2036 - upload_compressed_0.pdfOther related contents are also available:Village Population Projections for India 2011-2036Sub-district Population Projections for India 2011-2036District Population Projections for India 2011-2036State Population Projections for India 2011-2036Country Population Projections for India 2011-2036This web layer is offered by Esri India, for ArcGIS Online subscribers. If you have any questions or comments, please let us know via content@esri.in.

• The current US Census Bureau world population estimate in June 2019 shows that the current global population is 7,577,130,400 people on Earth, which far exceeds the world population of 7.2 billion in 2015. Our estimate based on UN data shows the world's population surpassing 7.7 billion.
• China is the most populous country in the world with a population exceeding 1.4 billion. It is one of just two countries with a population of more than 1 billion, with India being the second. As of 2018, India has a population of over 1.355 billion people, and its population growth is expected to continue through at least 2050. By the year 2030, India is expected to become the most populous country in the world. This is because India’s population will grow, while China is projected to see a loss in population.
• The following 11 countries that are the most populous in the world each have populations exceeding 100 million. These include the United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Russia, Mexico, Japan, Ethiopia, and the Philippines. Of these nations, all are expected to continue to grow except Russia and Japan, which will see their populations drop by 2030 before falling again significantly by 2050.
• Many other nations have populations of at least one million, while there are also countries that have just thousands. The smallest population in the world can be found in Vatican City, where only 801 people reside.
• In 2018, the world’s population growth rate was 1.12%. Every five years since the 1970s, the population growth rate has continued to fall. The world’s population is expected to continue to grow larger but at a much slower pace. By 2030, the population will exceed 8 billion. In 2040, this number will grow to more than 9 billion. In 2055, the number will rise to over 10 billion, and another billion people won’t be added until near the end of the century. The current annual population growth estimates from the United Nations are in the millions - estimating that over 80 million new lives are added yearly.
• This population growth will be significantly impacted by nine specific countries which are situated to contribute to the population growth more quickly than other nations. These nations include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, and the United States of America. Particularly of interest, India is on track to overtake China's position as the most populous country by 2030. Additionally, multiple nations within Africa are expected to double their populations before fertility rates begin to slow entirely.

Content

• In this Dataset, we have Historical Population data for every Country/Territory in the world by different parameters like Area Size of the Country/Territory, Name of the Continent, Name of the Capital, Density, Population Growth Rate, Ranking based on Population, World Population Percentage, etc. >Dataset Glossary (Column-Wise):
• Rank: Rank by Population.
• CCA3: 3 Digit Country/Territories Code.
• Country/Territories: Name of the Country/Territories.
• Capital: Name of the Capital.
• Continent: Name of the Continent.
• 2022 Population: Population of the Country/Territories in the year 2022.
• 2020 Population: Population of the Country/Territories in the year 2020.
• 2015 Population: Population of the Country/Territories in the year 2015.
• 2010 Population: Population of the Country/Territories in the year 2010.
• 2000 Population: Population of the Country/Territories in the year 2000.
• 1990 Population: Population of the Country/Territories in the year 1990.
• 1980 Population: Population of the Country/Territories in the year 1980.
• 1970 Population: Population of the Country/Territories in the year 1970.
• Area (km²): Area size of the Country/Territories in square kilometers.
• Density (per km²): Population Density per square kilometer.
• Growth Rate: Population Growth Rate by Country/Territories.
• World Population Percentage: The population percentage by each Country/Territories.

The statistic illustrates the Buddhist population in India in 2011, with a breakdown by state and union territory. The region with the highest Buddhist population was Maharashtra, followed by the state of West Bengal with close to ******* Buddhists. The region with the least Buddhist population was the union territory of Lakshadweep in that year. The countries with the largest number of Buddhists in 2010 can be found here.

Abstract

The economic and social importance of domestic tourism in a country like India, endowed with a splendid cultural and historical heritage, hardly needs to be emphasised. However, tourism, by itself, does not constitute any specific industry or sector in the economy. Rather, it is a composite of several traditional sectors like transport, accommodation, etc. Besides, tourism has linkages with distinct patterns of consumption and expenditure. Therefore, the importance of tourism in the national economy is manifold: in generating employment in various industries like hospitality, handicrafts, transport services etc. It also uniquely serves the purpose of maintenance of familial and social bonds, which is a great Indian tradition. Further, in view of the increase in tourism in recent years, tourism-specific development and investment requirements are also on the rise in the national economy.

This schedule is designed to collect detailed information on 'domestic tourism' in India through a nationwide household survey in the 65th round of NSS. This will provide a comprehensive assessment of household characteristics, visitor characteristics, trip characteristics and expenditure characteristics in relation to domestic tourism in India.

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household.

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 65th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. For towns with no UFS frame available (to be referred as 'non-UFS towns'), each town has been treated as an FSU. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (the term 'village' means Panchayat wards for Kerala) has constituted the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available UFS blocks has been considered as the sampling frame. For non-UFS towns, the list of towns as per Census 2001 has been the sampling frame.

Stratification for FSU:

Rural sector: All villages of a district will form a separate stratum.

Urban sector: In the urban sector, strata will be formed within each NSS region on the basis of size class of towns as per Census 2001 town population. This departure has been made in the stratification principle in order to facilitate generation of town-class wise estimates to satisfy the requirements of the user ministries. The stratum numbers and their composition (within each region) are given below.

Stratum Composition (within NSS region) 1 All towns with population < 50,000
2 All towns with population 50,000 - 99,999
3 All towns with population 1,00,000 - 4,99,999
4 All towns with population 5,00,000 - 9,99,999
5, 6, …. Each million plus city

The non-UFS towns, if any, within an NSS region will be grouped together to form separate urban strata as per the size classes (in terms of population).

Sub-stratification: There has been no sub-stratification in the rural sector and for strata corresponding to non-UFS towns.

Total sample size (FSUs): 12928 FSUs for central sample and 13996 FSUs for state sample have been allocated at all-India level.

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs:
The total number of sample FSUs is allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per census 2001 subject to a minimum sample allocation to each State/ UT. While doing so, the resource availability in terms of number of field investigators has been kept in view.

Allocation of State/ UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/ UT level sample is allocated between two sectors in proportion to population as per census 2001 with 1.5 weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. A minimum of 4 FSUs is allocated to each state/ UT separately for rural and urban areas. Further the State level allocations for both rural and urban have been adjusted marginally in a few cases to ensure that each stratum gets a minimum allocation of 4 FSUs.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sampling design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Schedule 21.1 is on domestic tourism and consists of ten blocks with two blocks, viz, Block 5 and Block 6, having two sub-blocks each, namely, Block 5.1 & Block 5.2 and Block 6.1 & Block 6.2 respectively.

Block 0: Descriptive identification of sample household Block 1 : Identification of sample household Block 2: Particulars of field operations Block 3 : Household characteristics Block 4 : Demographic and other particulars for all household members Block 5.1: Particulars of overnight trips completed by household members during last 30 days Block 5.2: Particulars of same-day trips completed by household members during last 30 days Block 6.1: Particulars of expenditure ( in Rs.) for latest 3 trips in last 30 days covered in block 5.1 Block 6.2: Particulars of aggregate expenditure ( in Rs.) for all trips in last 30 days covered in block 5.2 Block 7: Remarks by investigator/senior investigator Block 8: Comments by superintendent/ senior superintendent Block 9: Comments by other supervisory officer

Abstract

In order to have a comprehensive picture of the farming community and to analyze the impact of the transformation induced by public policy, investments and technological change on the farmers' access to resources and income as well as well-being of the farmer households it was decided to collect information on Indian farmers through “Situation Assessment Survey” (SAS). The areas of interest for conducting SAS would include economic well-being of farmer households as measured by consumer expenditure, income and productive assets, and indebtedness; their farming practices and preferences, resource availability, and their awareness of technological developments and access to modern technology in the field of agriculture. In this survey, detailed information would be collected on receipts and expenses of households' farm and non-farm businesses, to arrive at their income from these sources. Income from other sources would also be ascertained, and so would be the consumption expenditure of the households.

Geographic coverage

National, State, Rural, Urban

Analysis unit

Houdeholds

Universe

All Households of the type : 1-self-employed in agriculture 2-self-employed in non-agriculture 3-regular wage/salary earning 4-casual labour in agriculture 5-casual labour in non-agriculture 6-others

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Total sample size (FSUs): 8042 FSUs have been allocated for the central sample at all-India level. For the state sample, there are 8998 FSUs allocated for all-India. sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 70th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages updated by excluding the villages urbanised and including the towns de-urbanised after 2001 census (henceforth the term 'village' would mean Panchayat wards for Kerala) constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the latest updated list of UFS blocks (2007-12) is considered as the sampling frame.

Stratification:

(a) Stratum has been formed at district level. Within each district of a State/ UT, generally speaking, two basic strata have been formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising all the urban areas of the district. However, within the urban areas of a district, if there were one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per population census 2011 in a district, each of them formed a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district was considered as another basic stratum.

(b) However, a special stratum in the rural sector only was formed at State/UT level before district- strata were formed in case of each of the following 20 States/UTs: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. This stratum will comprise all the villages of the State with population less than 50 as per census 2001.

(c) In case of rural sectors of Nagaland one special stratum has been formed within the State consisting of all the interior and inaccessible villages. Similarly, for Andaman & Nicobar Islands, one more special stratum has been formed within the UT consisting of all inaccessible villages. Thus for Andaman & Nicobar Islands, two special strata have been formed at the UT level:

(i) special stratum 1 comprising all the interior and inaccessible villages (ii) special stratum 2 containing all the villages, other than those in special stratum 1, having population less than 50 as per census 2001.

Sub-stratification:

Rural sector: Different sub-stratifications are done for 'hilly' States and other States. Ten (10) States are considered as hilly States. They are: Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh.

(a) sub-stratification for hilly States: If 'r' be the sample size allocated for a rural stratum, the number of sub-strata formed was 'r/2'. The villages within a district as per frame have been first arranged in ascending order of population. Then sub-strata 1 to 'r/2' have been demarcated in such a way that each sub-stratum comprised a group of villages of the arranged frame and have more or less equal population.

(b) sub-stratification for other States (non-hilly States except Kerala): The villages within a district as per frame were first arranged in ascending order of proportion of irrigated area in the cultivated area of the village. Then sub-strata 1 to 'r/2' have been demarcated in such a way that each sub-stratum comprised a group of villages of the arranged frame and have more or less equal cultivated area. The information on irrigated area and cultivated area was obtained from the village directory of census 2001.

(c) sub-stratification for Kerala: Although Kerala is a non-hilly State but because of non-availability of information on irrigation at FSU (Panchayat Ward) level, sub-stratification by proportion of irrigated area was not possible. Hence the procedure for sub-stratification was same as that of hilly States in case of Kerala.

Urban sector: There was no sub-stratification for the strata of million plus cities. For other strata, each district was divided into 2 sub-strata as follows:

 sub-stratum 1: all towns of the district with population less than 50000 as per census 2011 
 sub-stratum 2: remaining non-million plus towns of the district

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs have been allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per census 2011 subject to a minimum sample allocation to each State/ UT.
Allocation to strata: Within each sector of a State/ UT, the respective sample size has been allocated to the different strata in proportion to the population as per census 2011. Allocations at stratum level are adjusted to multiples of 2 with a minimum sample size of 2. Allocation to sub-strata:

1 Rural: Allocation is 2 for each sub-stratum in rural.

2 Urban: Stratum allocations have been distributed among the two sub-strata in proportion to the number of FSUs in the sub-strata. Minimum allocation for each sub-stratum is 2. Selection of FSUs: For the rural sector, from each stratum x sub-stratum, required number of sample villages has been selected by Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). For the urban sector, FSUs have been selected by using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR) from each stratum x sub-stratum. Both rural and urban samples were drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples and equal number of samples has been allocated among the two sub rounds.

For details reexternal refer to external resouce "Note on Sample Design and Estimation Procedure of NSS 70th Round" Page no.2

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sampling design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

There are 17 blocks in visit 1. In Visits 1 & 2, Each sample FSU will be visited twice during this round. Since the workload of the first visit (i.e. visit 1) will be more, the first visit will continue till the end of July 2013. Thus, period of the first visit will be January - July 2013 and that of the second visit (i.e. visit 2) will be August - December 2013.

The data shows the year-wise gender ratio of population for states and union territories of India over the time period of 110 years starting from 1901 to 2011 according to the census reports.

Note: 1. For working out the gender ratio of India and Assam for 1981, interpolated figures for Assam have been used. 2. For working out the gender ratio of India and Jammu & Kashmir for 1991, interpolated figures for Jammu & Kashmir have been used. 3. The gender ratio for Arunachal Pradesh is not available for the years 1901-1951 and for Pondicherry it is not available for the years 1901, 1931 and 1941.

POPULATION PROIECTIONS FOR INDIA AND STATES 2011 – 2036 (Downscaled to District, Sub-Districts and Villages/Towns by Esri India)REPORT OF THE TECHNICAL GROUP ON POPULATION PROIECTTONSJuly, 2020The projected population figures provided by the Registrar General of India forms the basis for planning and implementation of various health interventions including RMNCH+A, which are aimed at improving the overall health outcomes by ensuring quality service provision to all the health beneficiaries. These interventions focus on antenatal, intranatal and neonatal care aimed at reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality; improving coverage and quality of health care interventions and improving coverage for immunization against vaccine preventable diseases. Further, these estimates would also enable us to tackle the special health care needs of various population age groups, thus gearing the system for necessary preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative services for the growing population to this report. PREETI SUDAN, IAS SecretaryThe Cohort Component Method is the universally accepted method of making population projections because of the fact that the growth of population is determined by fertility, mortality, and migration rates. In this exercise, 20 States and two UTs have been applied the Cohort Component method. These are Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir (UT) and NCT of Delhi. Based on the residual of the projected population of Jammu & Kashmir (State) and Jammu & Kashmir (UT), for which Cohort Component method has applied, projection of the Ladakh UT have been made. For the projections of Jammu & Kashmir (UT), SRS fertility and mortality estimates of Jammu & Kashmir (State) are used. The projection of the seven northeastern states (excluding Assam) has also been carried out as a whole using the Cohort Component Method. Separate projections for Andhra Pradesh and Telangana were done using the re-casted populations of these states. For the projections, for the years before 2014, combined SRS estimates of Andhra Pradesh and year 2014 onwards, separate SRS estimates of fertility and mortality of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana are used. For the remaining States and Union territories, Mathematical Method has been applied. The sources of data used are 2011 Census and Sample Registration System (SRS). SRS provides time series data of fertility and mortality, which has been used for predicting their future levelsEsri India Efforts:The Population Projections Report published by MoHFW contains output summary tables from series Table 8 to Table 14. Example: TABLE – 8: Projected total population by sex as on 1st March, 2011-2036: India, States and Union territories, TABLE – 9: Projected urban population by sex as on 1st March, 2011-2036: India, States and Union territories, etc. The parameters available with these census data tables are Census Year, Projected Total Persons with Gender categorization and Projected Urban Population from 2011 to 2036.By subtracting “Projected Urban Population” from “Projected Total Population”, a new data column has been added as “Projected Rural Population”. The data is available for all Union Territory and States for 25 years.A factor has been calculated by taking projected population and the base year population (2011). Subsequently, the factor is calculated for each year using the projected values provided by census of India. Projected Population by Sex as on 1st March - 2011 - 2036: India, States and Union Territories* ('000)YearGUJARAT GUJARAT URBANGUJARAT RURALPersonsMaleFemalePersonMaleFemalePersonMaleFemale2011 60,440 (A) 31,49128,94825,74513,69412,05134,69517,79716,8972012 61,383 (B)32,00729,37626,47214,08112,39134,91117,92616,985Factor has been applied below State level- Projected Population by Sex as on 1st March - 2011 - 2036: India, States and Union Territories* ('000)YearGUJARAT GUJARAT URBANGUJARAT RURALPersonsMaleFemalePersonMaleFemalePersonMaleFemale20121.01560225 (B/A)1.0163856341.0147851321.0282384931.0282605521.0282134261.0062256811.0072484131.005208025Esri India has access to SOI admin boundaries up-to district level and developed village, town and sub-district boundaries using census maps. The calculated factors have been applied to smallest geography at villages and towns and upscaled back to sub-district, district, state, and country. The derived values have been compared with the original values provided by census at state level and no deviation is confirmed.Data Variables: Year (2011-2036)Total Population MaleFemaleTotal Population UrbanMale UrbanFemale UrbanTotal Population RuralMale RuralFemale RuralData source: https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/Population Projection Report 2011-2036 - upload_compressed_0.pdfOther related contents are also available:India Population Projections 2011-2036Village Population Projections for India 2011-2036Sub-district Population Projections for India 2011-2036State Population Projections for India 2011-2036Country Population Projections for India 2011-2036This web layer is offered by Esri India, for ArcGIS Online subscribers. If you have any questions or comments, please let us know via content@esri.in.

The second National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2), conducted in 1998-99, provides information on fertility, mortality, family planning, and important aspects of nutrition, health, and health care. The International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) coordinated the survey, which collected information from a nationally representative sample of more than 90,000 ever-married women age 15-49. The NFHS-2 sample covers 99 percent of India's population living in all 26 states. This report is based on the survey data for 25 of the 26 states, however, since data collection in Tripura was delayed due to local problems in the state. IIPS also coordinated the first National Family Health Survey (NFHS-1) in 1992-93. Most of the types of information collected in NFHS-2 were also collected in the earlier survey, making it possible to identify trends over the intervening period of six and one-half years. In addition, the NFHS-2 questionnaire covered a number of new or expanded topics with important policy implications, such as reproductive health, women's autonomy, domestic violence, women's nutrition, anaemia, and salt iodization. The NFHS-2 survey was carried out in two phases. Ten states were surveyed in the first phase which began in November 1998 and the remaining states (except Tripura) were surveyed in the second phase which began in March 1999. The field staff collected information from 91,196 households in these 25 states and interviewed 89,199 eligible women in these households. In addition, the survey collected information on 32,393 children born in the three years preceding the survey. One health investigator on each survey team measured the height and weight of eligible women and children and took blood samples to assess the prevalence of anaemia. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS Three-quarters (73 percent) of the population lives in rural areas. The age distribution is typical of populations that have recently experienced a fertility decline, with relatively low proportions in the younger and older age groups. Thirty-six percent of the population is below age 15, and 5 percent is age 65 and above. The sex ratio is 957 females for every 1,000 males in rural areas but only 928 females for every 1,000 males in urban areas, suggesting that more men than women have migrated to urban areas. The survey provides a variety of demographic and socioeconomic background information. In the country as a whole, 82 percent of household heads are Hindu, 12 percent are Muslim, 3 percent are Christian, and 2 percent are Sikh. Muslims live disproportionately in urban areas, where they comprise 15 percent of household heads. Nineteen percent of household heads belong to scheduled castes, 9 percent belong to scheduled tribes, and 32 percent belong to other backward classes (OBCs). Two-fifths of household heads do not belong to any of these groups. Questions about housing conditions and the standard of living of households indicate some improvements since the time of NFHS-1. Sixty percent of households in India now have electricity and 39 percent have piped drinking water compared with 51 percent and 33 percent, respectively, at the time of NFHS-1. Sixty-four percent of households have no toilet facility compared with 70 percent at the time of NFHS-1. About three-fourths (75 percent) of males and half (51 percent) of females age six and above are literate, an increase of 6-8 percentage points from literacy rates at the time of NFHS-1. The percentage of illiterate males varies from 6-7 percent in Mizoram and Kerala to 37 percent in Bihar and the percentage of illiterate females varies from 11 percent in Mizoram and 15 percent in Kerala to 65 percent in Bihar. Seventy-nine percent of children age 6-14 are attending school, up from 68 percent in NFHS-1. The proportion of children attending school has increased for all ages, particularly for girls, but girls continue to lag behind boys in school attendance. Moreover, the disparity in school attendance by sex grows with increasing age of children. At age 6-10, 85 percent of boys attend school compared with 78 percent of girls. By age 15-17, 58 percent of boys attend school compared with 40 percent of girls. The percentage of girls 6-17 attending school varies from 51 percent in Bihar and 56 percent in Rajasthan to over 90 percent in Himachal Pradesh and Kerala. Women in India tend to marry at an early age. Thirty-four percent of women age 15-19 are already married including 4 percent who are married but gauna has yet to be performed. These proportions are even higher in the rural areas. Older women are more likely than younger women to have married at an early age: 39 percent of women currently age 45-49 married before age 15 compared with 14 percent of women currently age 15-19. Although this indicates that the proportion of women who marry young is declining rapidly, half the women even in the age group 20-24 have married before reaching the legal minimum age of 18 years. On average, women are five years younger than the men they marry. The median age at marriage varies from about 15 years in Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Andhra Pradesh to 23 years in Goa. As part of an increasing emphasis on gender issues, NFHS-2 asked women about their participation in household decisionmaking. In India, 91 percent of women are involved in decision-making on at least one of four selected topics. A much lower proportion (52 percent), however, are involved in making decisions about their own health care. There are large variations among states in India with regard to women's involvement in household decisionmaking. More than three out of four women are involved in decisions about their own health care in Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, and Punjab compared with about two out of five or less in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Rajasthan. Thirty-nine percent of women do work other than housework, and more than two-thirds of these women work for cash. Only 41 percent of women who earn cash can decide independently how to spend the money that they earn. Forty-three percent of working women report that their earnings constitute at least half of total family earnings, including 18 percent who report that the family is entirely dependent on their earnings. Women's work-participation rates vary from 9 percent in Punjab and 13 percent in Haryana to 60-70 percent in Manipur, Nagaland, and Arunachal Pradesh. FERTILITY AND FAMILY PLANNING Fertility continues to decline in India. At current fertility levels, women will have an average of 2.9 children each throughout their childbearing years. The total fertility rate (TFR) is down from 3.4 children per woman at the time of NFHS-1, but is still well above the replacement level of just over two children per woman. There are large variations in fertility among the states in India. Goa and Kerala have attained below replacement level fertility and Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Punjab are at or close to replacement level fertility. By contrast, fertility is 3.3 or more children per woman in Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Nagaland, Bihar, and Madhya Pradesh. More than one-third to less than half of all births in these latter states are fourth or higher-order births compared with 7-9 percent of births in Kerala, Goa, and Tamil Nadu. Efforts to encourage the trend towards lower fertility might usefully focus on groups within the population that have higher fertility than average. In India, rural women and women from scheduled tribes and scheduled castes have somewhat higher fertility than other women, but fertility is particularly high for illiterate women, poor women, and Muslim women. Another striking feature is the high level of childbearing among young women. More than half of women age 20-49 had their first birth before reaching age 20, and women age 15-19 account for almost one-fifth of total fertility. Studies in India and elsewhere have shown that health and mortality risks increase when women give birth at such young ages?both for the women themselves and for their children. Family planning programmes focusing on women in this age group could make a significant impact on maternal and child health and help to reduce fertility. INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY NFHS-2 provides estimates of infant and child mortality and examines factors associated with the survival of young children. During the five years preceding the survey, the infant mortality rate was 68 deaths at age 0-11 months per 1,000 live births, substantially lower than 79 per 1,000 in the five years preceding the NFHS-1 survey. The child mortality rate, 29 deaths at age 1-4 years per 1,000 children reaching age one, also declined from the corresponding rate of 33 per 1,000 in NFHS-1. Ninety-five children out of 1,000 born do not live to age five years. Expressed differently, 1 in 15 children die in the first year of life, and 1 in 11 die before reaching age five. Child-survival programmes might usefully focus on specific groups of children with particularly high infant and child mortality rates, such as children who live in rural areas, children whose mothers are illiterate, children belonging to scheduled castes or scheduled tribes, and children from poor households. Infant mortality rates are more than two and one-half times as high for women who did not receive any of the recommended types of maternity related medical care than for mothers who did receive all recommended types of care. HEALTH, HEALTH CARE, AND NUTRITION Promotion of maternal and child health has been one of the most important components of the Family Welfare Programme of the Government of India. One goal is for each pregnant woman to receive at least three antenatal check-ups plus two tetanus toxoid injections and a full course of iron and folic acid supplementation. In India, mothers of 65 percent of the children born in the three years preceding NFHS-2 received at least one antenatal

The statistic displays the main states and union territories with the highest number of people living in urban areas in India in 2011. In that year, the state of Maharashtra had the highest population with over 50 million people living in urban areas. The population density in India from 2004 to 2014 can be seen here.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Household, Individual

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample Design Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 60th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) will be the 1991 census villages in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) will be households in both the sectors. In case of large villages/blocks requiring hamlet-group (hg)/sub-block (sb) formation, one intermediate stage will be the selection of two hgs/sbs from each FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of Census 1991 villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) and Census 1981 villages for J & K will constitute the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks will be considered as the sampling frame.

Stratification Rural sector: Two special strata will be formed at the State/ UT level, viz.

Stratum 1: all FSUs with population between 0 to 50 and Stratum 2: FSUs with population more than 15,000.

Special stratum 1 will be formed if at least 50 such FSUs are found in a State/UT. Similarly, special stratum 2 will be formed if at least 4 such FSUs are found in a State/UT. Otherwise, such FSUs will be merged with the general strata.

From FSUs other than those covered under special strata 1 and 2, general strata will be formed and its numbering will start from 3. Each district of a State/UT will normally be treated as a separate stratum. However, if the census rural population of the district is greater than or equal to 2.5 million as per population census 2001 or 2 million as per population census 1991, the district will be split into two or more strata, by grouping contiguous tehsils to form strata. However, in Gujarat, some districts are not wholly included in an NSS region. In such cases, the part of the district falling in an NSS region will constitute a separate stratum.

Urban sector: In the urban sector, strata will be formed within each NSS region on the basis of size class of towns as per Population Census 2001. The stratum numbers and their composition (within each region) are given below.

stratum 1: all towns with population less than 50,000 stratum 2: all towns with population 50,000 or more but less than 2 lakhs stratum 3: all towns with population 2 lakhs or more but less than 10 lakhs stratum 4, 5, 6,...: each town with population 10 lakhs or more

The stratum numbers will remain as above even if, in some regions, some of the strata are not formed.

Total sample size (FSUs): 7612 FSUs have been allocated at all-India level on the basis of investigator strength in different States/UTs for central sample and 8260 for state sample.

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs is allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to provisional population as per Census 2001 subject to the availability of investigators ensuring more or less uniform work-load.

Allocation of State/UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/UT level sample is allocated between two sectors in proportion to provisional population as per Census 2001 with 1.5 weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. Earlier practice of giving double weightage to urban sector has been modified considering the fact that there has been considerable growth in urban population. A minimum of 8 FSUs will be allocated to each state/UT separately for rural and urban areas.

Allocation to strata: Within each sector of a State/UT, the respective sample size will be allocated to the different strata in proportion to the stratum population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum level will be adjusted to a multiple of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4.

Selection of FSUs: FSUs will be selected with Probability Proportional to Size With Replacement (PPSWR), size being the population as per Population Census 1991 in all the strata for rural sector except for stratum 1. In stratum 1 of rural sector and in all the strata of urban sector, selection will be done using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Within each stratum, samples will be drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples in both the rural and urban sectors.

Note: Detail sampling procedure is provided as external resource.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Schedule 1.0 - Consumer Expenditure

Schedule 1.0 has been split into several blocks to obtain detailed information on the expenditure incurred on domestic consumption and other particulars of the sample household.

• Block 0 - Descriptive identification of sample household: This block is meant for recording descriptive identification particulars of a sample household.
• Block 1- Identification of sample households: This block is meant for recording the identification particulars of the sample FSU in terms of codes or numbers.
• Block 2- Particulars of field operations: The identity of the Investigator, the Assistant Superintendent and the Superintendent associated with the work, date of survey/inspection/scrutiny of schedules, date of despatch, etc., have been recorded in this block against the appropriate items in the relevant columns.
• Block 3- Household characteristics: The characteristics to be recorded in this block are mainly intended to be used to classify the households for tabulation.
• Block 4- Demographic and other particulars of household members: All members of the sample household will be listed in this block. Demographic particulars (relation to head, sex, age, marital status and general education) and number of meals taken will be recorded for each member using one line for one member.
• Block 5- Consumption of cereals, pulses, milk, sugar and salt during the last 30 days: In this block information on consumption of each item of cereals, pulses, milk, sugar and salt by the household will be collected for a reference period of 30 days preceding the date of survey in both types of schedule.
• Block 6- Consumption of edible oil, egg, fish and meat, vegetables, fruits, spices, beverages and processed food and pan, tobacco and intoxicants during the last 30/7 days: The information on consumption of edible oil, egg, fish and meat, vegetables, fruits, spices, beverages and processed food and pan, tobacco and intoxicants will be collected through this block.
• Block 7- Consumption of fuel & light during the last 30 days: In this block of both Schedule type 1 and Schedule type 2, information on consumption of fuel and light for the household during the last 30 days, prior to the date of survey, will be collected.
• Block 8- Consumption of clothing, bedding, etc. during the last 365 days: In this block, information on quantity and value of consumption of all items of clothing will be collected. The information in this block is required to be collected for a reference period of last 365 days. Consumption of clothing is defined as an item of clothing being brought into first-use.
• Block 9- Consumption of footwear during the last 365 days
• Block 10- Expenditure on education and medical (institutional) goods and services during the last 365 days: Under this block, information will be collected on educational and institutional medical expenses incurred during the last 365 days preceding the date of survey.
• Block 11- Expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services including medical (non-institutional), rents and taxes during the last 30 days: In this block, relating to miscellaneous goods and services, information will be collected on the expenditure for purchase of these items during the reference period. The reference period will be the last 30 days prior to the date of survey in both the schedule types 1 and 2.
• Block 12- Expenditure for purchase and construction (including repair and maintenance) of durable goods for domestic use during the last 30 days: Information on expenditure incurred for purchase and cost of raw materials and services for construction and repairs of durable goods for domestic use during the last 365 days will be collected in this block of both the schedule types 1 and 2. Expenditure will include both cash and kind.

Abstract

The survey covered both mental and physical disabilities. Among the physical disabilities speech, hearing, visual and locomotor disabilities were considered. The other major topics covered were housing conditions, village facilities, slum particulars etc. In addition, the annual consumer expenditure enquiry covering some key characteristics of employment-unemployment were also carried out on a sample of four households in each sample FSU.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Outline of Sample Design:

A stratified multi-stage design was adopted for the conduct of survey of NSS 58th round. The first-stage units were census villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) in the rural sector and the NSSO Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector.

Sampling Frame for First-Stage Units:

The ultimate stage units were households in both the sectors. For the rural sector, the list of Census 1991 villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) and Census 1981 villages for J & K constituted the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks was considered as the sampling frame.

Stratification

Rural sector: Two special strata were formed as given below at the State/ UT level on the basis of Population Census 1991 viz. Stratum 1: all FSUs with population between 0 to 50, and Stratum 2: FSUs with population more than 15,000

The special stratum 1 was formed if at least 50 such FSU's were found in a State/UT. Similarly, special stratum 2 was formed if at least 4 such FSUs were found in a State/UT. Otherwise, such FSUs were merged with the general strata.

From the remaining FSUs (not covered under stratum 1 &2) general strata (hereafter, stratum will refer to general stratum unless otherwise mentioned) was formed and numbered 3, 4, 5 …. etc. (even if no special strata have been formed). Each district of a State/UT was normally treated as a separate stratum. However, if the provisional population of the district was greater than or equal to 2.5 million as per Census 2001, the district was divided into two or more strata with more or less equal population as per population census 1991 by grouping contiguous tehsils. However, in Gujarat, some districts were not wholly included in an NSS region. In such cases, the part of the district falling in an NSS region constituted a separate stratum.

Urban sector: In the urban sector, stratum was formed within each NSS region on the basis of size class of towns as per Census 1991 town population except for towns specified in Table 4. The stratum number and their composition (within each region) are given below: stratum 1: all towns with population (P) < 0.1 million
stratum 2: all towns with 0.1= P < 0.5 million
stratum 3: all towns with 0.5= P < 1 million
stratum 4,5,6, … each town with P= 1 million

Sub-stratification:

There was no sub-stratification in the rural sector. However, to cover more number of households living in slums, in urban sector each stratum was divided into 2 sub-strata as follows: sub-stratum 1: all UFS blocks having area type 'slum area' sub-stratum 2: remaining UFS blocks If there was one UFS block with area type 'slum area' within a stratum, sub-stratum 1 was not formed; it was merged with sub-stratum 2.

Total sample size (FSUs):

A total number of 8338 and 9076 first-stage units were selected for survey in the Central and State samples respectively.

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs:

The total sample FSUs was allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to provisional population as per Census 2001 subject to the availability of investigators ensuring more or less uniform work-load.

Allocation of State/ UT level sample to Rural and Urban sectors:

State/UT level sample was allocated between two sectors in proportion to provisional population as per Census 2001 with double weightage to urban sector.

Allocation of Rural /Urban sector level sample size to strata / sub-strata:

Both rural and urban sector samples allotted to a State/UT were allocated to different strata in proportion to population of the stratum. All the stratum-level allocations were adjusted to multiple of 2. Stratum-level sample size in the urban sector was further allocated to 2 sub-strata in proportion to the number of UFS blocks in them with double weightage to sub-stratum 1 subject to a minimum sample size of 2 or 4 to sub-stratum 1 according as stratum-level allocation is 4 or greater than 4. Sub-stratum level allocations in the urban sector were made even.

Selection of FSUs:

FSUs were selected in the form of two independent sub-samples in both the sectors. For special stratum 2 and all the general strata of rural sector, FSUs were selected by probability proportional to size with replacement (PPSWR) where size was the 1991 census population. For urban sector and special stratum 1 of rural sector, FSUs were selected by simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR).

Selection of hamlet-groups/sub-blocks / households

Formation of hamlet-group/sub-block:

Large villages/ blocks having approximate present population 1200 or more were divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups/sub-blocks. less than 1200 1 (no hamlet-group/sub-block formation)
1200 to 1799 3
1800 to 2399 4
2400 to 2999 5
3000 to 3599 6
....and so on

For rural areas of Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Poonch, Rajouri, Udhampur and Doda districts of Jammu and Kashmir and Idukki district of Kerala where habitation pattern causes difficulty in listing due to topography of the area, hg formation criterion was relaxed for which number of hamlet groups formed as per population criterion is given below: less than 600 1 (no hamlet-group/sub-block formation)
600 to 899 3
900 to 1199 4
1200 to 1499 5
....and so on

Hamlet-groups / sub-blocks were formed by more or less equalising population. For large urban blocks, the sub-block (sb) having slum dwellers, if any, was selected with probability 1 and was termed as segment 1. However, if there were more than one sb having slum dwellers, the sb having maximum number of slum dwellers was selected as segment 1. After selection of sb for segment 1, one more sb was selected by simple random sampling (SRS) from the remaining sb's of the block and was termed as segment 2. For large blocks (having no slum areas) two sub-blocks were selected by simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) and were combined to form segment. For urban blocks without sub-block formation, segment number was 1 or 2 depending on whether the block was having a slum or not. For large villages two hamlet-groups were selected by SRSWOR and were combined to form segment 2. For villages without hamlet-group formation, segment number was also 2. The segments were considered separately for listing and selection of the ultimate-stage units.

Formation of Second Stage Strata (SSS) and selection of households for schedules 1.2 and 1.0: In each selected village/block/segment, three and two second stage strata (SSS) were formed for schedule 1.2 and schedule 1.0 respectively on the basis of structure type in rural areas and household MPCE in urban areas.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

National Statistical Office (NSO) of India will be conducting Annual Survey on Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) 2022-23 during October 2022 to September 2023.

This survey will be devoted exclusively to economic and operational characteristics of unincorporated non-agricultural establishments in manufacturing, trade and other services sector. The unit of enquiry of the ASUSE will be an ‘establishment’.

Unincorporated sector is an integral part of Indian econ my, which not only comprises of large number of establishments but also generates large number ofemployment in this sector. Besides, its contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country is also significant. Unincorporated sector has tremendous potential to grow higher.

The ASUSE 2022-23, which will be launched in October 2022 andcontinue till September 2023, will cover all unincorporated non-agricultural establishments belonging to three sectors viz., Manufacturing, Trade and Other Services.

(i) The survey will cover the following broad categories: (a) Manufacturing establishments excluding those registered under Sections 2m(i) and2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948 (b) Manufacturing establishments registered under Section 85 of Factories Act, 1948 (c) Establishments engaged in cotton ginning, cleaning and bailing (code 01632 of NIC-2008) excluding those registered under Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act,1948 (d) Establishments manufacturing Bidi and Cigar excluding those registered under bidi and cigar workers (conditions of employment) Act, 1966 (e) Non-captive electric power generation, transmission and distribution by units not registered with the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) (f) Trading establishments (g) Other Service sector establishments

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the rural and urban areas of whole of India (except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which are difficult to access). The definitions of urban and rural areas as per census 2011 are given below:

Urban: Constituents of urban area are Statutory Towns, Census Towns and Outgrowths.

Statutory Town (ST): All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified towns area committee, etc.

Census Town (CT): Places that satisfy the following criteria are termed as Census Towns (CTs). a. A minimum population of 5000 b. At least 75% of the male main working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits c. A density of population of at least 400 per sq.km.

Out Growth (OG): Out Growth should be a viable unit such as a village or part of a village contiguous to a statutory town and possess the urban features in terms of infrastructure and amenities such as pucca roads, electricity, taps, drainage system, education institutions, post offices, medical facilities, banks, etc. Examples of OGs are Railway colonies, University campuses, Port areas, that may come up near a CT or statutory towns outside its statutory limits but within the revenue limit of a village or villages contiguous to the town or city.

Urban Agglomeration (UA): It is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths (OGs) or two or more physically contiguous towns together and any adjoining urban out-growth of such towns. Rural: All area other than urban are rural. The basic unit for rural area is the revenue village.

Sampling procedure

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage sampling design will be adopted for ASUSE.

Rural sector: The first stage units (FSU) will be the census villages in the rural sector. For rural part of Kerala, Panchayat wards (PW) will be taken as FSUs.

Urban sector: The First Stage Units (FSU) will be the latest updated UFS (Urban Frame Survey) blocks.

The Ultimate Stage Units (USU) will be establishments for both the sectors. In the case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling will be the selection of three hamlet-groups (HGs)/sub-blocks (SBs) from each of the large FSUs.

Sampling frame to be used for selection of FSUs

Census 2011 list of villages will be used as the sampling frame for rural areas. Auxiliary information such as number of workers, etc. available from Sixth Economic Census (EC) frame will be used for stratification, sub-stratification and selection of FSUs, for rural areas (except Kerala). In rural areas of Kerala, list of Panchayat Wards (PW) as per Census 2011 will be used as sampling frame. For all urban areas, the latest updated list of UFS blocks will be the sampling frame.

Stratification of FSUs:

Rural sector: Each NSS State region will constitute a rural stratum.

Urban sector: In urban areas, strata will be formed within each NSS State region on the basis of population of towns as per Census 2011. The tentative stratum numbers and their composition (within each NSS State region) will be as follows:

stratum 1 : all towns with population less than 50,000 stratum 2 : all towns with population 50,000 or more but less than 3 lakhs stratum 3 : all towns with population 3 lakhs or more but less than 10 lakhs stratum 4, 5, 6, ... : each city with population 10 lakhs or more

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Population, female (% of total population) in India was reported at 48.42 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. India - Population, female (% of total) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.