The statistic presents a distribution of the showrunners for new TV shows on selected broadcast networks in the United States in the 2016-17 season, sorted by ethnicity and gender. According to the source, 33 percent of the showrunners on ABC's new shows for the season were white females.

The statistic shows the share of minorities in the workforce of news media organizations in the United States in 2017, by sector. According to the source, ***** percent of online-only news media workforces were made up of minority groups.

The study charted the Russian Karelian ethnic minorities' views on the significance of radio and television programmes broadcast in their mother tongue and opinions on the programming in minority languages provided by the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company. The respondents were first presented with statements about radio and television programmes which investigated their listening and watching habits and opinions on programmes broadcast in Karelian, Finnish or Vepsian. The next set of questions focused on whether the minority language news and current affairs programmes dealt sufficiently with different topics (e.g. decision-making in the Republic of Karelia, crime in Karelia, health care, interviews of different people). Similarly, a set of questions asked whether the minority language news and current affairs programmes dealt sufficiently with events in different areas (Karelia, Russia, CIS countries, Finland, other countries). Opinions on the sufficiency of different kinds of tv and radio programmes (e.g. current affairs programmes, children's programmes) broadcast in minority languages were investigated. Several questions were asked about the respondents' listening and watching habits. These included, among others, how often they listened and watched different channels, how often they listened or watched Russian and how often Karelian, Finnish or Vepsian programmes. The respondents were also asked about the significance of minority language programmes to ethnic culture. Background variables included the respondent's gender, year of birth, R's ethnicity, ethnicity of children and the spouse/partner, mother tongue, language used at home, proficiency in Karelian, Finnish and Vepsian, and type of neighbourhood.

The majority of TV newsroom employees in the United States in 2021 were white, with African American staff and Hispanic and Latino employees making up less than 25 percent of the total. The survey projected that the share of Hispanic and Latino employees would increase slightly in 2022 but the forecasted percentage remains low. Asian Americans have even less representation, accounting for less than three percent of the TV newsroom workforce.

Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism (ISCA) at Indiana University Dataset on bias against Asians, Blacks, Jews, Latines, and Muslims

The ISCA project compiled this dataset using an annotation portal, which was used to label tweets as either biased or non-biased, among other labels. Note that the annotation was done on live data, including images and context, such as threads. The original data comes from annotationportal.com. They include representative samples of live tweets from the years 2020 and 2021 with the keywords "Asians, Blacks, Jews, Latinos, and Muslims". A random sample of 600 tweets per year was drawn for each of the keywords. This includes retweets. Due to a sampling error, the sample for the year 2021 for the keyword "Jews" has only 453 tweets from 2021 and 147 from the first eight months of 2022 and it includes some tweets from the query with the keyword "Israel." The tweets were divided into six samples of 100 tweets, which were then annotated by three to seven students in the class "Researching White Supremacism and Antisemitism on Social Media" taught by Gunther Jikeli, Elisha S. Breton, and Seth Moller at Indiana University in the fall of 2022, see this report. Annotators used a scale from 1 to 5 (confident not biased, probably not biased, don't know, probably biased, confident biased). The definitions of bias against each minority group used for annotation are also included in the report. If a tweet called out or denounced bias against the minority in question, it was labeled as "calling out bias." The labels of whether a tweet is biased or calls out bias are based on a 75% majority vote. We considered "probably biased" and "confident biased" as biased and "confident not biased," "probably not biased," and "don't know" as not biased.
The types of stereotypes vary widely across the different categories of prejudice. While about a third of all biased tweets were classified as "hate" against the minority, the stereotypes in the tweets often matched common stereotypes about the minority. Asians were blamed for the Covid pandemic. Blacks were seen as inferior and associated with crime. Jews were seen as powerful and held collectively responsible for the actions of the State of Israel. Some tweets denied the Holocaust. Hispanics/Latines were portrayed as being in the country illegally and as "invaders," in addition to stereotypical accusations of being lazy, stupid, or having too many children. Muslims, on the other hand, were often collectively blamed for terrorism and violence, though often in conversations about Muslims in India.

Content:

This dataset contains 5880 tweets that cover a wide range of topics common in conversations about Asians, Blacks, Jews, Latines, and Muslims. 357 tweets (6.1 %) are labeled as biased and 5523 (93.9 %) are labeled as not biased. 1365 tweets (23.2 %) are labeled as calling out or denouncing bias. 1180 out of 5880 tweets (20.1 %) contain the keyword "Asians," 590 were posted in 2020 and 590 in 2021. 39 tweets (3.3 %) are biased against Asian people. 370 tweets (31,4 %) call out bias against Asians. 1160 out of 5880 tweets (19.7%) contain the keyword "Blacks," 578 were posted in 2020 and 582 in 2021. 101 tweets (8.7 %) are biased against Black people. 334 tweets (28.8 %) call out bias against Blacks. 1189 out of 5880 tweets (20.2 %) contain the keyword "Jews," 592 were posted in 2020, 451 in 2021, and ––as mentioned above––146 tweets from 2022. 83 tweets (7 %) are biased against Jewish people. 220 tweets (18.5 %) call out bias against Jews. 1169 out of 5880 tweets (19.9 %) contain the keyword "Latinos," 584 were posted in 2020 and 585 in 2021. 29 tweets (2.5 %) are biased against Latines. 181 tweets (15.5 %) call out bias against Latines. 1182 out of 5880 tweets (20.1 %) contain the keyword "Muslims," 593 were posted in 2020 and 589 in 2021. 105 tweets (8.9 %) are biased against Muslims. 260 tweets (22 %) call out bias against Muslims.

File Description:

The dataset is provided in a csv file format, with each row representing a single message, including replies, quotes, and retweets. The file contains the following columns:
'TweetID': Represents the tweet ID.
'Username': Represents the username who published the tweet (if it is a retweet, it will be the user who retweetet the original tweet.
'Text': Represents the full text of the tweet (not pre-processed). 'CreateDate': Represents the date the tweet was created.
'Biased': Represents the labeled by our annotators if the tweet is biased (1) or not (0). 'Calling_Out': Represents the label by our annotators if the tweet is calling out bias against minority groups (1) or not (0). 'Keyword': Represents the keyword that was used in the query. The keyword can be in the text, including mentioned names, or the username.

Licences

Data is published under the terms of the "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International" licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

Acknowledgements

We are grateful for the technical collaboration with Indiana University's Observatory on Social Media (OSoMe). We thank all class participants for the annotations and contributions, including Kate Baba, Eleni Ballis, Garrett Banuelos, Savannah Benjamin, Luke Bianco, Zoe Bogan, Elisha S. Breton, Aidan Calderaro, Anaye Caldron, Olivia Cozzi, Daj Crisler, Jenna Eidson, Ella Fanning, Victoria Ford, Jess Gruettner, Ronan Hancock, Isabel Hawes, Brennan Hensler, Kyra Horton, Maxwell Idczak, Sanjana Iyer, Jacob Joffe, Katie Johnson, Allison Jones, Kassidy Keltner, Sophia Knoll, Jillian Kolesky, Emily Lowrey, Rachael Morara, Benjamin Nadolne, Rachel Neglia, Seungmin Oh, Kirsten Pecsenye, Sophia Perkovich, Joey Philpott, Katelin Ray, Kaleb Samuels, Chloe Sherman, Rachel Weber, Molly Winkeljohn, Ally Wolfgang, Rowan Wolke, Michael Wong, Jane Woods, Kaleb Woodworth, and Aurora Young. This work used Jetstream2 at Indiana University through allocation HUM200003 from the Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services & Support (ACCESS) program, which is supported by National Science Foundation grants #2138259, #2138286, #2138307, #2137603, and #2138296.

According to a report conducted in 2020, African Americans made up ten percent of the boards of the top 200 media companies in the United States that year. Hispanic or Latino and Asian Americans also had limited representation on the boards of major media companies, with 81 percent of the total accounted by for non-minority groups.

Minority stress is the leading theoretical construct for understanding LGBTQ+ health disparities. As such, there is an urgent need to develop innovative policies and technologies to reduce minority stress. To spur technological innovation, we created the largest labeled datasets on minority stress using natural language from subreddits related to sexual and gender minority people. A team of mental health clinicians, LGBTQ+ health experts, and computer scientists developed two datasets: (1) the publicly available LGBTQ+ Minority Stress on Social Media (MiSSoM) dataset and (2) the advanced request-only version of the dataset, LGBTQ+ MiSSoM+. Both datasets have seven labels related to minority stress, including an overall composite label and six sublabels. LGBTQ+ MiSSoM (N = 27,709) includes both human- and machine-annotated la-bels and comes preprocessed with features (e.g., topic models, psycholinguistic attributes, sentiment, clinical keywords, word embeddings, n-grams, lexicons). LGBTQ+ MiSSoM+ includes all the characteristics of the open-access dataset, but also includes the original Reddit text and sentence-level labeling for a subset of posts (N = 5,772). Benchmark supervised machine learning analyses revealed that features of the LGBTQ+ MiSSoM datasets can predict overall minority stress quite well (F1 = 0.869). Benchmark performance metrics yielded in the prediction of the other labels, namely prejudiced events (F1 = 0.942), expected rejection (F1 = 0.964), internalized stigma (F1 = 0.952), identity concealment (F1 = 0.971), gender dysphoria (F1 = 0.947), and minority coping (F1 = 0.917), were excellent.

Considerable scholarship has examined the phenomenon of media misrepresentation of minority populations, along with its consequential impact on these marginalized groups. Nevertheless, there exists a notable absence of empirical knowledge concerning the responses and reactions of minority populations to media depictions that counter prevalent stereotypes and whether these promote positive intergroup relations or not. The present research intends to investigate how minority populations react to news articles featuring individuals from their ethnic group who defy prevalent stereotypes and are thus being framed as surprising, expanding on study 1 by formalizing interaction hypotheses regarding social mobility mindset.

This study charted the identity of Swedish-speaking Finns and their opinions on various aspects of everyday life, such as politics and society, the use of mass media, leisure time activities, values, and the sense of belonging. The study was funded by the Swedish Cultural Foundation in Finland (Svenska kulturfonden). The first questions revolved around language. The respondents' and their families' Finnish and Swedish language skills were surveyed. It was examined whether the respondents had used Swedish, Finnish or both in different types of contexts, e.g. at home, at school, with friends, at bureaus and banks, and at work. The next questions concerned media, the press, radio, and television. The respondents were asked if they had a digital TV receiver in their household, and their preferred newspapers, radio stations and television channels were surveyed, as well as their internet and e-mail use. The survey also investigated the respondents' trust in different organisations such as the government, the church, social services, the universities, the police, and daycare services. The respondents' interest in local government and municipal politics was examined, and they were presented with statements concerning the upcoming 2008 municipal elections and asked whether they were involved in an election campaign either as a candidate or in some other way. It was also queried which party they usually voted for, if they would vote for the same party in this election, and whether they read blogs written by local councillors and municipal election candidates. The respondents were asked how local councillors should conduct municipal politics and if they felt that citizens are able to participate in decision-making. Some questions covered municipal mergers generally and in the respondents' own municipality. The next questions were formulated by the "Förvaltningslösningar språkliga konsekvenser" project (SpråKon). Questions covered the respondents' satisfaction in some aspects of their municipality of residence, including the availability of geriatric and healthcare services, schools and education, employment opportunities, public transport, culture and sports services, citizen participation possibilities, equal rights of men and women, safety, and opportunities for entrepreneurship. Finally, the respondents were asked whether they felt that people living in the municipality and neighbourhood -- Finnish-speaking, Swedish-speaking or in general -- share the same values, and which decision-making bodies have done the most to advance employment and entrepreneurship in the municipality. Background variables included, for instance, region of residence, age group, gender, education level, economic activity and occupational status, marital status, and household composition.

Raw data: News reports articles and comments about Gay, Shincheonji, Coupang and Call center, who are related to the mass infection of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In 2022, data revealed that 88 percent of persons employed as journalists or newspaper and periodical editors in the United Kingdom were white. Overall, there were only small fluctuations between 2016 and 2021, demonstrating that there is ample room for increased representation of non-white employees within the industry, though the share of journalists from other ethnic groups grew by four percent between 2020 and 2022.

This dataset provides information on Government of Canada (GC) media expenditures for all media placement made through the Agency of Record (AOR) for GC institutions, from fiscal year 2016/2017 and updated annually following the publication of the Annual Report on Government of Canada Advertising Activities. The dataset is broken down into two files because of differences in the data collected. The information is broken down by fiscal year, GC institution, media category, media type and audience. For more information on the content of this dataset, consult the supporting documentation and data dictionary. For more information on GC advertising activities and expenditures, consult the Annual Reports on Government of Canada Advertising Activities: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-services-procurement/services/communication/government-advertising/annual-reports.html#reports

This dataset contains 2,555 newspaper articles from eight different Finnish news media (Helsingin Sanomat, Turun Sanomat, Maaseudun Tulevaisuus, YLE News (online), Hufvudstadsbladet, Kainuun Sanomat, Ilkka, and Tekniikka & Talous). The data were collected by eight researchers of the WeAll project in the spring of 2016. The newspaper clippings comprise news articles, columns, interviews, editorials and letters to the editor regarding themes of working life, education, and equality. During the collection process, attention was paid to whether distinctions exist in the articles regarding gender, region, socioeconomic differences, age, sexual orientation, health, disabilities, or ethnic or other minorities. Topics of the articles include work-life balance, well-being at work, bullying, discrimination, social security benefits, organisational and management practices, unemployment, career and educational choices, equality and minorities in working life and education. The dataset is only available in Finnish.

The Globalization of Personal Data (GPD) was an international, multi-disciplinary and collaborative research initiative drawing mainly on the social sciences but also including information, computing, technology studies, and law, that explored the implications of processing personal and population data in electronic format from 2004 to 2008. Such data included everything from census statistics to surveillance camera images, from biometric passports to supermarket loyalty cards. The project ma intained a strong concern for ethics, politics and policy development around personal data. The project, funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC) under its Initiative on the New Economy program, conducted research on why surveillance occurs, how it operates, and what this means for people's everyday lives (See http://www.sscqueens.org/projects/gpd). The unique aspect of the GPD included a major international survey on citizens' attitudes to issues of surveillance and privacy. The GPD project was conducted in nine countries: Canada, U.S.A., France, Spain, Hungary, Mexico, Brazil, China, and Japan. Three data files were produced: a Seven-Country file (Canada, U.S.A., France, Spain, Hungary, Mexico, and Brazil), a China file, and a Japan file. Country Report are available for download from QSpace (Queen's University Research and Learning Repository).

This dataset contains the questionnaire in XML format, applicable for soscisurvey.com, that was used in a study investigating discrimination against sexual and gender minority students in a number of higher education institutions in Germany. The study focuses on forms and frequencies of heterosexist discrimination experiences in daily life and on campus, as well as the state of mental well-being among those affected, whilst examinng similarities and differences between cisgender and transgender/non-binary minority students.The study was conducted as a cross-sectional survey involving 357 participants from eighty-six higher education institutions. Participants were recruited through various channels such as university mailing lists, LGBTQ student organizations, and social media platforms. Data collection was performed from June to August 2022 via soscisurvey.com. After a brief introduction, participants gave their informed consent for the anonymized data processing. Approval of the RWTH Aachen University Human Research Ethics Committee had been given in advance.The questionnaire consists of several sections addressing sociodemographic information, experiences of discrimination on and off campus, as well as questions on personal attitudes towards their sexuality and their community, based on the Minority Stress Model (Meyer 2004). The well-validated PHQ was employed to assess general anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), and somatization disorders (PHQ-15).

This project is the first census of all local councillors in all four constitutive nations of the UK, conducted in 2018 and 2019. The local level, so important to our democracy, is too often ignored, and political representation is predominantly studied at the national level. The particular importance of local level to ethnic representation cannot be overstated as it is often the first step in politics and political careers for many minority politicians, and a first line of contact for minority individuals and communities in need of help. This project seeks to fill this research gap and to put local representation at the heart of studying how ethnic minorities are politically represented in Britain. Our research design was developed to study the experiences of ethnic minority local councillors from visibly racialised backgrounds of both genders, to further our understandings of the mechanisms that underpin representational inequalities. We collected the ethnicity, gender and political party of every local councillor in the UK by referring to council websites. We sought to sample our interviewees to reflect a range of non-white backgrounds and political experience as well as gender balance. Interviewees were asked about how they became involved in local politics, their views on the extent of demand for greater diversity in local government and their experiences of running for selection and election for local government as well as serving as a local councillor. The collection consists of interview transcripts with 95 ethnic minority local councillors, candidates and activists, or white British councillors in local government leadership positions.Understandings of ethnic inequalities in the UK have developed substantially as a result of the work of The Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE). CoDE has successfully carried out an innovative programme of research, pursued challenging scientific objectives, and worked closely with a range of non-academic partners to impact on policy debates and development. In a rapidly evolving political and policy context, we propose a further, ambitious programme of work that takes us in new directions with a distinct focus. We will move beyond nuanced description to understanding processes and causes of ethnic inequalities, and build directly on our established experience in interdisciplinary and mixed methods working. In addition, we will use a co-production approach, working with a range of partners, including key public institutions such as the BBC, universities, political parties, ethnic minority NGOs, activists, and individuals, in order to frame and carry out our research in ways that will maximise our societal impact and lead to meaningful change. Our overarching objectives are to: -Understand how ethnic inequalities develop in a range of interconnected domains -Examine how these processes relate to and are shaped by other social categories, such as gender, class, religion and generation -Understand how ethnic inequalities take shape, and are embedded, in institutional spaces and practices -Work closely with policy and practice partners to meaningfully address enduring ethnic inequalities -Pursue methodological developments with interdisciplinary mixed methods and co-production at their core -Achieve ongoing high quality international academic impact Through a research plan divided into four work packages, we will examine ethnic inequalities in (1) higher education, (2) cultural production and consumption, (3) politics, representation and political parties and (4) pursue policy and institutional impact with our work in these areas. Alongside this, we are also conducting a programme of work on severe mental illness. These work packages will be organised around our ambition to understand, explain and impact on ethnic inequalities through a focus on institutional production of and responses to ethnic inequalities. At the core of our methodological approach is interdisciplinary and mixed methods working. Our quantitative work will be predominantly secondary data analysis, making the best use of the wide range of resources in the UK (e.g. Understanding Society, Destination of Leavers of Higher Education Survey, British Election Study, ONS Longitudinal Studies). Our qualitative work will be based around ethnographic approaches that are attentive to the ways in which social processes play out differently in different sites and institutions. We are informed especially by the approach of institutional ethnography which prioritises an attention to the lived, everyday experience of inequality, but aims to clarify the wider social relations in which such experiences are embedded and by which they are shaped. Thus institutional ethnographies will be developed which begin with exploring the experience of those directly involved in institutional settings as a route to understanding how structures and practices of institutions shape individuals' experiences and practices. Throughout our work we will integrate and mobilise research evidence to engage with a full range of partners in order to influence policy and practice development, public understanding and institutional practice. As well as having academic impact (journal articles, conferences, seminars, newsletters), our findings will be communicated directly to policy and advocacy organisations through a combination of well developed (blogs, Twitter, policy briefings) and emerging (podcasts and live streaming, museum and art exhibitions, online portal for individual narratives) forms of dissemination, and we will work directly with these organisations to achieve change. We hand coded all councillors’ ethnicity based on pictures included on the relevant council website, in cases where we lacked pictures or pictures were not definitive, we performed an online search of local media and councillors’ own professional websites. Finally, we used OriginsInfo software to auto-code the names of all councillors who we hand coded as ethnic minority, or unknown. OriginsInfo operates a proprietary algorithm to compare personal and family names with the ethnic, religious and cultural origin of 5,000,000 names from around the world. OriginsInfo matches forenames and surnames against a stored database of names and classifies them according to their most likely cultural origins by linguistic and religious affiliations. We used semi-structured interviews in order to gain insight into the ways in which ethnic minority councillors make sense of their social locations in their political environments, routes to office including selection and election processes, their experiences of serving on local councils and engaging with the constituents they represent. We sought to sample our interviewees to reflect a range of ethnic non-white backgrounds and political experience as well as gender balance. We conducted 94 semi-structured interviews, the majority of which were with British ethnic minority local councillors in England. Five of our female interviewees were of ethnic minority background who had been candidates for local council or parliament, rather than councillors. We also interviewed two local women activists of minority background working on political representation of women of colour.

Exposure to radio and tv of ethnic minorities in the Netherlands / exposure to special ethnic programmes / reasons respondent don`t watch or listen / comments / exposure to ethnic programmes on foreign or local tv or radio / items respondent would like to see on ( ethnic ) tv or radio or in brochures / Dutch and own language papers and magazines they read, how many, how often, how well / how ethnic minorities keep informed about: own country, the Netherlands and own group in the Netherlands / possession frequency of buying video films or recording from tv / integration / orientation on own country and on the Netherlands / knowledge of Dutch / basic questions on education and work / basic test of knowledge of the Netherlands. Background variables: basic characteristics/ place of birth/ residence/ household characteristics/ occupation/employment/ education/ politics/ consumption of durables/ readership, mass media, and 'cultural' exposure

Background: The global challenges of climate change, disease and hunger exceed national borders as do possibilities of sustained life, exploration and economic development in outer space. Both help to underscore the need for sustained international STEM research to leverage the talent embedded in different countries and in diverse groups within countries. This study focuses on the United States National Science Foundation provision of funds to its Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation (LSAMP) Program to create a National Center of Excellence LSAMP-NICE for the establishment of international STEM Research Partnerships with a particular emphasis on the integration of international collaborative research for underrepresented minority STEM faculty, students and graduates. The study focuses on the diffusion of this Center’s services to the LSAMP Community, a group of 56 LSAMP funded STEM enrichment programs located across the United States. We found that LSAMP-NICE used mass media (a website and two advertorials in a national journal) and an annual national meeting as its major diffusion strategies during its first two years. Forty-two (42) programs responded to the questionnaire. The majority of the respondents (71.4%) had not used the website; 88.1% had not read the Advertorial in Science Magazine; and 78.6% did not attend the national 2019 LSAMP-NICE Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C. Our study suggests a need for additional diffusion techniques to reach the intended audience. Some respondent suggestions for diffusion include participation by LSAMP-NICE representatives at LSAMP Regional Conferences and Symposia, visits by LSAMP-NICE staff to LSAMP programs, forging relationships with higher education institutions abroad so LSAMP students can obtain summer or longer-term research experiences and providing technical assistance on applying for international travel funds.

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures, such as how satisfied they were with their present life, whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on subjects they held strong opinions about, whether they discussed political matters, and how they viewed the need for societal change. Additional questions focused on the respondents' knowledge of and opinions on the European Union (EU), including how well-informed they felt about the EU, what sources of information about the EU they used, whether their country had benefited from being an EU member, and the extent of their personal interest in EU matters. Respondents were asked how their present situation compared with five years ago, whether they thought it would improve over the next five years, and if in the last five years they themselves, a family member, or a close friend had been unemployed or if the company they worked for had "made people redundant," i.e., laid people off. Respondents were also asked about how much news they currently watched on TV, read about in newspapers, or listened to on the radio, how fair they felt the media coverage of the EU was, whether their image of the EU was positive or negative, and which groups or types of people (e.g., children, the elderly, politicians, teachers, lawyers, factory workers, farmers, etc.) had more and which had less advantages from their country's EU membership. Other questions focused on how satisfied respondents were with the way democracy worked in their country and in the EU, how important various European institutions were in the life of the EU and whether they trusted them, the amount of pride they had in their nationality, and if they were for or against EU features such as a single currency, an independent European Central Bank, a common foreign policy, a common defense and security policy, and a European Union that is responsible beyond national, regional, and local governments. Opinions were sought on possible EU social and political actions, which nonmember countries should become members, the role of the European Parliament, and whether the EU should have a constitution. Other topics of focus in the surveys included racism, general services, food labeling, and information and communication technologies. Several questions about people of different nationalities, religions, or cultures queried respondents as to whether they found these people disturbing, whether they themselves felt they were part of the majority or minority in their country, and if they had a parent or grandparent of a different nationality, race, religion, or culture. Respondents were asked to agree or disagree with a number of statements about issues involving minority groups and education, housing, social benefits, international sport, cultural life, religious practices, employment, and the economy. Additionally, respondent opinion was sought on the size of minority populations in their country, how relations with minorities could be improved, whether restrictions should be placed on minority workers from outside the EU, and the proper place in society for these minorities. A few questions also queried respondents about cultural and religious differences that immigrants (i.e., people who were not citizens of a member state of the EU) brought to the EU and how the EU should handle various situations involving this group of people. Questions regarding services of general interest, specifically mobile and fixed telephone services, electric, gas, and water supply services, postal services, transport services within towns/cities, and rail services between towns/cities, probed for respondent opinion on ease of access, price and contract fairness, quality of service, and clearness of service-provided information. For each service, respondents were asked whether in the last 12 months they had personally made a complaint about the service to any complaint-handling body and how they felt the situation was handled. Another section of the surveys queried respondents on how often they read food labels, if they thought there was too much or too little information on food labels, if they trusted and understood food labels, whether potential harm or benefit information should appear on the labels, who should be responsible for the information, and if food labels affected t

This election study survey is based upon questions asked in the Canadian Election Study, but tailored for the Nova Scotia context. It was conducted by the Consortium on Electoral Democracy (C-Dem).