There were approximately 1,148 child abduction offences recorded by the police in England and Wales in 2023/24, an increase when compared with the previous year.

The average for 2017 based on 65 countries was 1.8 kidnappings per 100,000 people. The highest value was in Belgium: 10.3 kidnappings per 100,000 people and the lowest value was in Bermuda: 0 kidnappings per 100,000 people. The indicator is available from 2003 to 2017. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

In 2023/24 there were 7,277 kidnapping offences recorded by the police in England and Wales, a slight decrease when compared with the previous year when there were 7,378 offences. Kidnapping offences reached a low of 1,388 offences in the 2012/13 reporting year but have been increasing in almost every reporting year since then. Rising crime overall Kidnapping offences have increased at a time of rising overall crime. After declining for several years between 2003/04 and 2010/11, overall crime offences suddenly started to increase, and reached a recent peak of 6.74 million offences in 2022/23. While the overall number of crimes has grown, UK crime rates are actually slightly lower than in the early 2000s, due to population growth. As of 2023/24, the number of crimes per 1,000 people was 89.7 in England and Wales, 55 in Scotland, and 58.4 in Northern Ireland. Money and manpower to blame? The current crime trends that are prevailing in the UK have led to questions about the ability of the police to counter it, and if they have the manpower and resources to do so. For much of the 2010s the police had cuts to their funding leading to a decline in officer numbers, although both trends have recently been reversed, with funding increasing from the late 2010s onwards. Other parts of the justice system, such as legal aid funding have not seen a reversal of this trend, with spending in 2022/23 below that of 2014/15 in real terms.

Mean number of teeth per child missing due to dental caries (decay) in the whole age-group, i.e. teeth which decayed in the past and were treated by extraction. To provide standardised, information about dental decay levels among child age cohorts using population representative random samples. This indicator has been discontinued and so there will be no further updates. Legacy unique identifier: P00558

Legacy unique identifier: P00557

Mean number of teeth, missing decayed or filled in 5 year-olds.

Mean number of teeth per child sampled which were either actively decayed or had been filled or extracted. Data was only available at PCT level, and had to be apportioned to Local Authorities. This process can only be approximate where PCTs are not completely contained within Local Authorities. Data is missing for some areas, in London Greenwich and Bexley.

http://www.apho.org.uk/default.aspx?QN=HP_DATATABLES

Legacy unique identifier: P00569

The National Community Child Health Database (NCCHD) is a database maintained by Digital Health and Care Wales (DHCW). The data is extracted routinely from local health board held Child Health System databases. Full details of every data item available on both the Maternity Indicators dataset and National Community Child Health Database are available through the NWIS Data Dictionary: http://www.datadictionary.wales.nhs.uk/#!WordDocuments/datasetstructure20.htm From 1st April 2019 health service provision for residents of Bridgend local authority moved from Abertawe Bro Morgannwg to Cwm Taf. For more information see the joint statement from Cwm Taf and Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Boards (see weblinks). The health board names have changed with Cwm Taf University Health Board becoming Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board and Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board becoming Swansea Bay University Health Board. Data for Abertawe Bro Morgannwg and Cwm Taf are available for previous years in this table by selecting the tick boxes in the Area drop-down box. Breastfeeding data at 10 days, 6 weeks and 6 months is collected through the Healthy Child Wales Programme. The delivery of this programme has been affected by COVID-19 and has resulted in a small increase of missing breastfeeding data in Apr-Jun 2020. The percentage of missing data for the quarter Jul-Sep 2020 is in line with pre-COVID-19 levels.

Mean number of teeth per child in the whole age-group which are either actively decayed and require treatment or which were treated for decay either by extraction or filling, i.e. the mean number of teeth which were affected by decay. This is a summation of the mean number of decayed/missing/filled teeth. To provide standardised, information about dental decay levels among child age cohorts using population representative random samples. Legacy unique identifier: P00561

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) asks a sole adult in a random sample of households about their, or their household's, experience of crime victimisation in the previous 12 months. These are recorded in the victim form data file (VF). A wide range of questions are then asked, covering demographics and crime-related subjects such as attitudes to the police and the criminal justice system (CJS). These variables are contained within the non-victim form (NVF) data file. In 2009, the survey was extended to children aged 10-15 years old; one resident of that age range was also selected from the household and asked about their experience of crime and other related topics. The first set of children's data covered January-December 2009 and is held separately under SN 6601. From 2009-2010, the children's data cover the same period as the adult data and are included with the main study.

The Telephone-operated Crime Survey for England and Wales (TCSEW) became operational on 20 May 2020. It was a replacement for the face-to-face CSEW, which was suspended on 17 March 2020 because of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. It was set up with the intention of measuring the level of crime during the pandemic. As the pandemic continued throughout the 2020/21 survey year, questions have been raised as to whether the year ending March 2021 TCSEW is comparable with estimates produced in earlier years by the face-to-face CSEW. The ONS Comparability between the Telephone-operated Crime Survey for England and Wales and the face-to-face Crime Survey for England and Wales report explores those factors that may have a bearing on the comparability of estimates between the TCSEW and the former CSEW. These include survey design, sample design, questionnaire changes and modal changes.

More general information about the CSEW may be found on the ONS Crime Survey for England and Wales web page and for the previous BCS, from the GOV.UK BCS Methodology web page.

History - the British Crime Survey

The CSEW was formerly known as the British Crime Survey (BCS), and has been in existence since 1981. The 1982 and 1988 BCS waves were also conducted in Scotland (data held separately under SNs 4368 and 4599). Since 1993, separate Scottish Crime and Justice Surveys have been conducted. Up to 2001, the BCS was conducted biennially. From April 2001, the Office for National Statistics took over the survey and it became the CSEW. Interviewing was then carried out continually and reported on in financial year cycles. The crime reference period was altered to accommodate this.

Secure Access CSEW data
In addition to the main survey, a series of questions covering drinking behaviour, drug use, self-offending, gangs and personal security, and intimate personal violence (IPV) (including stalking and sexual victimisation) are asked of adults via a laptop-based self-completion module (questions may vary over the years). Children aged 10-15 years also complete a separate self-completion questionnaire. The questionnaires are included in the main documentation, but the data are only available under Secure Access conditions (see SN 7280), not with the main study. In addition, from 2011 onwards, lower-level geographic variables are also available under Secure Access conditions (see SN 7311).

New methodology for capping the number of incidents from 2017-18
The CSEW datasets available from 2017-18 onwards are based on a new methodology of capping the number of incidents at the 98th percentile. Incidence variables names have remained consistent with previously supplied data but due to the fact they are based on the new 98th percentile cap, and old datasets are not, comparability has been lost with years prior to 2012-2013. More information can be found in the 2017-18 User Guide (see SN 8464) and the article ‘Improving victimisation estimates derived from the Crime Survey for England and Wales’.

Latest edition information

For the second edition (November 2020), the correct version of the 2018-2019 children non-victim form data has been deposited, previously the 2017-2018 data was made available.

Main Topics:

The study includes information from the adult and child questionnaires. Data from the adult and child samples are available as separate files.
Adults:The adult non-victim form questionnaire covers: perceptions of crime and local area; performance of the CJS; mobile phone crime; experiences of the police (Module A); attitudes to the CJS (Module B); crime prevention and security (Module C); financial loss and fraud; anti-social behaviour; demographics and media.
The adult victim form contains offence-level data. Up to six different incidents were asked about for each respondent. Each of these constituted a separate victim form and can be matched...

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

Background:
The Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW), previously known as the British Crime Survey (BCS), has been in existence since 1981. The survey traditionally asks a sole randomly selected adult, in a random sample of households, details pertaining to any instances where they, or the household, has been a victim of a crime in the previous 12 months. These are recorded in the victim form data file (VF). A wide range of questions are then asked covering demographics and crime-related subjects such as attitudes to the police and the criminal justice system (CJS). Most of the questionnaire is completed in a face-to-face interview in the respondent's home; these variables are contained within the non-victim form (NVF) data file. Since 2009, the survey has been extended to children aged 10-15 years old; one resident of that age range has also been selected at random from the household and asked about incidents where they have been a victim of crime, and other related topics. The first set of children's data, covering January-December 2009, had experimental status, and is held separately under SN 6601. From 2009-2010, the children's data cover the same period as the adult data and are included with the main dataset. Further information may be found on the ONS Crime Survey for England and Wales web page and for the previous BCS, from the GOV.UK BCS Methodology web page.

Self-completion data:
A series of questions on drinking behaviour, drug use and intimate personal violence (including stalking and sexual victimisation) are administered to adults via a self-completion module which the respondent completes on a laptop computer. Children aged 10-15 years also complete a separate self-completion questionnaire. The questions are contained within the main questionnaire documents, but the data are not available with the main survey; they are available only under Secure Access conditions. Lower-level geographic variables are also available under Secure Access conditions to match to the survey.

History:
Up to 2001, the survey was conducted biennially. From April 2001, interviewing was carried out continually and reported on in financial year cycles and the crime reference period was altered to accommodate this change. The core sample size has increased from around 11,000 in the earlier cycles to over 40,000. Following the National Statistician's Review of Crime Statistics in June 2011 the collation and publication of Crime Statistics moved to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) from 1st April 2012, and the survey changed its name to the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) accordingly.

Scottish data:
The 1982 and 1988 BCS waves were also conducted in Scotland. The England and Wales data for 1982 and 1988 are held at the UKDA under SNs 1869 and 2706, but the Scottish data for these studies are held separately under SNs 4368 and 4599. Since 1993, separate Scottish Crime and Justice Surveys have been conducted, see the series web page for more details.

New methodology for capping the number of incidents from 2017-18
The CSEW datasets available from 2017-18 onward are based upon a new methodology of capping the number of incidents at the 98th percentile. Incidence variables names have remained consistent with previously supplied data but due to the fact they are based on the new 98th percentile cap, and old data sets are not, comparability has been lost with previous years. More information can be found in the 2017-18 User Guide and the article ‘Improving victimisation estimates derived from the Crime Survey for England and Wales’. ONS intend to publish all micro data back to 1981 with incident data based on the 98th percentile cap later in 2019.

The main CSEW 1996-2020 Secure Access dataset (SN 7280) includes:

• the adult and child data also held in the standard End User Licence (EUL) version
• adult self-completion modules on drinking behaviour, drug use, stolen goods, children's self-completion modules and sexual identity and low-level geography variables formerly held under Special Licence access conditions (please note that not all modules occur for each year - see the survey year's documentation for details)
• hate crime variables HATEMT3A-HATEMT3I and HATEPS3A-HATEPS3I from the Victim Form
• the interpersonal violence (IPV) data (comprising the modules on domestic violence, sexual victimisation and stalking)

Users who do not require access to the modules noted above should apply for the EUL version. The Secure Access version has more restrictive access conditions than the standard EUL version - see the 'Access' tab. All studies in the series can be viewed from the Crime Survey for England and Wales series webpage.

This study also includes the following...

Legacy unique identifier: P00558

Legacy unique identifier: P00570

Data on the number of abductions recorded by the police in Scotland from reporting year 2008/09 to reporting year 2019/20 shows that since the high of 330 offences recorded at the start of this period, the number of abductions in Scotland has fluctuated between 277 and 221 recorded offences, with 223 cases reported in 2019/20.

The Special Educational Needs (SEN) Information Act (2008) required the Secretary of State to publish information about children in England with special educational needs to help improve the well-being of these children.This is the second statistical publication that has been developed to meet the requirements of the Act.

This publication includes new information on pupils with SEN alongside further interpretation of existing findings. There are new sections on looked after children with SEN, as well as reasons why pupils with SEN are absent and excluded from school and information on the types of school attended by pupils with SEN. All figures are provided at national level, with some Regional and Local Authority level information.

The publication is divided into six key themes with data derived from a range of sources, including the School Census and National Pupil Database.

Abstract

The Young Lives survey is an innovative long-term project investigating the changing nature of childhood poverty in four developing countries. The purpose of the project is to improve understanding of the causes and consequences of childhood poverty and examine how policies affect children's well-being, in order to inform the development of future policy and to target child welfare interventions more effectively. The study is being conducted in Ethiopia, India (in Andhra Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam. These countries were selected because they reflect a range of cultural, geographical and social contexts and experience differing issues facing the developing world; high debt burden, emergence from conflict, and vulnerability to environmental conditions such as drought and flood.

The Young Lives study aims to track the lives of 12,000 children over a 15-year period, surveyed once every 3-4 years. Round 1 of Young Lives surveyed two groups of children in each country, at 1 year old and 5 years old. Round 2 returned to the same children who were then aged 5 and 12 years old. Round 3 surveyed the same children again at aged 7-8 years and 14-15 years, and Round 4 surveyed them at 12 and 19 years old. Thus the younger children are being tracked from infancy to their mid-teens and the older children through into adulthood, when some will become parents themselves.

The survey consists of three main elements: a child questionnaire, a household questionnaire and a community questionnaire. The household data gathered is similar to other cross-sectional datasets (such as the World Bank's Living Standards Measurement Study). It covers a range of topics such as household composition, livelihood and assets, household expenditure, child health and access to basic services, and education. This is supplemented with additional questions that cover caregiver perceptions, attitudes, and aspirations for their child and the family. Young Lives also collects detailed time-use data for all family members, information about the child's weight and height (and that of caregivers), and tests the children for school outcomes (language comprehension and mathematics). An important element of the survey asks the children about their daily activities, their experiences and attitudes to work and school, their likes and dislikes, how they feel they are treated by other people, and their hopes and aspirations for the future. The community questionnaire provides background information about the social, economic and environmental context of each community. It covers topics such as ethnicity, religion, economic activity and employment, infrastructure and services, political representation and community networks, crime and environmental changes. The Young Lives survey is carried out by teams of local researchers, supported by the Principal Investigator and Data Manager in each country.

Further information about the survey, including publications, can be downloaded from the Young Lives website.

School surveys were introduced into Young Lives in 2010 in order to capture detailed information about children’s experiences of schooling, and to improve our understanding of: - the relationships between learning outcomes, and children's home backgrounds, gender, work, schools, teachers and class and school peer-groups. - school effectiveness, by analysing factors explaining the development of cognitive and non-cognitive skills in school, including value-added analysis of schooling and comparative analysis of school-systems. - equity issues (including gender) in relation to learning outcomes and the evolution of inequalities within education

The survey allows us to link longitudinal information on household and child characteristics from the household survey with data on the schools attended by the Young Lives children and children's achievements inside and outside the school. It provides policy-relevant information on the relationship between child development (and its determinants) and children’s experience of school, including access, quality and progression. This combination of household, child and school-level data over time constitutes the comparative advantage of Young Lives. Findings are all available on our Education theme pages and our publications page. Further information is available from the Young Lives http://www.younglives.org.uk/content/school-survey-0" title="School Survey">School Survey webpages.

Geographic coverage

The Young Lives study traced the lives of 3,000 children in 20 sentinel sites located in five regions of the country (Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia, SNNP and Tigray). The second school survey extended beyond the 20 Young Lives sites to include ten newly selected sites in the developing regions of Somali and Afar, where historically poor access to and participation in services, including education, is of particular concern to government, donors and NGOs.

Analysis unit

Individuals Institutions/organisations

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Multi-stage stratified random sample

The final sample included 94 ‘schools’ and 280 classes (142 Grade 4 and 134 Grade 5) making a sample size of 13,724. The majority of surveyed schools are government-owned (75 out of 94), but 19 nongovernment-owned schools were also surveyed in sites in Addis Ababa, SNNP and Somali regions.

The second school survey in Ethiopia sampled all pupils (including both Young Lives Younger Cohort children and non-Young Lives children) studying in all Grade 4 and Grade 5 classes in all schools located within the geographic boundaries of each survey sentinel site. The survey therefore constitutes a site-level census of all Grade 4 and 5 pupils attending school within the geographic boundaries of the 30 sentinel sites.

The survey was conducted at both the beginning (Wave 1) and end (Wave 2) of the school year. At Wave 1, the pupil-level sample included all pupils present on the first day of the survey visit to the school. These pupils were then followed up at Wave 2, without replacement of absent pupils.

The twenty main Young Lives sites (in the regions of Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia, SNNP and Tigray) were selected purposely in 2001 to ensure that the household survey reflected the cultural and geographic diversity of the country, including urban-rural differences, but with a pro-poor bias and a focus on areas with food insecurity (see Outes-Leon and Sanchez 2008 for further details). Between three and five sites were selected in each region to represent diversity across zones and ethnicities. The ten new sites in Somali and Afar were selected according to the same criteria as in the household survey, but with additional considerations for fieldworker safety and security.

While not statistically representative at the national or regional levels, the survey includes a range of community settings illustrative of the diversity of the country. Appendix 1 of the survey report (provided under related materials) provides a description of the 30 school-survey sites.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face interview; Self-completion; Educational measurements; Observation

Research instrument

The instruments included in the survey are:

• Principal questionnaire: Administered individually by fieldworkers to principals.
• School site observation: Fieldworker completed through observation of school site during their time in the school.
• Teacher questionnaire: Administered individually by fieldworkers to teacher of YL child's class.
• Pupil questionnaire: Administered to the whole class. Fieldworker led and directed. Collected background data on the Pupil, as well as information on attitudes to school.
• Pupil assessments in Maths and Amharic: Administered to the whole class. Fieldworker led and directed.

Survey documentation and questionnaires are provided as related materials, and can also be downloaded from http://www.younglives.org.uk/content/ethiopia-school-survey