MMMU (A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGI)

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🛠️[2024-05-30]: Fixed duplicate option issues in Materials dataset items (validation_Materials_25; test_Materials_17, 242) and content error in validation_Materials_25. 🛠️[2024-04-30]: Fixed missing "-" or "^" signs in Math dataset items (dev_Math_2, validation_Math_11, 12, 16; test_Math_8… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/MMMU/MMMU.

This is a merged version of MMMU/MMMU with all subsets concatenated.

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Accelerating the development of large-scale multi-modality models (LMMs) with lmms-eval

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This is a formatted version of MMMU. It is used in our lmms-eval pipeline to allow for one-click evaluations of large multi-modality models. @article{yue2023mmmu, title={Mmmu: A massive… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmms-lab/MMMU.

pufanyi/MMMU dataset hosted on Hugging Face and contributed by the HF Datasets community

mm-eval/MMMU dataset hosted on Hugging Face and contributed by the HF Datasets community

llamastack/mmmu dataset hosted on Hugging Face and contributed by the HF Datasets community

VIM-Bench/VIM-MMMU dataset hosted on Hugging Face and contributed by the HF Datasets community

Memory Management Units (MMU) Market Outlook

The global Memory Management Units (MMU) market size is poised to witness substantial growth, with the market valued at approximately USD 1.2 billion in 2023 and expected to reach USD 2.8 billion by 2032, expanding at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 9.7% during the forecast period. The burgeoning demand for efficient memory management solutions, propelled by the increasing complexity of computing systems in various sectors, is a significant growth factor in this market. The need for sophisticated MMUs arises from the critical role they play in enhancing the performance and efficiency of electronic devices by managing their memory resources effectively.

The rapid advancement in technology and the proliferation of smart devices are pivotal factors driving the growth of the MMU market. As industries such as consumer electronics and automotive continue to evolve, the requirement for advanced memory management techniques becomes increasingly paramount. Devices are now expected to process complex operations with minimal latency, which necessitates the integration of highly efficient memory management systems. Furthermore, the growing trends in 5G and IoT technologies are creating unprecedented demand for advanced memory solutions, thereby fueling the need for robust MMU architectures that can handle the increased data throughput and storage requirements.

In addition to technological advancements, the escalating application of MMUs in sectors such as healthcare and telecommunications is also contributing significantly to market growth. In healthcare, for instance, the adoption of sophisticated medical devices and telemedicine solutions requires efficient memory management to ensure swift data processing and real-time diagnostics. Similarly, in telecommunications, as networks become more complex with the integration of new technologies, the need for efficient memory management solutions provided by MMUs becomes indispensable. This widespread applicability across diverse sectors underscores the versatility and essential nature of MMUs in modern electronic systems.

Another significant growth driver is the increasing demand for energy-efficient solutions. With the global focus on sustainable development, industries are striving to optimize energy usage, and MMUs play a crucial role in achieving this objective by optimizing the memory utilization of devices, which in turn reduces energy consumption. This factor is particularly critical in sectors like automotive and consumer electronics, where battery life and energy efficiency are key considerations. The development of innovative MMU architectures that offer enhanced performance while minimizing power consumption is likely to provide a competitive edge to market players.

Regionally, the Memory Management Units market is witnessing varied growth patterns. Asia Pacific stands out as a significant contributor to the market, driven by the strong presence of consumer electronics manufacturing hubs and increasing investments in technology development. North America and Europe are also crucial markets due to their established technological infrastructures and strong focus on research and development activities. These regions are expected to maintain steady growth rates, supported by advancements in industries such as automotive and aerospace. Meanwhile, emerging markets in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are anticipated to offer lucrative opportunities as they continue to invest in technological advancements and infrastructure development.

Component Analysis

The Memory Management Unit (MMU) market is bifurcated by components into hardware and software segments, each playing a vital role in enhancing system efficiency. The hardware segment holds a significant market share due to its critical function in the physical management of memory resources within computing systems. Hardware MMUs are essential in enabling devices to handle multiple processes simultaneously without compromising on speed or performance. This is especially crucial in high-performance systems such as servers and data centers that require robust memory management to efficiently process large volumes of data. The increasing demand for high-speed processors and systems that can support multitasking is driving the growth of hardware MMUs globally.

On the other hand, the software segment is gaining traction as software MMUs offer flexibility and ease of integration with existing systems. These software solutions are designed to work seamlessly with various operating systems, improving the memory manage

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Detailed information about the Organisation MMU-15.

This event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.

The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.

More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome. For details on PANTHER see also: http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp

The global Memory Management Units (MMU) market is projected to reach USD XXX million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period. The market growth is attributed to the increasing demand for MMUs in consumer electronics, military, and automotive applications. The growing adoption of cloud computing and virtualization technologies is also expected to drive market growth. Key market drivers include the rising demand for high-performance computing systems, the increasing adoption of mobile devices, and the growing popularity of cloud computing. The market is also expected to benefit from the growing demand for energy-efficient solutions and the increasing popularity of multicore processors. The major players operating in the MMU market include Intel, ARM, Atmel, Axis Communications, Keil, Linux Kernel, Xilinx, Motorola, Toshiba, Texas Instruments, and IBM.

snorfyang/captioned-mmmu dataset hosted on Hugging Face and contributed by the HF Datasets community

This event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.

The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.

More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome. For details on PANTHER see also: http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp

The Memory Management Unit (MMU) market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing demand for sophisticated embedded systems and the proliferation of high-performance computing applications. The market's expansion is fueled by several key factors. The rising adoption of advanced processors in various industries, including automotive, consumer electronics, and industrial automation, necessitates efficient memory management. Furthermore, the growing trend towards virtualization and cloud computing further intensifies the need for MMUs to effectively manage memory resources across multiple virtual machines. The increasing complexity of software applications and the demand for real-time processing capabilities also contribute to the market's growth. Leading players like Intel, ARM, and Texas Instruments are investing heavily in research and development to enhance MMU performance and integrate them into their latest processors. This intense competition is fostering innovation and driving down costs, making MMUs accessible to a broader range of applications. However, challenges remain, including the increasing complexity of MMU design and the need for energy-efficient solutions in power-constrained devices. Looking forward, the MMU market is projected to maintain a steady growth trajectory throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). The continued evolution of mobile devices, the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI) applications will significantly boost demand. The development of advanced memory technologies, such as high-bandwidth memory (HBM) and persistent memory, will require advanced MMUs to efficiently manage these resources. Furthermore, the increasing integration of MMUs into System-on-a-Chip (SoC) designs will streamline manufacturing processes and reduce costs. Despite potential restraints posed by fluctuating semiconductor prices and the need for skilled professionals in MMU design and integration, the overall market outlook remains optimistic, driven by robust technological advancements and a growing demand for efficient memory management in diverse applications.

Global Memory Management Units - MMU market size 2021 was recorded $1101.59 Million whereas by the end of 2025 it will reach $1589.5 Million. According to the author, by 2033 Memory Management Units - MMU market size will become $3309.37. Memory Management Units - MMU market will be growing at a CAGR of 9.6% during 2025 to 2033.

Gemini Ultra, developed by Google, has beaten OpenAI's GPT-4 in the MMMU benchmark. Only in business and science did GPT-4 perform better. The overall quality of the models is very similar, with Gemini only having a * point lead on its OpenAI developed competitor.

The MMU-GAG Dataset consists of two distinct subsets. The first is a Self-Collected Dataset comprising 930 subjects, captured under controlled and structured shooting conditions. The second subset is the more challenging Gait-in-the-Wild Dataset, which includes 419 subjects. This dataset was compiled from online platforms such as YouTube, featuring videos of individuals walking in unconstrained environments. Unlike the self-collected dataset, it has no restrictions on the number of walking sequences or walking directions.

In these two subsets, each subject is equipped with an initial gait video for key point extraction and generating corresponding JSON files. Each JSON file is annotated and named by age (Child, Adult, Senior) and gender (Male/Man/M, Female/Woman/F).

All video data were processed using AlphaPose, and the resulting human pose keypoints are provided in JSON format. Each dataset has 136 keypoints that are annotated for each person, but some of the data from Self-Collected Dataset only have 17 keypoints. Among them, there are 26 keypoints in the human trunk, covering the core trunk joints such as head, shoulders, arms, pelvis, legs, etc. The face has a total of 68 keypoints, which are carefully marked based on the facial feature structure, such as eyebrows, eyes, nose, lips and contour lines. The left and right hands each have 21, extending from the wrist to the joint nodes of each finger, forming a complete five-finger structure.

Please cite the following paper if you use the MMU-GAG Dataset in your work:

Timilehin B. Aderinola, Tee Connie, Thian Song Ong, Andrew Beng Jin Teoh, Michael Kah Ong Goh, "Gait-based Age Group Classification with Adaptive Graph Neural Network," Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 137, Part A, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2024.109081

Memory Management Units MMU Market Outlook

The global Memory Management Units (MMU) market size was valued at approximately USD 2.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach nearly USD 4.5 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 7%. This growth is primarily driven by the increasing demand for sophisticated memory management solutions across various applications such as consumer electronics, automotive, and telecommunications. The expanding use of digital devices and the ongoing advancements in technology necessitate efficient memory management, propelling the market forward. As the digital landscape becomes more complex, the MMU market is expected to see robust growth due to its vital role in improving system efficiency and performance.

One of the significant growth factors of the Memory Management Units market is the proliferation of smart devices and the internet of things (IoT). As more devices become interconnected, the demand for efficient memory management systems becomes paramount. MMUs enable these devices to run multiple applications smoothly by efficiently allocating memory resources. This capability is particularly crucial in consumer electronics and automotive sectors, where seamless operation and real-time processing are vital. Additionally, as IoT continues to expand into industrial applications, MMUs are becoming essential components for managing complex data streams and ensuring system reliability.

Another critical driver in the MMU market is the rapid advancement in automotive technology, specifically in the realm of autonomous driving and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). These technologies require sophisticated computing platforms that can process large amounts of data in real-time, necessitating advanced memory management solutions. MMUs play a pivotal role in these systems by ensuring efficient memory allocation, reducing latency, and enhancing overall system performance. Furthermore, as automakers strive to differentiate their offerings with cutting-edge technology, the incorporation of MMUs into vehicle architectures continues to be a key strategy for maintaining competitive advantage.

The telecommunications sector also contributes significantly to the growth of the MMU market. With the rollout of 5G networks and the increasing demand for high-speed data services, telecom operators are under pressure to optimize their network infrastructures. MMUs are integral to this process, as they support the efficient handling of data-intensive applications and services. By facilitating improved memory allocation and management, MMUs help telecom companies deliver enhanced service quality and operational efficiency. As the telecommunications industry continues to evolve, the demand for memory management solutions is expected to escalate, further driving the MMU market.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to hold a significant share of the Memory Management Units market, driven by the booming electronics and automotive industries in countries like China, Japan, and South Korea. The region's rapid technological advancements and the presence of numerous consumer electronics manufacturers create a fertile ground for the adoption of MMUs. Additionally, the increasing investments in infrastructure development and smart city projects across the region are further boosting the demand for advanced memory management solutions. The North American and European markets are also expected to experience substantial growth, fueled by the increasing adoption of IoT technologies and the demand for more efficient computing solutions in various sectors.

Component Analysis

The component segment of the Memory Management Units market is bifurcated into hardware and software. The hardware segment consists of physical memory management units that are integrated into devices to manage memory allocation and optimize performance. As the demand for more efficient and powerful computing devices grows, the hardware aspect of MMUs is becoming increasingly crucial. These hardware components are designed to handle complex memory tasks, ensuring that systems run smoothly and efficiently. With the constant evolution of technology and the need for enhanced performance, the hardware segment is poised for growth as manufacturers seek to integrate more sophisticated memory management solutions into their products.

The software component of the MMU market includes various memory management programs and applications that facilitate the effective allocation and utilization of memory resources. This segment is essential for providing the flexibility and efficiency requir

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Global Memory Management Units (Mmu) Market Report 2022 comes with the extensive industry analysis of development components, patterns, flows and sizes. The report also calculates present and past market values to forecast potential market management through the forecast period between 2022-2028. The report may be the best of what is a geographic area which expands the competitive landscape and industry perspective of the market.