Moldova had the highest net minimum monthly wage in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as of the beginning of 2024, at 222 euros. The minimum wage in Azerbaijan ranked second, measuring at 173 euros, closely followed by Russia. The lowest figure was recorded in Uzbekistan, where the minimum wage was just enough to cover basic food expenses. Why does the minimum wage get adjusted? The main idea behind the minimum wage is to improve the living standards of workers, particularly those in low-paid occupations. Furthermore, it strives to reduce the gender pay gap, promote workers’ effort, reduce the number of people in welfare programs, and increase consumption. Due to inflation and rising prices, governments occasionally review the minimum salary to maintain the purchasing power of their citizens. For example, Kazakhstan had one of the highest inflation rates in the CIS region in 2023, at around 15 percent. Consecutively, the minimum wage in the country increased by approximately 21 percent in that year. Is everyone guaranteed the minimum wage? Despite labor law protections in place, holding a job in an unregistered enterprise or working a non-declared job in a registered enterprise allows employees to circumvent minimum wage regulations. For instance, in Russia, employment in the informal sector made up less than a fifth of the total in 2022. The share of those working in industries unregulated by the state increased from the previous year due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In April 2021, over a fifth of surveyed Russians admitted to working reduced hours, being furloughed, or becoming unemployed, which made the gray economy sector the only viable option for thousands.

Moldova MD: Wage And Salary Workers: Modeled ILO Estimate: Male: % of Male Employment data was reported at 62.578 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 62.465 % for 2016. Moldova MD: Wage And Salary Workers: Modeled ILO Estimate: Male: % of Male Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 64.932 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2017, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 79.985 % in 1994 and a record low of 62.145 % in 2005. Moldova MD: Wage And Salary Workers: Modeled ILO Estimate: Male: % of Male Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.World Bank.WDI: Employment and Unemployment. Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as 'paid employment jobs,' where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.; ; International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database. Data retrieved in September 2018.; Weighted average; Data up to 2016 are estimates while data from 2017 are projections.

Moldova MD: Children in Employment: Wage Workers: % of Children in Employment: Aged 7-14 data was reported at 1.650 % in 2009. Moldova MD: Children in Employment: Wage Workers: % of Children in Employment: Aged 7-14 data is updated yearly, averaging 1.650 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. Moldova MD: Children in Employment: Wage Workers: % of Children in Employment: Aged 7-14 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.World Bank.WDI: Labour Force. Wage workers (also known as employees) are people who hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that provide basic remuneration that does not depend directly on the revenue of the unit for which they work.; ; Understanding Children's Work project based on data from ILO, UNICEF and the World Bank.; ;

Moldova BoP: CA: GI: Income: Compensation of Employees incl Border, Seasonal & Other Workers (CE) data was reported at 203.220 USD mn in Dec 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 204.040 USD mn for Sep 2017. Moldova BoP: CA: GI: Income: Compensation of Employees incl Border, Seasonal & Other Workers (CE) data is updated quarterly, averaging 132.800 USD mn from Mar 1996 (Median) to Dec 2017, with 88 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 300.860 USD mn in Sep 2013 and a record low of 15.000 USD mn in Mar 2000. Moldova BoP: CA: GI: Income: Compensation of Employees incl Border, Seasonal & Other Workers (CE) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bank of Moldova. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.JB003: Balance of Payments: BPM5: Standard Presentation.

Moldova MD: Wage And Salaried Workers: Modeled ILO Estimate: Female: % of Female Employment data was reported at 78.426 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 78.424 % for 2016. Moldova MD: Wage And Salaried Workers: Modeled ILO Estimate: Female: % of Female Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 75.250 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2017, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 83.682 % in 2009 and a record low of 63.084 % in 1992. Moldova MD: Wage And Salaried Workers: Modeled ILO Estimate: Female: % of Female Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.World Bank.WDI: Employment and Unemployment. Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as 'paid employment jobs,' where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.; ; International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database. Data retrieved in September 2018.; Weighted average; Data up to 2016 are estimates while data from 2017 are projections.

Abstract

Moldova Household Budget Survey (HBS) 2007 was implemented by the National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova (formerly the Department for Statistics and Sociology of the Republic of Moldova).

Household Budget Survey is a nationally representative survey that provides information on living standards in Moldova through collection of households' income and consumption data, as well as non-monetary indicators covering education, health, employment, housing, asset ownership, and self-assessed living conditions. Information obtained from the survey is also used to calculate the weights for the Consumption Price Index, and the households' final consumption. The HBS has been conducted quarterly starting in the second quarter of 1997.

In 2006, Moldova HBS was substantially modified in two main areas: the way in which households were selected (sampling frame and sampling area), and the data collection tools (questionnaires). Since 1997, the HBS sample had been extracted from the same areas causing exhaustion of households. Moldova Census 2004 provided updated and detailed information on the population to construct a new sampling frame. Census information was used to ensure a larger geographical coverage, thus improving the quality of indicators obtained at country and regional levels. The household diary design was changed to improve the way the survey covers various income sources and types of expenditure.

Data is collected through face-to-face interviews and the households' income and expenditure diary.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households,
• Individuals.

Universe

Population of the Household Budget Survey consists of all individual Moldovan households. Institutional households, such as hospitals, students' hostels, prisons, or senior citizens' houses, were not included in the survey. However, workers' hostels were included in the study.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sampling methodology for Moldova HBS was re-designed in 2006.

The updated HBS sample was selected using information from the Population Census 2004 and a joint database of electricity consumers in the whole country. 129 Primary Sampling Units (PSU) are now covered by HBS (before 2006, 45 PSUs were surveyed).

A larger number of PSUs improves regional estimates and ensures a representative sample not only for cities, towns and rural areas as did the previous survey, but also at the level of four statistical zones (North, Centre, South, and Chisinau). Moreover, both Chisinau and Balti municipialities are treated as a large primary sampling unit, from where households are selected, whereas before only some districts were included in the sample.

Two-stage probability sample is used to select households.

1) Sampling procedure: 1st stage - sampling with probabilities proportional to size (PPS) in each strata; 2nd stage - simple random sample (SRS) of households in each PSU.

2) Rotation scheme: 1st stage - starting with 2008 about 20% of PSUs will be annually replaced; 2nd stage - one half of households will participate in the survey during five consecutive years and the rest of households will be replaced with the new ones.

Updated HBS sampling design does not use substitution in case of non-response.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Moldova MD: Wage And Salaried Workers: Modeled ILO Estimate: % of Total Employment data was reported at 70.454 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 70.419 % for 2016. Moldova MD: Wage And Salaried Workers: Modeled ILO Estimate: % of Total Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 70.251 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2017, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 81.122 % in 1994 and a record low of 66.411 % in 1992. Moldova MD: Wage And Salaried Workers: Modeled ILO Estimate: % of Total Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.World Bank.WDI: Employment and Unemployment. Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as 'paid employment jobs,' where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.; ; International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database. Data retrieved in September 2018.; Weighted average; Data up to 2016 are estimates while data from 2017 are projections.

Moldova MD: Law Mandates Equal Remuneration for Females & Males for Work of Equal Value: 1=Yes; 0=No data was reported at 0.000 NA in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 NA for 2015. Moldova MD: Law Mandates Equal Remuneration for Females & Males for Work of Equal Value: 1=Yes; 0=No data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 NA from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2017, with 3 observations. Moldova MD: Law Mandates Equal Remuneration for Females & Males for Work of Equal Value: 1=Yes; 0=No data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.World Bank.WDI: Policy and Institutions. Law mandates equal remuneration for females and males for work of equal value is whether there is a law that obligates employers to pay equal remuneration to male and female employees who do work of equal value.“Remuneration” refers to the ordinary, basic or minimum wage or salary and any additional emoluments payable directly or indirectly, whether in cash or in kind, by the employer to the worker and arising out of the worker’s employment. “Work of equal value” refers not only to the same or similar jobs but also to different jobs of the same value.; ; World Bank: Women, Business and the Law.; ;

Moldova MD: Children in Employment: Wage Workers: Male: % of Male Children in Employment: Aged 7-14 data was reported at 2.140 % in 2009. Moldova MD: Children in Employment: Wage Workers: Male: % of Male Children in Employment: Aged 7-14 data is updated yearly, averaging 2.140 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. Moldova MD: Children in Employment: Wage Workers: Male: % of Male Children in Employment: Aged 7-14 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.World Bank.WDI: Labour Force. Wage workers (also known as employees) are people who hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that provide basic remuneration that does not depend directly on the revenue of the unit for which they work.; ; Understanding Children's Work project based on data from ILO, UNICEF and the World Bank.; ;

Moldova MD: Children in Employment: Wage Workers: Female: % of Female Children in Employment: Aged 7-14 data was reported at 0.860 % in 2009. Moldova MD: Children in Employment: Wage Workers: Female: % of Female Children in Employment: Aged 7-14 data is updated yearly, averaging 0.860 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. Moldova MD: Children in Employment: Wage Workers: Female: % of Female Children in Employment: Aged 7-14 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.World Bank: Labour Force. Wage workers (also known as employees) are people who hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that provide basic remuneration that does not depend directly on the revenue of the unit for which they work.; ; Understanding Children's Work project based on data from ILO, UNICEF and the World Bank.; ;

Moldova Household Disposable Income: Rural data was reported at 100.000 % in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 100.000 % for 2016. Moldova Household Disposable Income: Rural data is updated yearly, averaging 100.000 % from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2017, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 100.000 % in 2017 and a record low of 100.000 % in 2017. Moldova Household Disposable Income: Rural data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.H003: Household Disposable Income.

Moldova MD: GDP: Net Income from Abroad data was reported at 9,481.000 MDL mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 9,227.373 MDL mn for 2016. Moldova MD: GDP: Net Income from Abroad data is updated yearly, averaging 3,403.797 MDL mn from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2017, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11,573.480 MDL mn in 2014 and a record low of -107.194 MDL mn in 1995. Moldova MD: GDP: Net Income from Abroad data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.World Bank: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current local currency.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; ;

Moldova MD: GDP: USD: Gross National Income: Atlas Method data was reported at 7.754 USD bn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 7.590 USD bn for 2016. Moldova MD: GDP: USD: Gross National Income: Atlas Method data is updated yearly, averaging 4.132 USD bn from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2017, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.105 USD bn in 2014 and a record low of 1.364 USD bn in 2000. Moldova MD: GDP: USD: Gross National Income: Atlas Method data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Gap-filled total;

Moldova MD: GDP: USD: Gross National Income data was reported at 8.641 USD bn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 7.259 USD bn for 2016. Moldova MD: GDP: USD: Gross National Income data is updated yearly, averaging 3.810 USD bn from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2017, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.857 USD bn in 2013 and a record low of 1.195 USD bn in 1999. Moldova MD: GDP: USD: Gross National Income data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Gap-filled total;

Moldova MD: GDP: USD: Net Income from Abroad data was reported at 512.514 USD mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 463.133 USD mn for 2016. Moldova MD: GDP: USD: Net Income from Abroad data is updated yearly, averaging 321.462 USD mn from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 871.640 USD mn in 2013 and a record low of -29.000 USD mn in 1995. Moldova MD: GDP: USD: Net Income from Abroad data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; ;

Moldova MD: BoP: Current Account: Secondary Income: General Government: Social Contributions: ow Payable by Border, Seasonal & Other Short Term Workers: Credit data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in Sep 2024. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for Jun 2024. Moldova MD: BoP: Current Account: Secondary Income: General Government: Social Contributions: ow Payable by Border, Seasonal & Other Short Term Workers: Credit data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Mar 2018 (Median) to Sep 2024, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in Sep 2024 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in Sep 2024. Moldova MD: BoP: Current Account: Secondary Income: General Government: Social Contributions: ow Payable by Border, Seasonal & Other Short Term Workers: Credit data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.IMF.BOP: BPM6: Balance of Payments: Detailed Presentation.

Moldova MD: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data was reported at 2,180.000 USD in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,140.000 USD for 2016. Moldova MD: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data is updated yearly, averaging 1,160.000 USD from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2017, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,560.000 USD in 2014 and a record low of 370.000 USD in 2000. Moldova MD: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. GNI per capita (formerly GNP per capita) is the gross national income, converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Weighted average;

Moldova Gross National Disposable Income: Final Consumption: Households data was reported at 116,547,021.000 MDL th in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 107,674,403.000 MDL th for 2015. Moldova Gross National Disposable Income: Final Consumption: Households data is updated yearly, averaging 38,027,196.500 MDL th from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2016, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 116,547,021.000 MDL th in 2016 and a record low of 3,616,024.000 MDL th in 1995. Moldova Gross National Disposable Income: Final Consumption: Households data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.A027: Gross National Disposable Income.

Moldova Household Disposable Income data was reported at 100.000 % in 2022. This stayed constant from the previous number of 100.000 % for 2021. Moldova Household Disposable Income data is updated yearly, averaging 100.000 % from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2022, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 100.000 % in 2022 and a record low of 100.000 % in 2022. Moldova Household Disposable Income data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.H003: Household Disposable Income.

Moldova Enterprises Income: Construction data was reported at 15,158.900 MDL mn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 15,056.000 MDL mn for 2015. Moldova Enterprises Income: Construction data is updated yearly, averaging 7,346.996 MDL mn from Dec 1999 (Median) to 2016, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15,158.900 MDL mn in 2016 and a record low of 847.500 MDL mn in 1999. Moldova Enterprises Income: Construction data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.O002: Enterprises Income.