This dataset describes the mothers in the households that participated in this baseline survey. The spreadsheet has 70 columns and 2,856 rows. The Malawi Population-Based Survey (PBS) provides a comprehensive assessment of the current status of agriculture and food security in seven districts in the Central and Southern Regions: Mchinji, Lilongwe, Dedza, Ntcheu, Balaka, Machinga, and Mangochi. The PBS was conducted from November 14 to December 22, 2012. The overall objective of the survey is to provide baseline on data living standards, nutritional status, and women's empowerment in agriculture in the Zone Of Influence. A total of 3,397 households in the ZOI were interviewed for the PBS, and these households were spread across 126 rural standard enumeration areas (SEAs) in the seven districts.

Graph and download economic data for Total One Parent Families with Children under 18 Years Old with Mother (OPFWCUMO) from 1950 to 2024 about 18 years +, family, child, household survey, and USA.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The General Household Survey (GHS), ran from 1971-2011 (the UKDS holds data from 1972-2011). It was a continuous annual national survey of people living in private households, conducted by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). The main aim of the survey was to collect data on a range of core topics, covering household, family and individual information. This information was used by government departments and other organisations for planning, policy and monitoring purposes, and to present a picture of households, families and people in Great Britain. In 2008, the GHS became a module of the Integrated Household Survey (IHS). In recognition, the survey was renamed the General Lifestyle Survey (GLF). The GLF closed in January 2012. The 2011 GLF is therefore the last in the series. A limited number of questions previously run on the GLF were subsequently included in the Opinions and Lifestyle Survey (OPN).

Secure Access GHS/GLF
The UKDS holds standard access End User Licence (EUL) data for 1972-2006. A Secure Access version is available, covering the years 2000-2011 - see SN 6716 General Lifestyle Survey, 2000-2011: Secure Access.

History
The GHS was conducted annually until 2011, except for breaks in 1997-1998 when the survey was reviewed, and 1999-2000 when the survey was redeveloped. Further information may be found in the ONS document An overview of 40 years of data (General Lifestyle Survey Overview - a report on the 2011 General Lifestyle Survey) (PDF). Details of changes each year may be found in the individual study documentation.

EU-SILC
In 2005, the European Union (EU) made a legal obligation (EU-SILC) for member states to collect additional statistics on income and living conditions. In addition, the EU-SILC data cover poverty and social exclusion. These statistics are used to help plan and monitor European social policy by comparing poverty indicators and changes over time across the EU. The EU-SILC requirement was integrated into the GHS/GLF in 2005. After the closure of the GLF, EU-SILC was collected via the Family Resources Survey (FRS) until the UK left the EU in 2020.

Reformatted GHS data 1973-1982 - Surrey SPSS Files
SPSS files were created by the University of Surrey for all GHS years from 1973 to 1982 inclusive. The early files were restructured and the case changed from the household to the individual with all of the household information duplicated for each individual. The Surrey SPSS files contain all the original variables as well as some extra derived variables (a few variables were omitted from the data files for 1973-76). In 1973 only, the section on leisure was not included in the Surrey SPSS files. This has subsequently been made available, however, and is now held in a separate study, General Household Survey, 1973: Leisure Questions (SN 3982). Records for the original GHS 1973-1982 ASCII files have been removed from the UK Data Archive catalogue, but the data are still preserved and available upon request.

Main Topics:

The main GHS consisted of a household questionnaire, completed by the Household Reference Person (HRP), and an individual questionnaire, completed by all adults aged 16 and over resident in the household. A number of different trailers each year covering extra topics were included in later (post-review) surveys in the series from 2000.

• The household questionnaire covered the following topics: household information, accommodation type, housing tenure/costs, and consumer durables including vehicle ownership.
• The individual questionnaire included data from the household dataset, and additional sections on migration/citizenship/national identity/ethnicity, employment, pensions, education, health, child care, smoking, drinking, family information, financial situation, and income.
  

Brazil Average Real Wages: Usual Earnings: MoM: Employed: Total data was reported at -0.400 % in Apr 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.700 % for Mar 2019. Brazil Average Real Wages: Usual Earnings: MoM: Employed: Total data is updated monthly, averaging 0.100 % from Jun 2012 (Median) to Apr 2019, with 83 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.200 % in Oct 2014 and a record low of -3.100 % in Jul 2014. Brazil Average Real Wages: Usual Earnings: MoM: Employed: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table BR.GBD005: Continuous National Household Sample Survey: Average Real Wages: Usual Earnings: by Activities.

Full table title: Mother Tongue (192), Ethnic Origin (264), and Place of Birth (236) for the Population in Private Households of Census Metropolitan Areas in Canada, 2011 National Household Survey

Brazil Average Real Wages: Usual Earnings: MoM: Employed: Other Service data was reported at 5.500 % in Apr 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.000 % for Mar 2019. Brazil Average Real Wages: Usual Earnings: MoM: Employed: Other Service data is updated monthly, averaging -0.200 % from Jun 2012 (Median) to Apr 2019, with 83 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.100 % in May 2013 and a record low of -5.000 % in Jul 2014. Brazil Average Real Wages: Usual Earnings: MoM: Employed: Other Service data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table BR.GBD005: Continuous National Household Sample Survey: Average Real Wages: Usual Earnings: by Activities.

This table provides statistical information about people in Canada by their demographic, social and economic characteristics as well as provide information about the housing units in which they live.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

In 2012, the Informed Decisions for Action in Maternal and Newborn Health (IDEAS) project, based at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, collected data to answer the following research question: In Uttar Pradesh in India, Ethiopia, and Gombe state in Nigeria, where innovations to enhance frequency and quality of health care for mothers and newborns are in place, is there evidence to suggest that increases in frequency and quality of health care were linked to increases in the coverage of interventions that save maternal and newborn lives?"

Applying a cluster household survey design in the defined geographies, individual level data were collected in May (Ethiopia), June (Nigeria) and November (India) 2012. Women aged 13-49 years, who had had a live birth in the 12 months prior to survey, were asked a detailed set of questions about behaviours and practices during that pregnancy, birth, and during the first month of newborn life. From these data it is possible to answer questions about frequency and content of care along the continuum from pregnancy to newborn care in three high mortality settings where commitments are currently in place to improve health outcomes.

The data held at the UK Data Archive are an extract from a larger household dataset that recorded information about the knowledge of danger signs, experience of danger signs, access to health care, and costs of accessing care for individual women, and the characteristics of the households they were resident in. Further information on the project and findings for each country may be found on the IDEAS Resources webpages.

Main Topics:

Reports by individual women aged 13-49 about their uptake of health care, and the content of that health care during the pregnancy, intra-partum, and post-natal periods for their most recent live birth that occurred in the 12 months prior to survey date.

This is household survey data with variables and the values we used for this analysis. (CSV)

The Japan 2009 National Survey on Family and Economic Conditions (NSFEC) queries a targeted age cohort of Japanese adults on various facets of familial and economic life. The collection, assembled by the Keio University, features two components: (1) a new cross-sectional survey of 3,112 respondents from a nationally representative sample of Japanese men and women aged 20-49 years, and (2) a 2009 follow-up survey of 2,356 out of 4,482 original respondents from the Japan 2000 NSFEC. Respondents were asked questions regarding child rearing, household division of labor, gender roles, and educational background and employment of parents. Respondents were also probed for opinions on marriage, divorce, cohabitation, sexual activity outside of marriage, and children born out of wedlock. Demographic information includes age, sex, education, number of siblings, marital status, household income, home ownership, and number, age, and sex of children.

Abstract

The second South Sudan Household Health Survey (SHHS 2) was conducted in 2010 by the Ministry of Health and National Bureau of Statistics.

The primary objectives of the second South Sudan Household Health Survey (SHHS 2) were: - To provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in South Sudan; - To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established in the Millennium Declaration and other internationally agreed upon goals, as a basis for future action; - To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in South Sudan and to strengthen technical expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of such systems. - To generate data on the situation of children and women, including the identification of vulnerable groups and of disparities, to inform policies and interventions. - To provide up-to-date information on the health status of children and women of South Sudan in order to understand differences related to determinants of health, such as poverty, education, gender, residence type (rural/urban), and the State of residence; - To generate data that assist in monitoring progress towards achieving the MDGs and WFFC’s goals; and - To contribute to essentially desired improvements of data collection, quality, and analysis in South Sudan.

Sudan Household Health Survey is modelled on MICS, an international household survey programme developed by UNICEF. SHHS 2 was conducted as part of the fourth global round of MICS surveys (MICS4). MICS provides up-to-date information on the situation of children and women and measures key indicators that allow countries to monitor progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other internationally agreed upon commitments. Additional information on the global MICS project may be obtained from www.childinfo.org.

Geographic coverage

The ten states of South Sudan: Upper Nile, Jonglei, Unity, Warap Northern Bahr El Ghazal, Western Bahr El Ghazal, Lakes, Western Equatoria, Central Equatoria, and Eastern Equatoria.

Sampling procedure

The sample for the second South Sudan Household Health Survey (SHHS 2) was designed to provide estimates for a large number of indicators on the situation of children and women at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for the 10 states across the country: The said States are Upper Nile, Jonglei, Unity, Warap Northern Bahr El Ghazal, Western Bahr El Ghazal, Lakes, Western Equatoria, Central Equatoria, Eastern Equatoria.

The sampling frame used for the SHHS 2 is the 2008 Sudan Population and Housing Census. States were identified as the sampling domains or domains of analysis. The sample uses 20 urban and rural strata, two per State.

The sample size for the survey was determined by the degree of precision required for survey estimates for each state: 1,000 households in each state. Since a similar level of precision was required for the survey results from each state, it was decided to draw 40 clusters from each state and 25 households from each cluster. However, in each of Unity and Jonglei states only 39 clusters were selected and that yields 975 households by state. The total sample was finally 9,950 households or 398 clusters (enumeration areas).

The sample was selected in two stages: within each State, enumeration areas were randomly selected with probability proportional to size as primary sampling units. After a household listing was carried out within the selected enumeration areas, a sample of 25 households was drawn in each sampled enumeration area.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Four sets of questionnaires were used in the survey: 1) a household questionnaire which was used to collect information on all de jure household members (usual residents), the household, and the dwelling; 2) a women’s questionnaire administered in each household to all women aged 15-49 years; 3) a men’s questionnaire administered in each household to all men aged 15-49 years; and 4) an under-5 questionnaire, administered to mothers or caretakers for all children under 5 living in the household.

The questionnaires included the following modules:

The household questionnaire included the following modules: - Household information panel - Household Listing Form and Education - Water and Sanitation (country specific tables were produced for use of improved water sources, Household water treatment, Time to source of drinking water; and Drinking water and sanitation ladders) - Household Characteristics - Insecticide Treated Nets (Results are only available for household possession of at least one mosquito net and one long-lasting treated net)Salt Iodization

The questionnaire for individual women was administered to all women aged 15-49 years living in the households, and included the following modules: - Woman’s Information Panel - Women’s Background - Child Mortality - Live Birth History - Desire for Last Birth (Results not available) - Maternal and Newborn Health - Contraception - Unmet Need - Attitudes Towards Domestic Violence - Marriage/Union - Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (Results not available) - Sexual Behaviour - HIV/AIDS - Sexually Transmitted Infections (Results not available)

The questionnaire for individual men was administered to all men aged 15-49 years living in the households, and included the following modules: - Men’s information panel - Men’s Background - Attitudes Towards Domestic Violence - Marriage/Union - Sexual Behaviour - HIV/AIDS - Sexually Transmitted Infections

The questionnaire for children under five was administered to mothers or caretakers of children under 5 years of age1 living in the households. Normally, the questionnaire was administered to mothers of under-5 children; in cases when the mother was not listed in the household roster, a primary caretaker for the child was identified and interviewed. The questionnaire included the following modules: - Under five Child Information Panel - Age - Birth Registration - Breastfeeding - Early Child Development (Results not available) - Care of Illness - Malaria - Immunization - Anthropometry

The questionnaires are based on the MICS4 model questionnaire2. Based on the results of the pre-test, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires.

Cleaning operations

Data were entered using the CSPro software. The data were entered on 20 microcomputers and carried out by 40 data entry operators and 4 data entry supervisors. In order to ensure quality control, all questionnaires were double entered and internal consistency checks were performed. Procedures and standard programs developed under the global MICS4 programme and adapted to the South Sudan questionnaire were used throughout. Data processing began after the end of data collection and was completed in July 2010. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, Version 18, and the model syntax and tabulation plans developed by UNICEF were used for this purpose.

Response rate

Of the 9,950 households selected for the sample, 9,760 were found to be occupied. Of these, 9,369 were successfully interviewed for a household response rate of 96 percent. In the interviewed households, 11,568 women (age 15-49 years) were identified. Of these, 9,069 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 78 percent within interviewed households. In addition, 8,656 men (age 15-49 years) were listed in the household questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed for 4,345 of eligible men, which corresponds to a response rate of 50 percent within interviewed households. There were 10,040 children under age five listed in the household questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed for 8,338 of these children, which corresponds to a response rate of 83 percent within interviewed households. Overall response rates of 75, 48, and 80 are calculated for the women’s, men’s and under-5’s interviews respectively. See Table HH.1 of the survey report.

Across the 10 States, women’s response rates, except Northern Bahr el Ghazal, are below 85 percent. The results for these States should thus be interpreted with some caution, as their response rates are low. The response rates for the children under five years of age in 5 of the 10 States were equally low. These are Western Equatoria, Central Equatoria, Unity, Upper Nile and Lakes States. These results are low, and therefore interpretation in these States should also be handled with caution. Response rates for urban and rural areas for the three categories (women, men and children under-five) are also below 85 percent; this as well requires some caution in the interpretation of the results. Crucially, response for the men’s module was exceedingly low, as their overall response rate is 48. Accordingly, all analysis on men was dropped from the survey report.

The STAMINA study examined the nutritional risks of low-income peri-urban mothers, infants and young children (IYC), and households in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was designed to capture information through three, repeated cross-sectional surveys at approximately 6 month intervals over an 18 month period, starting in December 2020. The surveys were carried out by telephone in November-December 2020, July-August 2021 and in February-April 2022. The third survey took place over a longer period to allow for a household visit after the telephone interview.The study areas were Manchay (Lima) and Huánuco district in the Andean highlands (~ 1900m above sea level).In each study area, we purposively selected the principal health centre and one subsidiary health centre. Peri-urban communities under the jurisdiction of these health centres were then selected to participate. Systematic random sampling was employed with quotas for IYC age (6-11, 12-17 and 18-23 months) to recruit a target sample size of 250 mother-infant pairs for each survey.Data collected included: household socio-demographic characteristics; infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF), child and maternal qualitative 24-hour dietary recalls/7 day food frequency questionnaires, household food insecurity experience measured using the validated Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) survey module (Cafiero, Viviani, & Nord, 2018), and maternal mental health.In addition, questions that assessed the impact of COVID-19 on households including changes in employment status, adaptations to finance, sources of financial support, household food insecurity experience as well as access to, and uptake of, well-child clinics and vaccination health services were included.This folder includes the dataset and dictionary of variables for survey 3 (English only).The survey questionnaire for survey 3 is available at 10.17028/rd.lboro.21740921.

Abstract

The data of the End Decade Statistical Report was obtained from various sources, namely national-surveys sources (such as Susenas, SKRT and MICS), sub-national-scale surveys and available reporting systems at the ministries. The following are brief descriptions of the methodology for each data source used in the report:

Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 1995 and 2000

MICS is a rapid survey method developed by UNICEF in cooperation with other international organizations. In Indonesia, MICS was first conducted in 1995 under the name of Mother and Child Health Survey (SKIA); it aimed at providing some of the data, which was unavailable to meet the requirements of the mid-decade report (Mid-decade Goals/MDG). MICS 2000 was conducted under the name of Mother and Child Education and Health Survey (SPKIA). It aimed at providing new data/indicators, since data was unavailable from existing sources. Both the 1995 SKIA and 2000 SPKIA were conducted by BPSStatistics Indonesia, in cooperation with UNICEF and the Ministry of Health. The sample size of the 1995 SKIA was approximately 18,000 households. The sample aimed to produce national-level estimates which are disaggregated between urban and rural areas, and the provinciallevel estimates for seven provinces where UNICEF – GOI cooperation is implemented.

Geographic coverage

The sample aimed to produce national-level estimates which are disaggregated between urban and rural areas.

Analysis unit

Households, Women, Children.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample size of the 1995 SKIA was approximately 18,000 households. The sample aimed to produce national-level estimates which are disaggregated between urban and rural areas, and the provinciallevel estimates for seven provinces where UNICEF – GOI cooperation is implemented. The sample size of the 2000 SPKIA was 10,000 households, and the results were only representative at the national level. Results were disaggregated for urban and rural areas. The sample selection of the 1995 SKIA and the 2000 SPKIA differentiated between urban and rural areas. The sample selection was identical to the sampling design applied in the 1996 Susenas (for the 1995 SKIA) and the 2000 Susenas (for the 2000 SPKIA), using a threestage sampling design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Questionnaire includes sections: orphan status, birth registration, child health, malaria, education, HIV/AIDS, pregnancy information.

Logistic regression examining key mother and household characteristics to predict MWH use and delivery site.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The Opinions and Lifestyle Survey (formerly known as the ONS Opinions Survey or Omnibus) is an omnibus survey that began in 1990, collecting data on a range of subjects commissioned by both the ONS internally and external clients (limited to other government departments, charities, non-profit organisations and academia).

Data are collected from one individual aged 16 or over, selected from each sampled private household. Personal data include data on the individual, their family, address, household, income and education, plus responses and opinions on a variety of subjects within commissioned modules.

The questionnaire collects timely data for research and policy analysis evaluation on the social impacts of recent topics of national importance, such as the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the cost of living, on individuals and households in Great Britain.

From April 2018 to November 2019, the design of the OPN changed from face-to-face to a mixed-mode design (online first with telephone interviewing where necessary). Mixed-mode collection allows respondents to complete the survey more flexibly and provides a more cost-effective service for customers.

In March 2020, the OPN was adapted to become a weekly survey used to collect data on the social impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the lives of people of Great Britain. These data are held in the Secure Access study, SN 8635, ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, Covid-19 Module, 2020-2022: Secure Access.

From August 2021, as coronavirus (COVID-19) restrictions were lifting across Great Britain, the OPN moved to fortnightly data collection, sampling around 5,000 households in each survey wave to ensure the survey remains sustainable.

The OPN has since expanded to include questions on other topics of national importance, such as health and the cost of living. For more information about the survey and its methodology, see the ONS OPN Quality and Methodology Information webpage.

Secure Access Opinions and Lifestyle Survey data

Other Secure Access OPN data cover modules run at various points from 1997-2019, on Census religion (SN 8078), cervical cancer screening (SN 8080), contact after separation (SN 8089), contraception (SN 8095), disability (SNs 8680 and 8096), general lifestyle (SN 8092), illness and activity (SN 8094), and non-resident parental contact (SN 8093). See Opinions and Lifestyle Survey: Secure Access for details.

Main Topics:
Each month's questionnaire consists of two elements: core questions, covering demographic information, are asked each month together with non-core questions that vary from month to month.
The non-core questions for this month were:

Consumer Durables (Module BDurab): this module contains questions about consumer durables that are either owned by the household or available for use in the respondent's accommodation.
Expectation of House Price Changes (Module 137): this module asks respondents' views on changes to house prices in the next year and next five years.
Food Safety (Module 214): this module is concerned with food safety in relation to food preparation in the home and food poisoning. It aims to assess awareness of safe preparation of food and actual habits and also whether or not behaviour has changed in light of recent food safety information and food poisoning scares.
Use of Computers and the Internet (Module 215): this module was asked on behalf of the Department of Trade and Industry and covers access to personal computers, at home or at work; access to the internet; access to online services and use of CD-ROM.
Alcohol and Coronary Heart Disease (Module 216): this module was asked on behalf of the Health Education Authority and covers respondents awareness of the ways in which alcohol can both benefit health and be a health risk.
Contributory Benefits (Module 217): this module was asked on behalf of the Department of Social Security and covers social security benefits; respondents' beliefs about contributory benefits; attitudes to entitlement; attitudes to the way rights to contributory benefits are built up.
Lone Parents (Module 184): this module was asked on behalf of the Department of Social Security. The questions were taken from a British Attitudes Survey and compare attitudes towards mothers living in couples with children of varying ages with attitudes towards lone mothers.
Contraception (Module 170): the Special Licence version of this module is held under SN 6476.
Sexual Health (Module 218): this module was asked on behalf of the Health Education Authority and covers awareness and knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases; attitudes to discrimination.

In a survey conducted by Milieu Insight on working women in Singapore conducted on April 2024, the leading challenge faced by the majority of respondents was ************ for both work and family commitments. In comparison, ** percent of respondents claimed that they did not find the balance challenging.

Brazil Average Real Wages: Usual Earnings: MoM: Employed: Transport, Storage and Mail data was reported at -1.700 % in Apr 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.200 % for Mar 2019. Brazil Average Real Wages: Usual Earnings: MoM: Employed: Transport, Storage and Mail data is updated monthly, averaging -0.600 % from Jun 2012 (Median) to Apr 2019, with 83 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.800 % in Jan 2017 and a record low of -16.500 % in May 2018. Brazil Average Real Wages: Usual Earnings: MoM: Employed: Transport, Storage and Mail data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table BR.GBD005: Continuous National Household Sample Survey: Average Real Wages: Usual Earnings: by Activities.

• Residents refer to Singapore Citizens and Permanent Residents.
• Long-term unemployed refers to persons aged fifteen years and over who have been unemployed for at least 25 weeks.
• Annual figures are the simple averages of the non-seasonally adjusted unemployment figures obtained at quarterly intervals.
• Annual average data for 2000 are not available as data on duration of unemployment was not collected in the Population Census 2000 (June).

Source: Labour Force Survey, Manpower Research & Statistics Department, MOM, except data for June 1995, and June 2005, which are from the General Household Surveys 1995 & 2005 conducted by Department of Statistics, Ministry of Trade and Industry.

Abstract

The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) is a household survey programme developed by UNICEF to assist countries in filling data gaps for monitoring human development in general and the situation of children and women in particular. MICS is capable of producing statistically sound, internationally comparable estimates of social indicators. The current round of MICS is focused on providing a monitoring tool for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the World Fit for Children (WFFC), as well as for other major international commitments, such as the United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on HIV/AIDS and the Abuja targets for malaria.

Survey Objectives The 2006 Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey has the following objectives: - To provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in Bangladesh; - To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established by the Millennium Development Goals, the goals of A World Fit For Children (WFFC), and other internationally agreed upon goals, as a basis for future action; - To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in Bangladesh and to strengthen technical expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of such systems.

Survey Content MICS questionnaires are designed in a modular fashion that can be easily customized to the needs of a country. They consist of a household questionnaire, a questionnaire for women aged 15-49 and a questionnaire for children under the age of five (to be administered to the mother or caretaker). Other than a set of core modules, countries can select which modules they want to include in each questionnaire.

Survey Implementation The survey was implemented by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics , with the support and assistance of UNICEF and other partners. Technical assistance and training for the surveys is provided through a series of regional workshops, covering questionnaire content, sampling and survey implementation; data processing; data quality and data analysis; report writing and dissemination.

Geographic coverage

The survey is nationally representative and covers the whole of Bangladesh.

Analysis unit

Households (defined as a group of persons who usually live and eat together)

De jure household members (defined as memers of the household who usually live in the household, which may include people who did not sleep in the household the previous night, but does not include visitors who slept in the household the previous night but do not usually live in the household)

Women aged 15-49

Children aged 0-4

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49 years resident in the household, and all children aged 0-4 years (under age 5) resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The primary objective of the sample design for the Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey was to produce statistically reliable estimates of most indicators, at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for the six divisions of the country, municipal areas, city corporation's slum areas of two big cities and tribal areas. Rural areas, municipal areas, city corporation areas, slum areas and tribal areas were defined as the sampling domain.

A multi-stage, stratified cluster sampling approach was used for the selection of the survey sample.

Sample Size and Sample Allocation The target sample size for the Bangladesh MICS was calculated as 68247 households. For the calculation of the sample size, the key indicator used was the DPT immunization (3+doses) prevalence among children aged 12-23 months. The following formula was used to estimate the required sample size for these indicators: n = [ 4 (r) (1-r) (f) (1.1) ] [ (0.12r)2 (p) (nh) ]

where n is the required sample size, expressed as number of households 4 is a factor to achieve the 95 per cent level of confidence r is the predicted or anticipated prevalence (coverage rate) of the indicator 1.1 is the factor necessary to raise the sample size by 10 per cent for non-response f is the shortened symbol for deff (design effect) 0.12r is the margin of error to be tolerated at the 95 per cent level of confidence, defined as 12 per cent of r (relative sampling error of r) p is the proportion of the total population upon which the indicator, r, is based nh is the average household size.

For the calculation, r (DPT immunization 3+doses prevalence) was assumed to be 39.7 percent in the Rangamati districts. The value of deff (design effect) was taken as 1.5 based on estimates from previous surveys, p (percentage of children aged 12-23 months in the total population) was taken as 2.3 percent, and nh (average household size) was taken as 4.9 households.

For the sub national level, the margin of error should be high which was also acknowledged in the MICS manual. Therefore, for sub national estimates the margin of error need to be relaxed considerably. If a rate of 30% of r is used this would give a margin of error ± 0.06 for prevalence rates of 0.20, ± 0.12 for prevalence rates of 0.40, and so on. Considering this phenomenon, in case of Rangamati 30% of r has been used.

The resulting number of households from this exercise was about 900 households which is the sample size needed in each district - thus yielding about 68250 in total. The average cluster size in the Bangladesh MICS was determined as 35 households, based on a number of considerations, including the budget available, and the time that would be needed per team to complete one cluster. Dividing the total number of households by the number of households per cluster, it was calculated that the selection of a total number of 26 clusters would be needed in each district.

Equal allocation of the total sample size to the 75 domains was targeted. Therefore, 26 clusters were allocated to each district with the final sample size calculated at 68250 households (1950 cluster X 35 households per cluster). In each stratum, the clusters (primary sampling units) were distributed to rural, municipal, city corporations, slum and tribal areas on PPS method.

Sampling Frame and Selection of Clusters The 2001 census frame was used for the selection of clusters. Census enumeration areas were defined as primary sampling units (PSUs), and were selected from each of the sampling domains by using systematic pps (probability proportional to size) sampling procedures, based on the estimated sizes of the enumeration areas from the 2001 Population Census. The first stage of sampling was thus completed by selecting the required number of enumeration areas from each of the 5 strata namely rural, municipal, city corporations, slum and tribal areas.

Listing Activities Since the sample frame of the 2001 Population Census was not up to date, household lists in all selected enumeration areas were updated prior to the selection of households. For this purpose, listing teams were formed, who visited each enumeration area, and listed the occupied households. The BBS officials working in the upazila were responsible for the listing of all households in the respective PSUs.

Selection of Households Lists of households were prepared by the Upazila officials of BBS. The households were sequentially numbered from 1 to 100 (or more) households in each enumeration area at the where selection of 35 households in each enumeration area was carried out using systematic selection procedures.

(Information extracted from the final report: BBS and UNICEF. 2007. Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2006, Final Report. Dhaka, Bangladesh: BBS and UNICEF)

Sampling deviation

No major deviations from the original sample design were made. All sample enumeration areas were accessed and successfully interviewed with good response rates.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaires of MICS 2006 are based on the global format of MICS3 model questionnaire. From the MICS3 model English version, the questionnaires were translated into Bangla and were pre-tested in four sample areas of which two were in rural areas, one in City Corporation and one in the slum area during May 2006. Based on the results of the pre-test, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires.

The questionnaire for under-five children was administered to mothers or caretakers of under-five children living in the households. Normally, the questionnaire was administered to mothers of under-five children; in cases when the mother was not listed in the household roster, a primary caretaker for the child was identified and interviewed.

Cleaning operations

Data editing took place at a number of stages throughout the processing (see Other processing), including: a) Office editing and coding b) During data entry c) Structure checking and completeness d) Secondary editing e) Structural checking of SPSS data files

Detailed documentation of the editing of data can be found in the data processing guidelines

Response rate

Of the 68,247 of households selected for the sample, 67,540 were found to be occupied. Of these, 62,463 households were successfully interviewed for a household response rate of 92.5 percent. In the interviewed households, 78,260 of eligible women (age 15-49) were identified. Of these, 69,860 of women were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 89.3 percent. In addition, 34,710 of children under 5 were listed in HH questionnaire.

Abstract

The Sudan Household Health Survey 2nd round (SHHS2) 2010 provides up-to-date information on the situation of children and women and measures of key indicators that allow countries to monitor progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other internationally agreed upon commitments.

The raw survey data provided by the Statistical Office were then harmonized by the Economic Research Forum, to create a comparable version with the 2006 Household Health Survey in Sudan. Harmonization at this stage only included unifying variables' names, labels and some definitions. See: Sudan 2006 & 2010- Variables Mapping & Availability Matrix.pdf provided in the external resources for further information on the mapping of the original variables on the harmonized ones, in addition to more indications on the variables' availability in both survey years and relevant comments.

The sample harmonized and disseminated by the Economic research represents Northern Sudan only.

Geographic coverage

The Sudan Household Health Survey (SHHS) 2010 dataset covers the states of Northern Sudan only (Northern, River Nile, Red Sea, Kassala, Gedarif, Khartoum, Gezira, White Nile, Sinnar, Blue Nile, North Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Darfur, West Darfur and South Darfur).

Analysis unit

1- Household/family. 2- Individual/person. 3- Woman. 4- Child.

Universe

The target universe for the SHHS includes the households and members of individual households, including nomadic households camping at a location/place at the time of the survey. The population living in institutions and group quarters such as hospitals, military bases and prisons, were excluded from the sampling frame.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Five sets of questionnaires were used in the Sudan Household Health Survey. The first three questionnaires are based on the MICS3 and PAPFAM model questionnaires. Those three were subject to harmonization.

1) Household questionnaire which was used to collect information on all de jure household members and the household. It included the following modules: - Household information panel - Household listing - Education - Female Genital Mutilation - Chronic diseases & injuries (Northern States only) - Tobacco use (Northern States only) - Child disability - Water and sanitation - Household characteristics - Insecticide treated nets - Salt iodization

2) Women's questionnaire administered to all women aged 15-49 years in each household. It included the following modules: - Women's information panel - Women's background - Child mortality - Desire for last birth - Maternal and newborn health - Illness symptoms - Contraception - Unmet need - Marriage and union - HIV/AIDS
- Birth history - Female Genital Mutilation - Attitudes towards domestic violence - Sexual behavior STIs (Southern States only)

3) Under-five questionnaire administered to mothers. In case the mother was not listed in the household list/roster, a primary caretaker for the child was identified and interviewed. The Questionnaire for Children under Five included the following modules: - Under-five children information panel - Birth registration - Vitamin A supplementation - Breastfeeding - Care of illness - Immunization - Malaria - Anthropometry

4) Men's questionnaire administered to all men aged 15-49 years in each household. It included the following modules: - Men information panel - Men's background Marriage - Circumcision - Condom - Sexual behavior STIs - HIV/AIDS

5) Food Security Questionnaire which included the following modules: - Food security information panel - Income sources - Expenditures - Food consumption and dietary diversity

In addition to the administration of questionnaires, fieldwork teams tested the salt used for cooking in the households for iodine content, and measured the weights and heights of children under five years of age.

Cleaning operations

---> Harmonized Data:

• The SPSS package is used to harmonize the SHHS 2010 with SHHS 2006.
• The harmonization process starts with raw data files received from the Statistical Office.
• A program is generated for each dataset to create harmonized variables.
• Data is saved on the household, individual, women, as well as the children level, in SPSS and then converted to STATA, to be disseminated.

Response rate

Of the 15,000 households selected for the sample, 14,778 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 99 percent. Of the 18,614 women (age 15-49 years) identified in the selected households, 17,174 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 91.4 percent. Of the 13,587 children under age five listed in the households, questionnaires were completed for 13,282 children, which correspond to a response rate of 96.8 percent.