From January 2022 to July 2024, a global trend emerged as almost all advanced and emerging economies increased their central bank policy rates. This widespread tightening of monetary policy was in response to inflationary pressures and economic challenges. However, a shift occurred in the latter half of 2024, with most countries beginning to lower their rates, signaling a new phase in the global economic cycle and monetary policy approach. Since September 2023, ****** has consistently held the highest interest rate among the observed countries.

The benchmark interest rate in Uruguay was last recorded at 9 percent. This dataset provides - Uruguay Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about Italy Policy Rate

• Italy cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 2.90 % pa in Feb 2025, compared with 3.15 % pa in the previous Jan 2025.
• Italy Policy Rate averaged 1.25 % pa and is updated monthly, available from Jan 1999 to Feb 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 4.75 % pa in Apr 2001 and a record low of 0.00 % pa in Jun 2022.

Italy joined the Euro Area on January 1st, 1999, thus adopting the European Central Bank (ECB) monetary policy mechanisms.


Related information about Italy Policy Rate

• In the latest reports, Italy Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.57 % pa in Nov 2021.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Long Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Italy: ECB Harmonised ) was reported at 3.68 % pa in Jan 2025.
• Italy Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.92 (USD/EUR) in Jun 2023.
• Its Real Effective Exchange Rate was 94.46 in Jun 2023.

As of December 2024, India's policy interest stood at approximately *** percent, with forecasts indicating a cut to around *** percent by the end of 2025. In contrast, Japan was forecasted to see a policy interest rate hike from around *** percent in December 2024 to *** percent by the end of 2025.

Key information about Uruguay Policy Rate

• Uruguay cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Overnight Monetary Policy Rate) was set at 9.00 % pa in Feb 2025, compared with 8.75 % pa in the previous Jan 2025.
• Uruguay Policy Rate averaged 9.25 % pa and is updated monthly, available from Sep 2007 to Feb 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 11.50 % pa in Mar 2023 and a record low of 4.50 % pa in Jul 2021.

Related information about Uruguay Policy Rate

• In the latest reports, Uruguay Short Term Interest Rates: Month End: Central Bank Bills: Peso: 3 Month was reported at 9.58 % pa in Feb 2025.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Long Term Interest Rate: Month End: Uruguay: Sovereign Debt Bond CUD Yield: 10 Years) was reported at 2.74 % pa in Jul 2021.
• Uruguay Exchange Rate against USD averaged 38.20 (USD/UYU) in Jun 2023.
• Its Real Effective Exchange Rate was 48.14 in Jan 2025.

Key information about Germany Policy Rate

• Germany cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 2.90 % pa in Feb 2025, compared with 3.15 % pa in the previous Jan 2025.
• Germany Policy Rate averaged 1.25 % pa and is updated monthly, available from Jan 1999 to Feb 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 4.75 % pa in Apr 2001 and a record low of 0.00 % pa in Jun 2022.

Related information about Germany Policy Rate

• In the latest reports, Germany Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.57 % pa in Nov 2021.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Long Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Germany: ECB Harmonised ) was reported at 2.18 % pa in Dec 2024.
• Germany Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.92 (USD/EUR) in Jun 2023.
• Its Real Effective Exchange Rate was 93.96 in Jan 2025.

Key information about Indonesia Policy Rate

• Indonesia cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Indonesia: BI-Rate) was set at 5.75 % pa in Feb 2025, compared with 5.75 % pa in the previous Jan 2025.
• Indonesia Policy Rate averaged 5.25 % pa and is updated monthly, available from Jun 2015 to Feb 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 6.25 % pa in Aug 2024 and a record low of 3.50 % pa in Jul 2022.

The Bank of Indonesia announced 7 Days Reverse Repo Rate as new policy rate effective August 19th, 2016. For Policy Rate prior to August 2016, please refer to the 1 Month Bank Indonesia Certificates Auction Rate. From 21 December 2023, Bank Indonesia will change the name of its policy rate to BI Rate, replacing the BI 7-Day Reverse Repo. The new name doesn't change the meaning or objectives of the BI-Rates as the monetary policy stance of Bank Indonesia, with operationalisation still referring to Bank Indonesia reverse repo transaction with a tenor of seven days. [COVID-19-IMPACT]


Related information about Indonesia Policy Rate

• In the latest reports, Indonesia Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: Indonesia: 3 Months Interbank was reported at 6.74 % pa in Jun 2023.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Long Term Interest Rate: Month End: Indonesia: Government Bond Yield: 10 Years) was reported at 6.93 % pa in Feb 2025.
• Indonesia Exchange Rate against USD averaged 14,932.00 (USD/IDR) in Jun 2023.
• Its Real Effective Exchange Rate was 111.62 in Jan 2025.

The benchmark interest rate in Seychelles was last recorded at 1.75 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Seychelles Average Prime Lending Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

We present federal funds rates coming from a range of simple monetary policy rules based on multiple economic forecasts. Use our tool to create your own rule. Released quarterly.

The enduring discourse regarding the effectiveness of interest rate policy in mitigating inflation within developing economies is characterized by the interplay of structural and supply-side determinants. Moreover, extant academic literature fails to resolve the direction of causality between inflation and interest rates. Nevertheless, the prevalent adoption of interest rate-based monetary policies in numerous developing economies raises a fundamental inquiry: What motivates central banks in these nations to consistently espouse this strategy? To address this inquiry, our study leverages wavelet transformation to dissect interest rate and inflation data across a spectrum of frequency scales. This innovative methodology paves the way for a meticulous exploration of the intricate causal interplay between these pivotal macroeconomic variables for twenty-two developing economies using monthly data from 1992 to 2022. Traditional literature on causality tends to focus on short- and long-run timescales, yet our study posits that numerous uncharted time and frequency scales exist between these extremes. These intermediate scales may wield substantial influence over the causal relationship and its direction. Our research thus extends the boundaries of existing causality literature and presents fresh insights into the complexities of monetary policy in developing economies. Traditional wisdom suggests that central banks should raise interest rates to combat inflation. However, our study uncovers a contrasting reality in developing economies. It demonstrates a positive causal link between the policy rate and inflation, where an increase in the central bank’s interest rates leads to an upsurge in price levels. Paradoxically, in response to escalating prices, the central bank continues to heighten the policy rate, thereby perpetuating this cyclical pattern. Given this observed positive causal relationship in developing economies, central banks must explore structural and supply-side factors to break this cycle and regain control over inflation.

Federal Funds Rates Based on 7 Simple Rules is a part of the Simple Monetary Policy Rules indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

For many years prior to the global financial crisis, the Federal Open Market Committee set a target for the federal funds rate and achieved that target through small purchases and sales of securities in the open market. In the aftermath of the financial crisis, with a superabundant level of reserve balances in the banking system having been created as a result of the Federal Reserve's large-scale asset purchase programs, this approach to implementing monetary policy will no longer work. This paper provides a primer on the Fed's implementation of monetary policy. We use the standard textbook model to illustrate why the approach used by the Federal Reserve before the financial crisis to keep the federal funds rate near the Federal Open Market Committee's target will not work in current circumstances, and explain the approach that the Committee intends to use instead when it decides to begin raising short-term interest rates.

The benchmark interest rate In the Euro Area was last recorded at 2.15 percent. This dataset provides - Euro Area Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about Georgia Policy Rate

• Georgia cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End) was set at 8.00 % pa in Feb 2025, compared with 8.00 % pa in the previous Jan 2025.
• Georgia Policy Rate averaged 7.25 % pa and is updated monthly, available from Jan 2008 to Feb 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 12.00 % pa in Jul 2008 and a record low of 3.75 % pa in Jan 2014.

Until August 20th, 2008, 7-day CD (Certificate of Deposit) rate was used as a Monetary Policy rate. Since then the, 7-day Refinancing Instrument has been introduced for conducting monetary policy operations.


Related information about Georgia Policy Rate

• In the latest reports, Georgia Short Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Georgia: Certificates of Deposit: 3 Months was reported at 7.49 % pa in Jan 2025.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Long Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Georgia: Treasury Note Yield) was reported at 8.74 % pa in Jan 2025.
• Georgia Exchange Rate against USD averaged 2.62 (USD/GEL) in Jun 2023.
• Its Real Effective Exchange Rate was 130.52 in Jan 2025.

Please refer to: https://data.imf.org/en/news/accessing%20international%20financial%20statistics

The BoE Monetary Policy Report is a quarterly publication by the Bank of England that provides an analysis of the UK economy and outlines the central bank's monetary policy decisions, including interest rates and quantitative easing measures.

The dataset shows Bank Rate, Fix Range LAF Rates, Cash Reserve Ratio, Marginal Standing Facility, Statutory Liquidity Ratio

Note: 1. Cash reserve ratio is as prescribed under Section 42(1) of the RBI Act, 1934. Statutory Liquidity Ratio is as prescribed under Section 24 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. 2. The Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) system was operating on 'auction-based variable rate' during the period from April 27, 2001 to March 28, 2004, and moved to 'fixed rate' mode from March 29, 2004. 3. Till October 28, 2004, nomenclature of repo indicated absorption of liquidity and reverse repo meant injection of liquidity by the Reserve Bank. However, with effect from October 29, 2004 nomenclature of repo and reverse repo has been interchanged as per international usage. The current nomenclature is followed in this Table. 4. Since May 3, 2011 the repo rate is the single independently varying policy rate. The reverse repo rate is linked to the repo rate and was pegged at a 100 basis points below the repo rate. The peg was brought down to 50 basis points w.e.f. April 5, 2016. since April 6,2017 the rate is pegged at a 25 basis points below the repo rate. Since March 27, 2020 the reverse repo rate was adjusted to 40 basis point below the repo rate and w.e.f April 17, 2020, it is pegged to a 65 basis points below the repo rate. 5. Standing Deposit Facility (SDF) was introduced on April 08, 2022 at 3.75 percent. The SDF rate is placed at 25 basis points below the policy repo rate and has replaced the fixed reverse repo rate as the floor of the LAF corridor since April 8, 2022. 6. The Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) was introduced from the fortnight beginning May 7, 2011. Under the MSF, scheduled commercial banks could borrow overnight up to one percent of their respective NDTL below the prescribed SLR, at a rate determined with a spread of 100 basis points above the repo rate. The borrowing limit was raised to up to two percent below the prescribed SLR on April 17, 2012. This limit was temporarily increased to three percent on March 27, 2020 for a period up to June 30, 2020 and subsequently extended up to September 30, 2020. The increased limit was further extended till September 30, 2021 on February 05, 2021 and then to December 31, 2021 on August 06, 2021. The spread of the MSF above the repo rate was increased to 300 basis points on July 15, 2013. The spread was narrowed to 200 basis points on September 20, 2013 and further to 150 basis points on October 7, 2013 before being restored to 100 basis points on October 29, 2013. The spread was reduced further to 50 basis points on April 5, 2016. The present spread w.e.f. April 6, 2017 is 25 basis points above the repo rate.

Key information about Japan Policy Rate

• Japan cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Japan: Complementary Deposit Facility Interest Rate) was set at -0.10 % pa in Jun 2023, compared with -0.10 % pa in the previous May 2023.
• Japan Policy Rate averaged -0.10 % pa and is updated monthly, available from Nov 2008 to Jun 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 0.10 % pa in Jan 2016 and a record low of -0.10 % pa in Jun 2023.

As of April 2013, Bank of Japan has switched to the amount of monetary base as its main operating tool. Under this arrangement, the Complementary Deposit Facility Interest Rate can be used as an indication of monetary policy. It represents the interest paid on excess reserve balances (balances held at the account with the Bank of Japan in excess of required reserves under the reserve deposit requirement system).


Related information about Japan Policy Rate

• In the latest reports, Japan Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: TIBOR: Japanese Yen: 3 Months was reported at 0.07 % pa in Jun 2023.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Bonds Yield: Government Bonds: Newly Issued: 10 Years: Month End) was reported at 0.43 % pa in May 2023.
• Japan Exchange Rate against USD averaged 137.05 (USD/JPY) in May 2023.
• Its Real Effective Exchange Rate was 59.46 in May 2023.

The benchmark interest rate in the United States was last recorded at 4.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Fed Funds Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The U.S. federal funds effective rate underwent a dramatic reduction in early 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate plummeted from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.65 percent in March, and further decreased to 0.05 percent in April. This sharp reduction, accompanied by the Federal Reserve's quantitative easing program, was implemented to stabilize the economy during the global health crisis. After maintaining historically low rates for nearly two years, the Federal Reserve began a series of rate hikes in early 2022, with the rate moving from 0.33 percent in April 2022 to 5.33 percent in August 2023. The rate remained unchanged for over a year, before the Federal Reserve initiated its first rate cut in nearly three years in September 2024, bringing the rate to 5.13 percent. By December 2024, the rate was cut to 4.48 percent, signaling a shift in monetary policy in the second half of 2024. In January 2025, the Federal Reserve implemented another cut, setting the rate at 4.33 percent, which remained unchanged throughout the following months. What is the federal funds effective rate? The U.S. federal funds effective rate determines the interest rate paid by depository institutions, such as banks and credit unions, that lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight. Changing the effective rate in times of crisis is a common way to stimulate the economy, as it has a significant impact on the whole economy, such as economic growth, employment, and inflation. Central bank policy rates The adjustment of interest rates in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was a coordinated global effort. In early 2020, central banks worldwide implemented aggressive monetary easing policies to combat the economic crisis. The U.S. Federal Reserve's dramatic reduction of its federal funds rate - from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.05 percent by April - mirrored similar actions taken by central banks globally. While these low rates remained in place throughout 2021, mounting inflationary pressures led to a synchronized tightening cycle beginning in 2022, with central banks pushing rates to multi-year highs. By mid-2024, as inflation moderated across major economies, central banks began implementing their first rate cuts in several years, with the U.S. Federal Reserve, Bank of England, and European Central Bank all easing monetary policy.