Money Supply M0 in the United States decreased to 5614000 USD Million in February from 5614200 USD Million in January of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Money Supply M0 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The annual value of new banknotes printed in the United States varied significantly between 2002 and 2023, showing a clear downward trend in recent years. The peak was in 2012, when the Bureau of Engraving and Printing produced banknotes valued at 386.6 billion U.S. dollars. During the quantitative easing of 2021, 319.7 billion U.S. dollars worth of banknotes were printed, marking the third-highest figure within the period. By 2023, the value of new banknotes printed had dropped by half, reaching 162.4 billion U.S. dollars. At the same time, the value of currency in circulation reached 2.29 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023.

Graph and download economic data for Monetary Base: Currency in Circulation (MBCURRCIR) from Jan 1959 to Feb 2025 about monetary base, currency, and USA.

In 2023, China’s monetary authority, the People’s Bank of China, issued more than 11.9 trillion yuan which was the highest amount issued in one year so far. Over the past years, the value of printed money increased steadily. The issuing of currency was one function of a central bank.

Maintaining price stability

One of the main policy objectives of the People’s Bank of China was to maintain price stability. Typically, countries set the desired inflation target and the central bank implements the necessary policies to achieve the said target. Usually, China keeps its inflation target at around three percent, but in 2021, the inflation rate dropped to under one percent. If the inflation rate is too low, central banks can issue more currency and decrease the interest rate. In the opposite scenario, if the inflation rate is too high central banks try to reduce the amount of money in circulation by increasing the interest rate or decreasing bond prices.

Managing the economy

In capitalist market economies, economies usually undergo a boom and bust cycle. Central banks attempt to counteract this cyclical development to soften the impact for its citizens. For instance, the Chinese government aims to maintain an unemployment rate of around four percent. However, crises such as the 2008 financial crisis and the outbreak of COVID-19 have an unforseen impact on the economy. To lower the employment rate, the People’s Bank engaged specific monetary policies to stimulate the economy with the aim of increasing job creation.

The annual volume of new banknotes printed in the United States has fluctuated since 2002. In 2022, six billion banknotes were printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing in the United States. This was the second lowest volume of banknotes printed during the observed period. At the same time, the total volume of currency in circulation increased steadily throughout the observed period and exceeded 54 billion banknotes in 2022.

Graph and download economic data for Monetary Base: Total (BOGMBASE) from Jan 1959 to Feb 2025 about monetary base and USA.

Money Supply M0 in Canada increased to 251190 CAD Million in January from 243244 CAD Million in December of 2024. This dataset provides - Canada Money Supply M0 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

United States - Currency in Circulation was 2351.51200 Bil. of $ in February of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Currency in Circulation reached a record high of 2361.93200 in December of 2024 and a record low of 3.71400 in August of 1917. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Currency in Circulation - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on March of 2025.

The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest 0.9 trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately 6.76 trillion U.S. dollars by March 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic - both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S. - showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached eight percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by November 2024, inflation had declined to 2.7 percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at 5.33 percent in August 2023, before the first rate cut since September 2021 occurred in September 2024. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2023, the Fed reported a negative net income of 114.3 billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the 58.84 billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over 281 billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of 174.53 billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

Money Supply M2 in the United States increased to 21447.60 USD Billion in November from 21311.20 USD Billion in October of 2024. This dataset provides - United States Money Supply M2 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The statistic illustrates the annual production of British pound banknotes of all denominations in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2014 to 2021. In this period, the number of British banknotes being produced increased overall, reaching a total of over 4.5 billion notes as of 2021. This has been the highest number of British banknotes produced in one year throughout the period under observation.

The number of notes printed in a Fiscal Year by denomination

Money Supply M0 in the United Kingdom increased to 97412 GBP Million in January from 97250 GBP Million in December of 2024. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Money Supply M0 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Money Supply M1 in the United States increased to 18531.30 USD Billion in February from 18464 USD Billion in January of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Money Supply M1 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

After India declared demonetization of all 500 and 1,000 rupee notes in 2016, the currency in circulation had dropped to 13.35 trillion rupees in financial year 2017. However, the CIC increased rapidly to over 34 trillion rupees as of financial year 2024. The currency in circulation in a country is part of the total money supply chain, and it represents the physical cash that people might have in hand or stored in banks or other financial institutions.

Money Supply M2 in India decreased to 64604.97 INR Billion in January from 64732.07 INR Billion in December of 2024. This dataset provides - India Money Supply M2 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Money Supply M2 in Venezuela increased to 198811.85 VES Million in February from 188827.72 VES Million in January of 2025. This dataset provides - Venezuela Money Supply M2 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This dataset is about books and is filtered where the book is A licence to print money, featuring 7 columns including author, BNB id, book, book publisher, and ISBN. The preview is ordered by publication date (descending).

Money Supply M0 in Romania increased to 127789.40 RON Million in February from 127056.10 RON Million in January of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Romania Money Supply M0 - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.