This statistic shows the unadjusted annual inflation rate and monetary base growth rate in the United States from 1960 to 2019. Historic data is shown in 3-year increments. In 2019, prices went up by 1.6 percent compared to 2018. In the same time frame, the monetary base decreased by approximately 0.8 percent.

Money Supply M2 in the United States increased to 22298.10 USD Billion in October from 22212.50 USD Billion in September of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Money Supply M2 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Dataset

This dataset was created by Timal Peramune

Contents

Graph and download economic data for Real M2 Money Stock (M2REAL) from Jan 1959 to Sep 2025 about M2, monetary aggregates, real, and USA.

Money Supply M0 in the United States increased to 53615000 USD Million in October from 5478000 USD Million in September of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Money Supply M0 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In September 2025, prices had increased by three percent compared to September 2024, according to the 12-month percentage change in the consumer price index — the monthly inflation rate for goods and services in the United States. The data represents U.S. city averages. In economics, the inflation rate is a measure of the change in price level over time. The rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money is approximately equal. A projection of the annual U.S. inflation rate can be accessed here and the actual annual inflation rate since 1990 can be accessed here. InflationOne of the most important economic indicators is the development of the Consumer Price Index in a country. The change in this price level of goods and services is defined as the rate of inflation. The inflationary situation in the United States had been relatively severe in 2022 due to global events relating to COVID-19, supply chain restraints, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. More information on U.S. inflation may be found on our dedicated topic page. The annual inflation rate in the United States has increased from 3.2 percent in 2011 to 8.3 percent in 2022. This means that the purchasing power of the U.S. dollar has weakened in recent years. The purchasing power is the extent to which a person has available funds to make purchases. According to the data published by the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI) was about 258.84 in 2020 and is forecasted to grow up to 325.6 by 2027, compared to the base period from 1982 to 1984. The monthly percentage change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for urban consumers in the United States was 0.1 percent in March 2023 compared to the previous month. In 2022, countries all around the world are experienced high levels of inflation. Although Brazil already had an inflation rate of 8.3 percent in 2021, compared to the previous year, while the inflation rate in China stood at 0.85 percent.

In 2023, the money supply in Vietnam amounted to approximately **** percent, indicating an increase from the previous year. In that year, Vietnam recorded an inflation rate of *** percent.

Inflation is generally defined as the continued increase in the average prices of goods and services in a given region. Following the extremely high global inflation experienced in the 1980s and 1990s, global inflation has been relatively stable since the turn of the millennium, usually hovering between three and five percent per year. There was a sharp increase in 2008 due to the global financial crisis now known as the Great Recession, but inflation was fairly stable throughout the 2010s, before the current inflation crisis began in 2021. Recent years Despite the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic, the global inflation rate fell to 3.26 percent in the pandemic's first year, before rising to 4.66 percent in 2021. This increase came as the impact of supply chain delays began to take more of an effect on consumer prices, before the Russia-Ukraine war exacerbated this further. A series of compounding issues such as rising energy and food prices, fiscal instability in the wake of the pandemic, and consumer insecurity have created a new global recession, and global inflation in 2024 is estimated to have reached 5.76 percent. This is the highest annual increase in inflation since 1996. Venezuela Venezuela is the country with the highest individual inflation rate in the world, forecast at around 200 percent in 2022. While this is figure is over 100 times larger than the global average in most years, it actually marks a decrease in Venezuela's inflation rate, which had peaked at over 65,000 percent in 2018. Between 2016 and 2021, Venezuela experienced hyperinflation due to the government's excessive spending and printing of money in an attempt to curve its already-high inflation rate, and the wave of migrants that left the country resulted in one of the largest refugee crises in recent years. In addition to its economic problems, political instability and foreign sanctions pose further long-term problems for Venezuela. While hyperinflation may be coming to an end, it remains to be seen how much of an impact this will have on the economy, how living standards will change, and how many refugees may return in the coming years.

Data Source: Handbook of Statistics on Indian Economy (RBI).https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/AnnualPublications.aspx?head=Handbook%20of%20Statistics%20on%20Indian%20E...Variables: Money Supply (M3) and Consumer Price Index (CPI-IW).Country: India.Time Period: April 1992-93 to June 2025-26 (monthly frequency).

Graph and download economic data for Monetary Base: Total (BOGMBASE) from Jan 1959 to Oct 2025 about monetary base and USA.

Monthly and long-term Turkey Money Supply data: historical series and analyst forecasts curated by FocusEconomics.

This dataset contains economic indicators for Pakistan spanning from 1986 to 2006 (21 years of data). Here's what the dataset includes: Dataset Overview:

Time Period: 1986-2006 Country: Pakistan Purpose: Inflation forecasting analysis

Variables/Columns:

Year - Time period identifier Inflation - Inflation rates (ranging from about 2.9% to 12.4%) [Column C] - Unlabeled column with values like 16.65, 17.4, 18, etc. GDP Growth - Economic growth rates (ranging from 1% to 7.8%) Unemployment - Unemployment rates (mostly between 3-8%) Broad Money - Monetary supply indicator (values in hundreds) Exports - Export values Imports - Import values Oil rents - Oil-related economic indicator (mostly below 1.0) Remittances - Foreign remittance values

Key Characteristics:

Comprehensive macroeconomic dataset Covers multiple economic indicators that typically influence inflation Suitable for econometric analysis and forecasting models Includes both monetary (broad money, remittances) and real sector variables (GDP, unemployment) Trade variables (exports/imports) for external sector analysis

This appears to be a well-structured dataset for studying inflation dynamics and building forecasting models for Pakistan's economy.

In economics, the inflation rate is a measure of the change in price of a basket of goods. The most common measure being the consumer price index. It is the percentage rate of change in price level over time, and also indicates the rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money. The annual rate of inflation for 2023, was 4.1 percent higher in the United States when compared to the previous year. More information on inflation and the consumer price index can be found on our dedicated topic page. Additionally, the monthly rate of inflation in the United States can be accessed here. Inflation and purchasing power Inflation is a key economic indicator, and gives economists and consumers alike a look at changes in prices in the wider economy. For example, if an average pair of socks costs 100 dollars one year and 105 dollars the following year, the inflation rate is five percent. This means the amount of goods an individual can purchase with a unit of currency has decreased. This concept is often referred to as purchasing power. The data presents the average rate of inflation in a year, whereas the monthly measure of inflation measures the change in prices compared with prices one year ago. For example, monthly inflation in the U.S. reached a peak in June 2022 at 9.1 percent. This means that prices were 9.1 percent higher than they were in June of 2021. The purchasing power is the extent to which a person has available funds to make purchases. The Big Mac Index has been published by The Economist since 1986 and exemplifies purchasing power on a global scale, allowing us to see note the differences between different countries currencies. Switzerland for example, has the most expensive Big Mac in the world, costing consumers 6.71 U.S. dollars as of July 2022, whereas a Big Mac cost 5.15 dollars in the United States, and 4.77 dollars in the Euro area. One of the most important tools in influencing the rate of inflation is interest rates. The Federal Reserve of the United States has the capacity to make changes to the federal interest rate . Changes to the rate of inflation are thought to be an imbalance between supply and demand. After COVID-19 related lockdowns came to an end there was a sudden increase in demand for goods and services with consumers having more funds than usual thanks to reduced spending during lockdown and government funded economic support. Additionally, supply-chain related bottlenecks also due to lockdowns around the world and the Russian invasion of Ukraine meant that there was a decrease in the supply of goods and services. By increasing the interest rate, the Federal Reserve aims to reduce spending, and thus bring demand back into balance with supply.

This dataset provides a comprehensive collection of monthly U.S. macroeconomic indicators spanning January 2000 to December 2024.

It was designed specifically for machine learning-based inflation forecasting and includes key economic factors historically associated with inflation trends:

• Consumer Price Index (CPI) & Inflation Rate
• Unemployment Rate
• Federal Funds Rate
• M2 Money Supply
• Crude Oil Prices (WTI)
• Producer Price Index (PPI)

Primary Goal: Build predictive models to forecast year-over-year inflation rates

Possible Use Cases:

• Forecasting inflation using machine learning models like XGBoost, Random Forest, or LSTM.
• Studying relationships between macroeconomic factors and inflationary pressure.
• Comparing classical econometric approaches with modern AI-based forecasting techniques.

Structure: Each CSV contains a Date column and corresponding metric values, making it easy to merge and align data for analysis.

License: MIT License – free to use for research and educational purposes.

View monthly updates and historical trends for US Inflation Rate. from United States. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics. Track economic data with YCharts…

The Eurozone's money supply has experienced significant growth over the past two decades, with the M2 measure reaching approximately 15.6 trillion euros by the end of 2024. This substantial increase from 4.6 trillion euros in 2001 reflects the expanding monetary base in the euro area. However, 2023 marked a notable deviation from this trend, as it was the first year in the observed period where the money supply in the euro area decreased. Components of money supply M2 is a broader measure of money supply that includes cash, checking deposits, and convertible near money. It encompasses the more narrow M1 measure, which consists of the most liquid components, such as currency in circulation and overnight deposits. As of December 2024, the Eurozone's M1 money supply stood at 10.57 trillion euros, while M2 reached 15.6 trillion euros. These figures are used by central banks to forecast inflation and interest rates, playing a crucial role in shaping monetary policy. Comparison with other regions While the Eurozone has seen steady growth in its money supply, other major economies have experienced their own unique trajectories. In the United States, for instance, the M2 money supply reached 20.86 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023, showing a slight decrease from the previous year. Both the Eurozone and the U.S. saw exceptional increases in their money supply during 2020, largely due to quantitative easing measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This global economic event had a profound impact on monetary policies across different regions, influencing the money supply dynamics worldwide.

Money Supply M2 In the Euro Area increased to 15901675 EUR Million in October from 15789300 EUR Million in September of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Money Supply M2 - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Monthly and long-term Norway Money Supply data: historical series and analyst forecasts curated by FocusEconomics.

📂 Dataset Overview - Rows (Entries): 110 - Columns (Features): 6

Columns Description 1. Date - Format: MMM-YYYY (e.g., Jul-2025) - Monthly observations 1. Inflation_YoY (Year-on-Year Inflation %) - Inflation rate in percentage (YoY basis) - Range: 0.3% – 38% - Average: 11.6% - Can be treated as the dependent variable

1. Oil_Price_USD_Barrel
2. Global crude oil price (USD per barrel)
3. Range: 15.18 – 113.77

4. Average: 62.75

5. Exchange_Rate_PKR_USD

• Pakistani Rupee per US Dollar exchange rate
• Range: 104.6 – 304.8
• Average: 185.0

1. Interest_Rate

• State Bank of Pakistan policy rate (%)
• Range: 6.8% – 21.46%
• Average: 11.8%

1. Money_Supply_M2_Billion
2. Broad Money Supply (M2) in billion PKR
3. Range: 12,486 – 41,786
4. Average: 23,124

📊 Statistical Insights

Inflation Trends: High volatility observed between 2019–2023 (peaking at 38%), while in 2025 inflation dropped to ~3–4%.

Oil Price Relation: Fluctuations in crude oil prices appear linked with inflation movements.

Exchange Rate Impact: The depreciation of PKR from ~104 to 300+ significantly impacted inflation and interest rates.

Interest Rate Policy: Mostly ranged between 7–15%, but spiked to ~21% during currency crisis.

Money Supply Growth: Broad money consistently increased, adding long-term inflationary pressure.

📈**Possible Analyses for Kaggle**

1. Trend Analysis

2. Monthly inflation, oil price, exchange rate visualization.

3. Correlation Study

4. Inflation vs Oil Prices

5. Inflation vs Exchange Rate

6. Inflation vs Interest Rate

7. Forecasting Models

8. Time-Series forecasting (ARIMA, Prophet)

9. Regression models using oil prices, exchange rate, and money supply as predictors

10. Economic Insights

• Impact of global oil shocks on Pakistan’s inflation
• Role of monetary policy in inflation control
• Currency depreciation vs domestic inflation

This paper investigates the long-run and short-run relationship between money supply and inflation in Pakistan, utilizing annual data spanning from 1981 to 2021. The key objective is to assess the impact of monetary policy, specifically money supply, on inflation dynamics in the country. To achieve this, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach is employed, which is suitable for analyzing cointegration among variables with mixed integration orders. The results reveal both short and long-run cointegration between inflation, money supply, unemployment, and interest rates. Notably, unemployment demonstrates a negative correlation with inflation, while money supply and interest rates exhibit a positive relationship. These findings underscore the importance of dedicated policy measures to manage inflation effectively. The paper concludes by recommending the establishment of a policy implementation body and collaboration between the government and the central bank to ensure financial stability and control inflation through well-calibrated monetary and fiscal policies.