At the end of 2024, the M2 broad money supply in China amounted to over *** trillion yuan. Broad money supply had been growing consistently over the years. However, the overall growth rate of all money supply had been decreasing. Money is not money? In economic theory, the money supply describes the volume of currency that exists in a country. Even though it might sound counterintuitive, there are different types of money. For example, cash, saving deposits, or other liquid assets are then divided into tiers from M1 to M3. Thereby, M2 money or broad money comprised of cash and assets that can easily be converted into cash. The main application of M2 money is making payments and economic transactions. For mainstream economists, the volume of M1 and M2 money can indicate inflation. The mysterious case of money expansion in China The post-pandemic economic recovery has not materialized as the growth in the M2 money supply would have indicated in China. As a consequence of global anti-COVID-19 measures, China’s economic growth fell far below the country’s development targets. After another underperforming year in 2022, the M2 money supply grew by almost ** percent in the first quarter of 2023, but the GDP increased only by *** percent, which indicated that the money does not reach the real economy. Therefore, the Chinese economy could be in a liquidity trap or a balance sheet recession.

Graph and download economic data for Real M2 Money Stock (M2REAL) from Jan 1959 to Sep 2025 about M2, monetary aggregates, real, and USA.

View monthly updates and historical trends for US M2 Money Supply. from United States. Source: Federal Reserve. Track economic data with YCharts analytics.

Key information about Saudi Arabia Foreign Exchange Reserves

• Saudi Arabia Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 417.1 USD bn in Oct 2025, compared with 425.0 USD bn in the previous month
• Saudi Arabia Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Jan 2001 to Oct 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 731.2 USD bn in Aug 2014 and a record low of 37.4 USD bn in Sep 2002

CEIC calculates monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves as the sum of Foreign Currency Reserves and Deposits Abroad, and Investment in Foreign Securities and converts it into USD. Saudi Central Bank provides Foreign Exchange Reserves in local currency. Saudi Central Bank period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions.


Further information about Saudi Arabia Foreign Exchange Reserves

• In the latest reports, Saudi Arabia Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 21.3 Months of Import in Dec 2024.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 751.1 USD bn YoY in Oct 2025.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 1.2 % in Jun 2025, compared with the ratio of 1.2 % in the previous quarter.
• Household Debt of Saudi Arabia reached 10.7 % in Jun 2025, accounting for 10.7 % of the country's Nominal GDP.

Key information about Algeria Foreign Exchange Reserves

• Algeria Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 54.0 USD bn in Jul 2025, compared with 56.3 USD bn in the previous month
• Algeria Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1968 to Jul 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 193.6 USD bn in Apr 2014 and a record low of 69.2 USD mn in Jan 1971

The International Monetary Fund provides monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves in USD.


Further information about Algeria Foreign Exchange Reserves

• In the latest reports, Algeria Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 15.7 Months of Import in Dec 2020.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 195.6 USD bn YoY in Dec 2024.
• Algeria Domestic Credit reached 201.1 USD bn in Jul 2025, representing an increased of 10.7 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 20.7 % in Dec 2024, compared with the ratio of 20.9 % in the previous year.