Employment Rate in Mongolia decreased to 58.70 percent in the first quarter of 2025 from 58.90 percent in the fourth quarter of 2024. This dataset provides - Mongolia Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment: Inner Mongolia data was reported at 12.110 Person mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 11.900 Person mn for 2022. Employment: Inner Mongolia data is updated yearly, averaging 10.420 Person mn from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2023, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.420 Person mn in 2020 and a record low of 9.990 Person mn in 1993. Employment: Inner Mongolia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table CN.GB: Employment: Region.

The statistic shows the distribution of employment in Mongolia by economic sector from 2013 to 2023. In 2023, 26.12 percent of the employees in Mongolia were active in the agricultural sector, 23.38 percent in industry and 50.5 percent in the service sector.

Graph and download economic data for Employment to Population Ratio for Mongolia (SLEMPTOTLSPZSMNG) from 1991 to 2024 about Mongolia, employment-population ratio, employment, and population.

Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) in Mongolia was reported at 26.12 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Mongolia - Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Mongolia MN: Employers: Modeled ILO Estimate: % of Total Employment data was reported at 1.509 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.508 % for 2016. Mongolia MN: Employers: Modeled ILO Estimate: % of Total Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 1.368 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2017, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.722 % in 2008 and a record low of 0.355 % in 2004. Mongolia MN: Employers: Modeled ILO Estimate: % of Total Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mongolia – Table MN.World Bank: Employment and Unemployment. Employers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners, hold the type of jobs defined as a 'self-employment jobs' i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced), and, in this capacity, have engaged, on a continuous basis, one or more persons to work for them as employee(s).; ; International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database. Data retrieved in November 2017.; Weighted Average; Data up to 2016 are estimates while data from 2017 are projections.

Mongolia MN: Informal Employment: % of Total Non-Agricultural Employment data was reported at 30.080 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 30.950 % for 2015. Mongolia MN: Informal Employment: % of Total Non-Agricultural Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 30.950 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2016, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 38.290 % in 2013 and a record low of 25.280 % in 2009. Mongolia MN: Informal Employment: % of Total Non-Agricultural Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mongolia – Table MN.World Bank.WDI: Employment and Unemployment. Employment in the informal economy as a percentage of total non-agricultural employment. It basically includes all jobs in unregistered and/or small-scale private unincorporated enterprises that produce goods or services meant for sale or barter. Self-employed street vendors, taxi drivers and home-base workers, regardless of size, are all considered enterprises. However, agricultural and related activities, households producing goods exclusively for their own use (e.g. subsistence farming, domestic housework, care work, and employment of paid domestic workers), and volunteer services rendered to the community are excluded.; ; International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database. Data retrieved in September 2018.; ; Harmonized series

Employment in services (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) in Mongolia was reported at 50.5 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Mongolia - Employment in services (% of total employment) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Employment in industry (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) in Mongolia was reported at 23.38 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Mongolia - Employment in industry (% of total employment) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate) in Mongolia was reported at 57.34 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Mongolia - Employment to population ratio, 15+, total - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate) in Mongolia was reported at 28.98 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Mongolia - Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

Mongolia MN: Wage And Salaried Workers: Modeled ILO Estimate: % of Total Employment data was reported at 51.564 % in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 51.564 % for 2016. Mongolia MN: Wage And Salaried Workers: Modeled ILO Estimate: % of Total Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 42.475 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2017, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 51.564 % in 2017 and a record low of 29.736 % in 2004. Mongolia MN: Wage And Salaried Workers: Modeled ILO Estimate: % of Total Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mongolia – Table MN.World Bank.WDI: Employment and Unemployment. Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as 'paid employment jobs,' where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.; ; International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database. Data retrieved in September 2018.; Weighted average; Data up to 2016 are estimates while data from 2017 are projections.

This dataset is about countries per year in Mongolia. It has 64 rows. It features 4 columns: country, unemployment, and vulnerable employment.

The unemployment rate in Mongolia saw no significant changes in 2024 in comparison to the previous year 2023 and remained at around 5.42 percent. Still, 2024 marked the third consecutive decline of the unemployment rate. The unemployment rate of a country or region refers to the share of the total workforce that is currently without work, but actively searching for employment. It does not include economically inactive persons, such as children, retirees, or the long-term unemployed.Find more statistics on other topics about Mongolia with key insights such as Gender Parity Index (GPI) for gross enrollment in tertiary education.

Mongolia MN: Informal Employment: Female: % of Total Non-Agricultural Employment data was reported at 26.940 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 26.330 % for 2015. Mongolia MN: Informal Employment: Female: % of Total Non-Agricultural Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 26.820 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2016, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 34.710 % in 2013 and a record low of 20.540 % in 2009. Mongolia MN: Informal Employment: Female: % of Total Non-Agricultural Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mongolia – Table MN.World Bank: Employment and Unemployment. Employment in the informal economy as a percentage of total non-agricultural employment. It basically includes all jobs in unregistered and/or small-scale private unincorporated enterprises that produce goods or services meant for sale or barter. Self-employed street vendors, taxi drivers and home-base workers, regardless of size, are all considered enterprises. However, agricultural and related activities, households producing goods exclusively for their own use (e.g. subsistence farming, domestic housework, care work, and employment of paid domestic workers), and volunteer services rendered to the community are excluded.; ; International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database. Data retrieved in November 2017.; ; Harmonized series

Abstract

A 2002-2003 Labour Force Survey with Child Activities Module is a first national survey that ever conducted in Mongolia which captures all four quarters in order to elicit information on the seasonality in labour supply and demand. Particularly, the survey aimed at collection of comprehensive data on employment, underemployment, unemployment and child labour to enable the estimate of the related indicators by regions, sectors and social and economic categories. The overall objective of the survey was to build the national capacity for conducting employment and other household based socio-economic surveys and provide the data to benefit the policy making and planning for the national development and social welfare.

Geographic coverage

The survey is nationally and regionally (5 regions - West, Central, East, South, Ulaanbaatar) representative and covers the whole of Mongolia.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members aged 5 and over resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling frame derived from the Census of Population 2000 was used in the survey design. The institutional facilities such as hostels, army barracks, boarding houses, etc. were excluded from the frame and a truncated frame comprising ordinary households was prepared. Considering the socio-economic stratification of the main items canvassed through the survey it was considered that Mongolia should be classified into urban, rural and regional stratifications. Accordingly, Mongolia was divided into urban and rural areas and Ulaanbaatar, Central, East, West and Khangai regions. A two stage stratified random sampling design was adopted with baghs (census enumeration areas) as primary sampling units (PSUs) and households as secondary sampling units (SSUs). The frame which had baghs grouped by district and province in effect provided an implicit stratification for the PSUs for the probability proportional to size systematic random sampling procedure adopted in the selection of the PSUs. In order to capture seasonal variations in labour supply and demand a two stage stratified random sampling design was adopted to enable the preparation of estimates for 9 strata comprising the capital city of Ulaanbaatar, and the urban and rural sectors of the 4 geographic regions into which the country is divided.

The survey sampled 3,200 households or more than 12000 persons in each quarter that was sufficiently large for the preparation of statistically reliable estimates on key variables based on the data from the 4 quarterly rounds. The questionnaire was designed to capture labour supply and demand under both currently active and usually active concepts based on a short reference period of 1 week before the survey and a long reference period of one year considering the large proportion of the working population that was engaged in agriculture and livestock production activities.

Refer Appendix 3 of the Main Report for details of sampling design.

Sampling deviation

10 households were to be selected from every sample enumeration area in all strata in each Quarter, but due to non-response/ absence of sampled households the enumerated number was less than 10 households in a few enumeration areas.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was designed to produce data and information to achieve the objectives, scope and coverage described earlier. In designing a questionnaire, the currently active and usually active concepts were used and child labour and child activities module was integrated as the last section of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed by trained interviewers who visited all sampled households to take face to face interviews and collect comprehensive information on the economically active and economically inactive population. A reference period of 7 days preceding the survey was used in the currently active population section of the questionnaire to derive the activity status of the population of working age that was extended to cover children. Considerable attention was paid towards examination and identification of economic activities for an accurate assessment of the economically active population through an inclusion of activities undertaken in a predominantly agricultural subsistence economy.

Since the animal husbandry plays a dominant role in the economy of Mongolia, a long reference period or the usual status approach of measuring employment with a reference period of 12 months was used in identifying economically active status and recording the employment, unemployment and economically inactive status in the reference period of 12 months preceding the survey.

ILO/ IPEC had been interested in incorporating a child activities module in the labour force survey and offered to co-finance the cost of the survey. The child activity section was designed to measure the participation of children in economic and non-economic activities within and outside the household and illness and injuries related to work. Accordingly, in this section questions to canvass information on the participation of children aged 5-17 years in household chores, age at first employment outside the household, illnesses and injuries related to work was drafted and included in the questionnaire. Further the age cut off on questions on education and training and economic activity was also lowered to 5 years to enable the collection of comprehensive information on child activities.

Several drafts of the questionnaires were prepared and internally discussed and revised versions were prepared. The NSO finalized the questionnaire through extensive consultations with Steering Committee, various Ministries of the Government of Mongolia, representatives of trade unions and employers, and international agencies based in Ulaanbaatar. The following topics and items of information were canvassed through the survey.

A. Demographic Characteristics a. Relationship to household head b. Sex c. Date of birth and age d. School attendance, ever attended, current attendance e. Highest grade/level completed f. Literacy g. Marital status

B. Labour Force Characteristics based on short and long reference periods Current activities performed and time spent on them a. Participation in identified economic activities during the reference week. b. Total time in hours spent on identified economic activities during the reference week c. Participation in identified non-economic activities during the reference week. d. Total time spent on activities described in c above. e. Activity status during the last 7 days. f. Primary and secondary occupations under current status. g. Duration of employment in primary and secondary occupations h. Average number of hours spent on primary and secondary occupations under current status i. Industrial and occupational attachments in primary and secondary occupations j. Employment status in primary and secondary occupations k. Sector of employment of the enterprise l. Average number of hours worked in the primary and secondary occupations m. Number of paid employees in the enterprise in the primary and secondary occupations n. Earnings from primary and secondary occupations in cash and in kind o. Availability for more work p. Reasons for not working more hours q. Duration of underemployment r. Steps taken to find more work

C. Unemployment s. Availability for work t. Reasons for economically inactive status u. How long had respondent sought work v. Expected kind of work/occupation w. Expected daily wage rate/monthly remuneration x. Whether registered at Employment Registration Office y. Period of registration z. Steps taken to find work aa. Duration of unemployment

D. Usually Active Status bb. Activity status during the last 12 months cc. Primary and secondary occupations during the past 12 months dd. Industrial and occupational attachments in primary and secondary occupations during the past 12 months ee. Duration of unemployment ff. Steps taken to find work gg. Employment status in primary and secondary occupations hh. Average monthly wages and earnings during the past 12 months from primary and secondary occupations E. Past Employment Record a. Occupation, industry and sector in which the respondent last worked b. Duration of employment in last occupation c. Employment status in last occupation d. Last date worked e. Sector to which the industry where the respondent worked belonged f. Main reason for leaving the last job/occupation g. Main source of income support during the period of unemployment

F. Child Activities a. Main types of chores performed in the household. b. Current school attendance. c. Reasons for not attending school full time. d. Participation in any household economic activity. e. Age at which the child first began to work. f. Reasons for participation in economic activity. g. Whether the child had engaged in any work other than in household economic activity and reasons for engaging in such work. h. Whether the child engage in work under supervision by others. i. Whether the child is satisfied with the working conditions. j. Whether the child's occupation is stressful physically or mentally. k. Frequency with which the child had to work during evenings and night. l. Whether the child had fallen sick or was injured because of work. m. What sickness or injury from work has the child suffered. n. Main items on which the child's earnings were spent. o. The number of hours of free time per day available for recreation.

Cleaning

Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) (national estimate) in Mongolia was reported at 25.61 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Mongolia - Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (national estimate) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

Mongolia MN: Part Time Employment: % of Total Employment data was reported at 13.590 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 13.200 % for 2015. Mongolia MN: Part Time Employment: % of Total Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 13.260 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2016, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.560 % in 2012 and a record low of 11.140 % in 2013. Mongolia MN: Part Time Employment: % of Total Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mongolia – Table MN.World Bank: Employment and Unemployment. Part time employment refers to regular employment in which working time is substantially less than normal. Definitions of part time employment differ by country.; ; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; Weighted average; Relevance to gender indicator: More and more women are working part-time and one of the concern is that part time work does not provide the stability that full time work does.

Employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate) in Mongolia was reported at 50.64 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Mongolia - Employment to population ratio, 15+, female - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Abstract

The main objective of the survey is to update and expand the labor force statistical baseline, fully capture and analyze the employment pattern. The survey results will provide an importance reference for policy and decision makers, business entrepreneurs, analysts and government officers to develop as well as monitor and assess the implementation of government policies and programs on employment promotion and poverty and unemployment reduction and support the effective labor market.

The survey aims at collecting the comprehensive set of data from households to estimate employment and unemployment characteristics which capture the seasonal variability, location, social and economic activities in accordance with the definition and methodology of the International Labour Organization.

The survey was designed to interview a representative national sample of about 12,816 households from Ulaanbaatar and urban and rural areas of 4 regions. At this level of disaggregation the sample would be sufficient to produce estimates of high levels of precision in respect of selected employment characteristics.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• household members

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]