The results show that 18% of EU citizens display a high level of financial literacy, 64% a medium level, and the remaining 18% a low level. There are, however, wide differences across Member States. In only four Member States, more than one quarter of citizens score highly in financial literacy (the Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark and Slovenia). The results also point to the need for financial education to target in particular women, younger people, people with lower income and with lower level of general education who tend to be on average less financially literate than other groups.

Processed data

Processed data files for the Eurobarometer surveys are published in .xlsx format.

• Volume A "Countries/EU" The file contains frequencies and means or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of (weighted) replies for each country or territory and for (weighted) EU results.
• Volume AP "Trends" The file compares to previous poll in (weighted) frequencies and means (or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of replies); shifts for each country or territory foreseen in Volume A and for (weighted) results.
• Volume AA "Groups of countries" The file contains (labelled) frequencies and means or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of (weighted) replies for groups of countries specified by the managing unit on the part of the EC.
• Volume AAP "Trends of groups of countries" The file contains shifts compared to the previous poll in (weighted) frequencies and means (or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of replies); shifts for each groups of countries foreseen in Volume AA and for (weighted) results.
• Volume B "EU/socio-demographics" The file contains (labelled) frequencies and means or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of replies for the EU as a whole (weighted) and cross-tabulated by some 20 sociodemographic, socio-political or other variables, depending on the request from the managing unit on the part of the EC or the managing department of the other contracting authorities.
• Volume BP "Trends of EU/socio-demographics" The file contains shifts compared to the previous poll in (weighted) frequencies and means (or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of replies); shifts for each country or territory foreseen in Volume B above)and for (weighted) results.
• Volume C "Country/socio-demographics" The file contains (labelled) weighted frequencies and means or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of replies for each country or territory surveyed separately and cross-tabulated by some 20 socio-demographic, socio-political or other variables (including a regional breakdown).

For SPSS files and questionnaires, please contact GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences: https://www.gesis.org/eurobarometer

Financial literacy of EU citizens.................

Financial literacy of EU citizens. Topics: self-rated knowledge about financial matters compared to other adults in the own country; knowledge test: development of savings with a special interest rate over one year, development of the purchasing power of a special amount of money given a special inflation over one year, development of bond prices in case of rising interest rates, riskiness of investments with higher returns, riskiness of investments with a wide range of company shares; financial knowledge score; attitude towards the following statements: respondent carefully considers whether something is affordable before buying it, respondent keeps track and monitors own expenses, respondent sets long-term financial goals and strives to achieve them; financial behaviour score; overall financial literacy score; number of months being able to continue to cover own living expenses without borrowing any money or moving house in case of loss of main source of income; kind of financial products currently having or having had in the last two years: private pension or retirement product, life insurance, non-life insurance, mortgage or home loan, other consumer loan, investment product, crypto-securities, none of these; confidence with regard to having enough money to live comfortably throughout retirement years; comfort with using digital financial services; confidence in investment advice from bank / insurer / financial advisor. Demography: age; sex; nationality; responsible person for making day-to-day decisions about money in the household; highest completed level of full time education; ISCED level; household’s total income: awareness of weekly, monthly, yearly income; household´s total income per: week, month, year; age at end of education; occupation; professional position; type of community; household composition and household size. Additionally coded was: respondent ID; country; device used for interview; region; nation group; weighting factor. Finanzielle Bildung der EU-Bevölkerung. Themen: Selbsteinschätzung des Wissens über finanzielle Angelegenheiten im Vergleich zu anderen Erwachsenen im eigenen Land; Wissenstest: Wertentwicklung von Ersparnissen bei einem bestimmten Zinssatz über ein Jahr, Entwicklung der Kaufkraft eines bestimmten Betrags bei einer bestimmten Inflationsrate über ein Jahr, Entwicklung von Anleihepreisen bei steigenden Zinsen, Risiko von Investitionen mit höherer Rendite, Risiko von Investitionen mit einer breiten Palette von Unternehmensanteilen; Score Finanzielle Bildung; Einstellung zu den folgenden Aussagen: sorgfältiges Abwägen der Bezahlbarkeit vor der Anschaffung von Dingen, Überwachung der eigenen Ausgaben, Setzen langfristiger Finanzziele; Score Finanzverhalten; Gesamtscore Finanzielle Bildung; Anzahl der Monate, in denen man bei Verlust der Haupteinnahmequelle weiterhin den eigenen Lebensunterhalt bestreiten kann, ohne sich Geld leihen oder umziehen zu müssen; aktuell oder in den letzten zwei Jahren gehaltene Finanzprodukte: private Altersvorsorge oder Altersvorsorgeprodukt, Lebensversicherung, Nichtlebensversicherung, Hypothek oder Wohnungsbaudarlehen, anderes Verbraucherdarlehen, Investmentprodukt, Krypto-Wertpapiere, nichts davon; Zuversicht im Hinblick auf ausreichende finanzielle Mittel in der Rentenzeit; Unbehagen bei der Nutzung digitaler finanzieller Dienstleistungen; Vertrauen in Ratschlägen zu Geldanlagen von Bank / Versicherer / Finanzberater. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Staatsangehörigkeit; verantwortliche Person für alltägliche Entscheidungen über Geld im Haushalt; höchster Bildungsabschluss; ISCED-Level; Haushaltsgesamteinkommen: Kenntnis des wöchentlichen, monatlichen, jährlichen Einkommens; Haushaltsgesamteinkommen pro: Woche, Monat, Jahr; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; Beruf; berufliche Stellung; Urbanisierungsgrad; Haushaltszusammensetzung und Haushaltsgröße. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Land; für das Interview genutztes Gerät; Region; Nationengruppe; Gewichtungsfaktor.

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology. Eurobarometer 83.3 covered the following special topics: (1) Attitudes towards the EU, (2) Europe 2020, (3) European economy, (4) European citizenship, (5) EU budget, and (6) Economic knowledge and attitude towards statistics. Respondents' opinions were collected regarding life satisfaction, the standard of living, self-esteem, and employment. Respondents were also questioned about the economic crisis, economic expectations, and public debt. Additional questions were asked regarding national governmental statistics, EU policies, national and European identity, participation in the EU, EU membership, and democracy. Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone and other goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

The global credit monitoring service market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing instances of identity theft and fraud, coupled with rising consumer awareness of the need for proactive credit protection. The market, estimated at $15 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated market value of approximately $45 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key trends, including the increasing adoption of digital platforms and mobile applications for credit monitoring, the integration of advanced technologies like AI and machine learning for fraud detection, and the growing demand for comprehensive identity protection services bundled with credit monitoring. The market segmentation reveals a significant share held by credit card monitoring services within the personal application segment, reflecting consumer concern over potential financial risks associated with credit card usage. Major market players such as Experian, Equifax, TransUnion, and Norton LifeLock are driving innovation and competition, constantly expanding their product portfolios and enhancing their service offerings to cater to the evolving needs of consumers and businesses. However, factors like data privacy concerns, the complexity of the regulatory landscape, and the potential for market saturation in certain regions act as restraints on market growth. Despite these challenges, the continued rise in cybercrime and financial fraud will likely sustain high demand for credit monitoring services, solidifying the market's trajectory of robust expansion over the forecast period. Regional analysis indicates that North America currently holds the largest market share, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific, reflecting the relatively higher levels of digital adoption and financial literacy in these regions.

The global personal financial management (PFM) software market, valued at $2963.9 million in 2025, is poised for substantial growth. Driven by increasing smartphone penetration, rising financial literacy, and a growing need for efficient budgeting and investment tools, the market is attracting significant investment and innovation. The diverse range of applications within PFM software, encompassing budgeting, investment management, debt reduction, credit monitoring, and tax preparation, caters to a broad spectrum of users, from individuals managing personal finances to small businesses tracking expenses. The browser-based software segment currently holds a significant market share, but mobile app adoption is rapidly increasing due to its convenience and accessibility. North America and Europe dominate the market currently, fueled by higher levels of digital adoption and financial sophistication. However, rapid growth is anticipated in Asia-Pacific regions like India and China as financial inclusion expands and the middle class expands. Competition within the market is fierce, with established players like Quicken and TurboTax coexisting with innovative fintech startups offering specialized features and user-friendly interfaces. Future growth will likely be driven by the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to offer personalized financial advice, advanced analytics, and automated financial management capabilities. Furthermore, increased regulatory scrutiny and cybersecurity concerns will necessitate robust data protection measures for PFM software providers to maintain user trust and market share. The market's growth trajectory is projected to be influenced by several factors. Economic fluctuations can impact consumer spending on PFM software. Technological advancements, such as the development of more intuitive user interfaces and seamless integration with other financial applications, will drive adoption. Furthermore, the evolving regulatory landscape, including data privacy regulations (like GDPR and CCPA), will impact how PFM companies operate and innovate. The competitive landscape is dynamic, with ongoing mergers and acquisitions, along with the constant emergence of new players, reshaping the market share. Strategic partnerships between PFM software providers and financial institutions will be key to expanding reach and enhancing service offerings. By focusing on user experience, data security, and personalized financial guidance, PFM software companies can successfully navigate these dynamics and tap into the market's considerable growth potential.

Tutkimuksessa kartoitetaan suomalaisten tietämystä ja näkemyksiä taloudesta. Tutkimuksen lähtökohtana on OECD:n kehittämä kysely (OECD financial literacy questionnaire and methodological guidance developed by the International Network on Financial Education (INFE)). Tutkimuksen aineistonkeruun on suorittanut TNS Gallup ja tutkimuksen rahoittajina on toiminut Suomen Akatemia (269130), OP-Pohjola ryhmän tutkimussäätiö, Liikesivistysrahasto, Vaasan Aktiasäätiö ja Pörssisäätiö. Tutkimuksessa vastaajien taloudellista tietämystä kartoitettiin eri teemojen kautta. Teemoja kyselyssä olivat päivittäinen taloudenhallinta, talouden suunnittelu, finanssituotteet, yleiset raha-asioihin liittyvät asenteet, säästämiskäyttäytyminen, vakuutukset, varautuminen eläköitymiseen, yrittäjäkysymykset, finanssitietämys, ylivelkaantuminen, asioiden riitautus sekä kyvyt, tyytyväisyys ja luottamus. Näitä aiheita selvitettiin muun muassa esittämällä erilaisia väittämiä, kartoittamalla vastaajien mielipiteitä ja omaa taloudenhallintaa. Vastaajia pyydettiin arvioimaan tekemiään päätöksiä ja näihin vaikuttaneita asioita. Taustamuuttujina aineistossa ovat sukupuoli, kieli, ikä, siviilisääty, ruokakunnan koko, lasten määrä, työtilanne, vastaajan oma ja kotitalouden tuloluokka, koulutus, asumismuoto, asukkaat, kaupungin tyyppi, kuntaryhmä, maakunta ja suuralueet. This survey studied the financial awareness and knowledge of people living in Finland, and their views on financial issues. The survey is based on the OECD financial literacy questionnaire and methodological guidance developed by the International Network on Financial Education (INFE). Data collection was conducted by TNS Gallup Finland. The survey was financed by Academy of Finland (269130), OP Group Research Foundation (OP-Pohjola ryhmän tutkimussäätiö), Foundation for Economic Education (Liikesivistysrahasto), Vaasan Aktiasäätiö, and Finnish Foundation for Share Promotion (Pörssisäätiö). Main themes included management of personal finances, consumption and saving behaviour, insurances, preparedness for retirement, financial knowledge in general, over-indebtness, own financial abilities and trust in financial institutions. The respondents were also asked to evaluate their financial decisions and the influences behind their decisions. The respondents' management of daily finances was charted with questions on whether the respondents planned their personal or household's consumption beforehand (e.g. by making a budget) and what methods they used for planning and monitoring their finances (e.g. online banking). Some questions focused on the financial products (e.g. credit cards, bank accounts, debts, insurances, investments) that the respondents used and where they got information on these products. General attitudes towards personal finance management were studied through statements relating to, for example, paying bills on time, taking risks in life, monitoring of finances and worrying about the future. Ways of dealing with insufficient income to cover costs were also charted (e.g. whether the respondents borrowed food or money from family or friends). Saving behaviour was investigated by asking the respondents, for example, whether they saved money on their disposal account or invested in shares, and for how long they could live on their savings if their main source of income was lost. Attitudes towards and awareness about insurances were studied through statements concerning, for example, the necessity of insurance for families and the understandability of contents and conditions of different insurances. Next, the survey charted whether the respondents were self-employed and how they prepared for retirement (for example, how the respondents used pension insurance for the self-employed (YEL), whether they knew which pension insurances they were entitled to, and whether they thought that they were saving enough money for retirement). The respondents' financial knowledge was assessed by asking questions about the economy and different financial issues (e.g. interest and inflation). Knowledge and experiences about over-indebtness were charted through questions concerning, for example, defaults on debts, payments or repayments and the respondents' own debt situation. The respondents' awareness was examined on whether they knew where they should appeal a decision made by a bank or insurance company if they were not satisfied with it. Finally, the survey charted abilities, satisfaction and trust in financial issues and institutions (e.g. how the respondents would describe their own abilities in making good financial decisions, whether they were satisfied with their life overall, and whether they thought that banks, insurance companies or the justice system could be trusted). Background variables included, among others, gender, age, marital status, household composition, gross annual income of the respondent and household, highest level of education, as well as NUTS2 and NUTS3 regions of residence.

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general sociopolitical orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology. This round of Eurobarometer surveys covers the standard modules and the following special topics: (1) Europe 2020, (2) the financial and economic crisis, (3) European citizenship, and (4) European values. Questions pertain to opinions about EU values and priorities for the next decade, attitudes towards globalization, and EU initiatives to recover from the financial crisis. Other questions address respondents' knowledge of EU policies and institutions, views and expectation of European citizenship, and the European Citizens' Initiative. Demographic and other background information includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of a fixed or mobile telephone, quality of life, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, Internet use, type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

Since the early 1970s the European Commission´s Standard & Special Eurobarometer are regularly monitoring the public opinion in the European Union member countries. Principal investigators are the Directorate-General Communication and on occasion other departments of the European Commission or the European Parliament. Over time, candidate and accession countries were included in the Standard Eurobarometer Series. Selected questions or modules may not have been surveyed in each sample. Please consult the basic questionnaire for more information on country filter instructions or other questionnaire routing filters. In this study the following modules (standard & special modules) are included: 1. European values and societal issues (in the context of the standard module), 2. Mobile phone use (roaming), 3. Farm animal welfare.

Topics: 1. European values and societal issues (in the context of the standard module): frequency of discussions about political matters on national, European, and local level; opinion leadership; life satisfaction; expectations for the next twelve months regarding: personal life in general, national economic situation, financial situation of the own household, national employment situation, personal job situation; general direction things are going in the own country and in the EU; trust in selected institutions: written press, radio, television, internet, national legal system, police, army, religious institutions, trade unions, political parties, national government, national parliament, European Union, United Nations, consumer associations; assessment of the own country’s membership in the EU as a good thing; benefits from the EU membership; impact of the own country’s EU membership on selected areas in the own country: security, economy, standard of living, agriculture, influence in the world, employment; EU image; attitude towards the development towards a European political union; attitude towards selected statements: own voice counts in the EU, respondent understands how the EU works, feeling of being involved in European affairs; assessment of the current speed of building Europe and preferred speed; self-rated knowledge about the European Union, its policies and institutions; frequency of looking for information on the European Union, its policies and institutions; ease of finding information on the European Union, its policies and institutions; awareness of the right to request access to non-published documents of EU institutions; awareness of and trust in selected institutions of the European Union: European Parliament, European Commission, Council of the European Union, Court of Justice of the European Communities, European Ombudsman, European Central Bank, European Court of Auditors, Committee of the Regions of the European Union, Economic and Social Committee of the European Union; knowledge test on the EU: number of member states, direct election of European Parliament members by the citizens of each member state, change in the presidency of the Council of the European Union every six months; recent reception of media reports on the presidency of Finland; importance of the current presidency of Finland; recent reception of media reports on the upcoming presidency of Germany; importance of the upcoming presidency of Germany; preferred means of information of the national government on the EU; policy areas respondent desires additional information on; most important problems in the own country; preferred level of decision making in the fields of: fight against crime, taxation, fight against unemployment, fight against terrorism, defence and foreign affairs, immigration, education system, pensions, environmental protection, health and social welfare, agriculture and fisheries, consumer protection, scientific and technological research, support for regions facing economic difficulties, energy, competition; attitude towards the following issues: European economic and monetary union with one single currency, common foreign policy of all member states, common defence and security policy, further enlargement, constitution for the EU, different speed of building Europe in the member states; most important objectives of the European Union; preferred level of decision making in the field of European defence policy: national governments, NATO, EU, other; knowledge test: field on which most of the EU budget is spent; assessment of the role of the United States and the European Union regarding: ...

Since the early 1970s the European Commission´s Standard & Special Eurobarometer are regularly monitoring the public opinion in the European Union member countries. Principal investigators are the Directorate-General Communication and on occasion other departments of the European Commission or the European Parliament. Over time, candidate and accession countries were included in the Standard Eurobarometer Series. Selected questions or modules may not have been surveyed in each sample. Please consult the basic questionnaire for more information on country filter instructions or other questionnaire routing filters. In this study all question modules are in the standard Eurobarometer context: 1. Standard EU and trend questions, 2. Immigration, 3. Financial and economic crisis and related EU policies, 4. European citizenship, 5. Media use and political information, 6. EU budget.
Topics: 1. Attitudes towards the EU (standard EU and trend questions): assessment of the current situation in the following areas: own country, national economy, European economy, personal job situation, financial situation of the own household, national employment situation, provision of public services in the own country; expectations for the next twelve months regarding: personal life in general, situation in the own country in general, national economic situation, financial situation of the own household, national employment situation, personal job situation, economic situation in the EU; most important problems in the own country, personally, and in the EU; assessment of the own country’s assumed membership in the EU as a good thing; expectations of benefit from an assumed membership of the own country; assessment of the full application of EU legislation for the Turkish Cypriot Community (TCC) as a good thing; expectations of benefit from the full application of EU legislation for the Turkish Cypriot Community (TCC); general direction things are going in the own country, the EU, and in the USA; trust in selected institutions: written press, radio, television, internet, online social networks, political parties, national legal system, police, army, public administration, regional or local public authorities, national government, national parliament, European Union, United Nations; image of the EU; positive associations with the following terms: free trade, globalisation, protectionism, competition, trade unions, public service; meaning of the EU to the respondent; most suitable attributes for describing the EU: modern, democratic, protective, efficient, remote, forward-looking; knowledge of and trust in selected institutions: European Parliament, European Commission, European Central Bank, European Council, Council of the European Union; knowledge test on the EU: number of member states, direct election of European Parliament members by the citizens of each member state, Switzerland is a member of the EU; attitude towards the following issues: European economic and monetary union with one single currency, common foreign policy of all member states, further enlargement, common defence and security policy, common trade policy, common migration policy, common energy policy, digital single market within the EU, free movement of EU citizens; satisfaction with the democracy in the own country and in the EU; approval of the following statements: respondent understands how the EU works, recognition of the own country’s interests in the EU, EU’s voice counts in the world, globalisation as an opportunity for economic growth, better development of the own country outside the EU, more decisions to be taken at EU level; optimism about the future of the EU.

1. Immigration: feeling towards immigration of people from: other EU member states, outside the EU; attitude towards additional measures to fight illegal immigration of people from outside the EU on EU level and / or on national level.

2. Financial and economic crisis and related EU policies: impact of the economic crisis on the job market has already reached its peak; approval of the following statements: measures to reduce public deficit and debt in the own country cannot be delayed (split A), measures to reduce public deficit and debt in the own country are not a priority for now (split B), EU has sufficient power and tools to defend its economic interests globally, private sector is better placed to create new jobs than public sector, public money should be used to stimulate private sector investment at EU level; likelihood to reach the following objective by 2020: increase industry’s contribution to economy to 20% of GDP; most important objectives in a European energy union.

3. European citizenship: feeling of attachment towards: own city, own country, European Union, Europe; approval of the following statements: feeling of being a citizen of the EU, knowledge of the rights of EU citizens, desire for more information on the rights of EU citizens; feeling of national and / or...

Since the early 1970s the European Commission´s Standard & Special Eurobarometer are regularly monitoring the public opinion in the European Union member countries. Principal investigators are the Directorate-General Communication and on occasion other departments of the European Commission or the European Parliament. Over time, candidate and accession countries were included in the Standard Eurobarometer Series. Selected questions or modules may not have been surveyed in each sample. Please consult the basic questionnaire for more information on country filter instructions or other questionnaire routing filters. In this study the following modules are included: 1. Europeans in 2019, 2. General Data Protection Regulation / Awareness of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, 3. Europeans’ attitudes towards vaccination.
Topics: 1. Europeans in 2019: most important problems in the own country and in the EU; trust in selected institutions: media, political parties, regional or local public authorities, national government, national parliament, European Union; meaning of the EU to the respondent; knowledge test on the EU: direct election of European Parliament members by the citizens of each member state; attitude towards the following issues: European economic and monetary union with one single currency, common foreign policy of all member states, common defence and security policy, common trade policy, common migration policy, common energy policy, digital single market within the EU, free movement of EU citizens; satisfaction with the democracy in the own country and in the EU; approval of the following statements: respondent understands how the EU works, more decisions to be taken at EU level, globalisation as an opportunity for economic growth; attitude towards selected statements: EU is a place of stability in a troubled world, free-market economy should go with a high level of social protection, globalisation threatens national identity, EU offers a future perspective for European youth, recognition of people’s interests by national political system, rise of political parties protesting against traditional political elites is a matter of concern, everyone in the own country has a chance to succeed in life; optimism about the future of the EU; feeling of being a citizen of the EU; most positive results of the EU; approval of selected statements: people in the own country have a lot of things in common, people in the EU have a lot of things in common, respondent understands what is going on the world, confidence in the future; main assets and main challenges of the EU; preferred issues to be emphasized for the future of Europe; preferred measures to improve access to healthcare in the EU; areas in the EU upon which technology will have the biggest impact: finance, employment and work, migration, health, social life, education, crime, social protection.

1. General Data Protection Regulation / Awareness of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union: awareness of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU; self-rated knowledge about the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU; knowledge test on the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU: is legally binding, applies to all actions of EU institutions, applies to all actions of EU member states, applies to member states only when they implement EU law; preferred bodies to address a complaint to regarding the violation of rights enshrined by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU: EU institution, national government, police, court, ombudsman or independent body in the own country, NGO; interest in additional information about the following aspects of the Charter: contact points in case of violation of rights enshrined by the Charter, content of the Charter, application of the Charter, historical and political context of the Charter; frequency of purchasing goods or services online; main reasons for providing personal information online; feeling of control over personal information provided online; extent of concern about not having complete control; attempts made to change the privacy settings of the personal profile on an online social network; assessment of the changes as easy; reasons for not changing; awareness of the conditions of collection and the further use of personal data provided online; attention payed to privacy statements on the internet; reasons for not paying attention; awareness of a public authority responsible for protecting people’s rights regarding personal data; awareness of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR); awareness and exercise of the following rights in the context of the GDPR: right to access personal data, right to object to receiving direct marketing, right to correct wrong data, right to have personal data deleted, right to have a say with regard to automated decisions, right to move data between providers.

2. Europeans’ attitudes towards vaccination: knowledge test on...

Since the early 1970s the European Commission´s Standard & Special Eurobarometer are regularly monitoring the public opinion in the European Union member countries. Principal investigators are the Directorate-General Communication and on occasion other departments of the European Commission or the European Parliament. Over time, candidate and accession countries were included in the Standard Eurobarometer Series. Selected questions or modules may not have been surveyed in each sample. Please consult the basic questionnaire for more information on country filter instructions or other questionnaire routing filters. In this study all question modules are in the standard Eurobarometer context: 1. Knowledge of and attitudes towards foreign languages, 2. Trust in national and European institutions, 3. Information behaviour (European Union), 4. Attitudes towards Globalisation and Liberalisation (world-wide market), 5. European Union Humanitarian Aid (ECHO).

Topics: 1. Knowledge of and attitudes towards foreign languages: mother tongue; foreign language skills; most useful foreign languages.

1. Trust in national and European institutions: frequency of discussions about political matters on national, European, and local level; opinion leadership; life satisfaction; personal living conditions compared to five years ago and expected development in the next five years; trust in selected institutions: press, radio, TV, national legal system, police, army, church, trade unions, political parties, civil service, big companies, national government, national parliament, European Union, United Nations, NGOs, charitable or voluntary organisations.

2. Information behaviour (European Union): frequency of the following activities: watch news on television, read news in daily newspapers, listen to news on the radio; degree of attention paid to news about the following topics: politics, social issues, EU, economy, sport, environment, international affairs, culture; preferred sources of information about the EU, its policies and institutions; preferred medium of information; self-rated knowledge about the EU, its policies and institutions (scale); access to or use of selected devices: video recorder, fax, satellite dish, decoder for pay-TV programmes, TV fitted with teletext, videotext system, computer, CD reader, modem, internet; assessment of the own country’s membership in the EU as a good thing; benefits from the EU membership; EU image; personal benefit from the own country’s EU membership; attitude towards an assumed failure of the EU; awareness of and trust in the following EU institutions: European Parliament, European Commission, Council of Ministers of the European Union, Court of Justice of the European Communities, European Ombudsman, European Central Bank, European Court of Auditors, Committee of the Regions of the European Union, Social and Economic Committee of the European Union; importance of the aforementioned institutions; recent reception of media reports on the current presidency of Sweden in the Council of Ministers; importance of the Swedish presidency in the Council of Ministers; attitude towards a European constitution; attitude towards the following issues: European economic and monetary union with one single currency, common foreign policy of all member states, common defence and security policy, further enlargement of the EU, responsibility of the EU for matters that cannot be handled on national level, resignation of the president of the European Commission and the European Commissioners in case of lack of support from the European Parliament, education at school about European institutions; most important issues to be prioritized by the EU next; attitude towards selected statements on the enlargement of the EU: the more countries the more guarantee for peace and security, will not cost more for existing member states, own country will become less important in Europe, risk of higher unemployment in the own country, financial support of accession candidates, own country will receive less financial support, more difficulties in decision making on European level, cultural enrichment, need for reforming work of European institutions before the accession of new member states; attitude towards decision making after the planned enlargement: unanimously by all member states, by a majority of the member states.

3. Attitudes towards Globalisation and Liberalisation (world-wide market): attitude towards the following s...

The EVIDENT serious game explores consumer behaviour in response to a malfunctioning home appliance. Specifically, it examines how consumers approach decisions to repair or replace a broken home appliance and the impact of behavioural biases on these decisions. There are two key aims addressed within the EVIDENT serious game. 1) Determine the impact of socio-demographic factors, environmental literacy, and financial literacy on consumer willingness to pay for the repair of home appliances. 2) Determine the impact of information and education mediated through a serious game on consumer in-game and real-world repair/replace decision-making.

The serious game itself is a life-simulation game in which users are tasked with maintaining their virtual home while ensuring their avatar remains comfortable (i.e. basic needs such as hunger, warmth and hygiene are met) while monitoring their financial and energy consumption. Within this game, users learn that an appliance has malfunctioned, and a repairperson is called. Users must then determine how best to proceed by entering a negotiation with the repairperson.

The experiment consists of the following sections: 1) demographic information; 2) financial literacy; 3) environmental literacy; 4) serious game. The game receives as input the replies of the participant on the demographics information section to provide a personalized gameplay experience. Replies regarding participant's age ("What is your age?"), role ("Which of the following apply to you?"), income ("What is your household's annual income?"), gender ("Which character would you like to play with?") and family status ("How many people live in your home (including you) - Children") will be used to adjust players' avatar, starting amount of money, size of the house, age of the player and the negotiation process with the repair person.

The negotiation process differs based on the participants' role ("Which of the following apply to you?"). In this question, the participant can choose one of the following replies: 1) I am a homeowner, 2) I am a tenant (i.e. I pay someone to rent my accommodation), 3) I am a landlord (i.e. I receive payment for accommodation from someone else). Participants who rent (2) or are landlords (3) will be assigned to an additional in-game scenario to explore the unique context in which their energy decisions are made. Random allocation to a role will be applied for participants who select multiple options (i.e., homeowners who are also landlords).

More information on the EVIDENT Serious Game Experiment can be found on the public deliverables of the EVIDENT project https://evident-h2020.eu/deliverables/. More specifically, the serious game implementation design is described in deliverable D2.3 Serious game implementation design, the design of the experiment is reported in D2.2 Optimised Protocols Design, and the experiment preparatory actions are described in D3.1 Specifications of preparatory actions for RCT, surveys and serious game and D3.2 Implementation of preparatory actions for RCT, surveys and serious game.

Finally, the EVIDENT serious game can be found in the following locations:

EVIDENT Website: https://evident-h2020.eu/seriousgame

Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.CERTH.EvidentSeriousGame

App Store: https://apps.apple.com/gr/app/evident-serious-game/id6447255106

EVIDENT Platform (participation in the experiment): https://platform.evident-h2020.eu/sessions/participate_session/1560d6e6-732a-470c-807a-c70472d51c53

Since the early 1970s the European Commission´s Standard & Special Eurobarometer are regularly monitoring the public opinion in the European Union member countries. Principal investigators are the Directorate-General Communication and on occasion other departments of the European Commission or the European Parliament. Over time, candidate and accession countries were included in the Standard Eurobarometer Series. Selected questions or modules may not have been surveyed in each sample. Please consult the basic questionnaire for more information on country filter instructions or other questionnaire routing filters. In this study all question modules are in the standard Eurobarometer context: 1. Standard EU and trend questions, 2. Financial and economic crisis, 3. Europe 2020, 4. Globalisation, 5. European Citizenship.
Topics: 1. Attitude towards the EU (standard EU and trend questions): general life satisfaction; frequency of discussions about national, European and local political matters; personal opinion leadership; assessment of the national, the European economy and of the economy in the world; evaluation of the personal job situation and of the financial situation of the household; assessment of the employment situation in the own country and the situation of the environment; assessment of the national economy, the national employment situation, the cost of living, energy prices, the quality of life and the situation of the environment in comparison with the average of the EU countries; expectations for the future regarding the personal life situation, the economic situation of the country, the financial situation of the household, the employment situation of the country, the personal job situation, the economic situation in the EU and in the world, and the environmental situation in the country; most important problems of the country and impact on the respondent personally; the country´s membership in the EU as a good thing; favorability of the country´s membership in the EU; main reasons for the perceived benefits and disadvantages of the EU membership; development of the country, of the European Union and of the United States in the right direction; trust in institutions (in the political parties, the national government, the parliament, the European Union, the UN and local public authorities; positive or negative image of the EU; meaning of EU for the respondent; awareness of European institutions such as European Parliament, European Commission, Council of the European Union, European Central Bank, European Ombudsman, Committee of the Regions, European Council, Court of Justice of the EU, European Economic and Social Committee, and trust in these institutions; knowledge test on the European Union (the number of Member States, direct election of Members of the European Parliament, target of the Lisbon Treaty, Switzerland is a member of the EU); support of the single currency (euro) and of an enlargement of the EU; attitude towards a common foreign policy; priorities for future strengthening of the EU; preferred decision-making level (country or EU) in the areas of fighting crime, unemployment and terrorism, taxation, defense and foreign affairs, immigration, educational system, pensions, environment, health, social welfare, agriculture, consumer protection, research, support for regions facing economies difficulties, energy, competition, transport, economy, fighting inflation; satisfaction with democracy in the country and in the EU; consideration of national interests in the EU; knowledge how the EU works; optimism about the future of the European Union; awareness of the Spanish presidency of the Council of the European Union; importance of the Spanish presidency.

1. Financial and economic crisis: the impact of the crisis has reached its peak; assessment of the current situation of the own household; most important actor to tackle the economic and financial crisis (split: extension of the response categories on the closed question and change of the question text); better protection of the country while keeping the former national currency; impact of the euro on the financial crisis; preferred initiatives to improve the performance of the European economy; preferred measures of the EU to address the financial crisis; attitude towards the reform of the economic system (scale: Financial crisis makes it easier (Split A) or more difficult (Split B) to adopt reforms, promoting reforms to relieve future generations, demand for more reforms in the country (Split A), and the adopted reforms are already sufficient (Split B), demand for increased cooperation among the EU Member States, willingness to lower standards of living to secure the future of the next generations, measures to reduce the public deficit are primarily (Split A) or are not a priority (Split B); demand for a rapid reduction of public debt; it is necessary to increase public deficits to create jobs; effectiveness of selected measures...

Since the early 1970s the European Commission´s Standard & Special Eurobarometer are regularly monitoring the public opinion in the European Union member countries. Principal investigators are the Directorate-General Communication and on occasion other departments of the European Commission or the European Parliament. Over time, candidate and accession countries were included in the Standard Eurobarometer Series. Selected questions or modules may not have been surveyed in each sample. Please consult the basic questionnaire for more information on country filter instructions or other questionnaire routing filters. In this study the following modules are included: 1. European Parliament Eurobarometer, 2. Telephone numbers and helplines for social services, 3. Railway competition, 4. Europeans and agriculture, 5. Cyber security.

Topics: 1. European Parliament Eurobarometer: reduction of public spending or public investments as a way out of the crisis; evaluation of possible measures of the EU Parliament as a way out of the crisis; preference for national or EU-wide measures; attitudes towards a tax on financial transactions; most important reasons for or against a tax on financial transactions ; attitude towards assumption of public debt of allEU member states (scale); attitude towards a common EU budgetary policy; preference for automatic fines or reducing funding for the enforcement of debt settlement; knowledge of and attitudes towards Eurobonds and credit rating agencies.

1. Telephone numbers and helplines for social services: knowledge of the different emergency numbers; knowledge of the emergency number for children; knowing the phone number for emotional support (telephone counseling); awareness of the EU initiative to provide free telephone counseling services and hotlines; sourcesof information about counseling services; knowledge of the number in other Member States; knowledge of organizations that operate the 116-advisory services; usefulness of selected counseling services (scale); sufficient knowledge of citizens about counseling services.

2. Railway competition: frequency of travel by trains; purpose of using national and regional trains; most important motivation for increasing frequency of traveling by train; satisfaction with the rail system; attitudes towards privatization of the railways; expected impact of privatization on rail transport (scale); expected beneficiaries or losers of privatization (passengers, operator or employee); expected change in public funding due to increased competition in the rail market; expected changes in rail traffic through competition; importance of services from a single service provider.

3. Europeans and agriculture: concern about sufficient food production in the future;; advocacy of a food supply in the EU by imports, self-sufficiency or with export surpluses; EU agricultural production (scale); most important criteria when buying food (scale: quality, price, geographical origin, brand); attention to quality labels for food; awareness of food label; attitude to agriculture (scale: environmental, protection, and landscape management).

4. Cyber security: frequency of internet use; locations of Internet access (work, home, internet cafe); type of device to access the Internet; online activities; Rating of the general safety of activities like online banking and online shopping; concerns about using the Internet for online banking or buying things online; habit change because of concerns about security issues using the Internet; information on cybercrime; self-rated of knowledge about cybercrime; frequency of self-experienced cybercrime; personal concern to be victims of selected forms of cybercrime; preferred points of contact in the case of becoming victim of cybercrimes; concern about cybercrime (scale); change of password during past 12 months for selected online services.

Demography: nationality; self-rated position on a left-right continuum, family situation; age at end of education; sex; age; occupation; professional position; degree of urbanization; number of persons in the household aged 15 years and older; number of children in household less than 10 years and 10 to 14 years; own a mobile phone and fixed (landline) phone; have durable goods (entertainment electronics, Internet connection, have a car, a flat/a house have finished paying for or still paying for; Financial difficulties last year; self-assessment on social position (scale); Internet use (at...

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology. This round of Eurobarometer surveys covers the following special topics: (1) Europe 2020 strategy, (2) the financial and economic crisis, (3) European citizenship, and (4) information on EU political matters. Opinions were collected on the European economic crisis and the importance of the Europe 2020 strategies for improving the crisis. Respondents were also asked about their thoughts on the effects of the formation of the European Union and the rights of its citizens. Additional information includes respondents' sources of political knowledge and to what extent they feel well informed on political matters. Demographic and other background information collected include age, gender, nationality, marital status and parental relations, occupation, age when stopped full-time education, household composition, ownership of durable goods, difficulties in paying bills, level in society, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries).

Description: Topics covered in the questionnaire are: democracy and governance, personal wellbeing index, crime and safety, energy, financial literacy, product choice, financial knowledge and understanding, police confidence, respondent characteristics, household characteristics, personal and household income variables. The data set for dissemination contains 2518 cases and 577 variables. Abstract: The primary objective of the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS) is to design, develop and implement a conceptually and methodologically robust study of changing social attitudes and values in South Africa. In meeting this objective, the HSRC is carefully and consistently monitoring and providing insight into changes in attitudes among various socio-demographic groupings. SASAS is intended to provide a unique long-term account of the social fabric of modern South Africa, and of how its changing political and institutional structures interact over time with changing social attitudes and values. The survey is conducted annually and the 2012 survey is the tenth wave in the series. The core module will remain constant for subsequent annual SASAS surveys with the aim of monitoring change and continuity in a variety of socio-economic and socio-political variables. In addition, a number of themes will be accommodated in rotation. The rotating element of the survey consists of two or more topic-specific modules in each round of interviewing and is directed at measuring a range of policy and academic concerns and issues that require more detailed examination at a specific point in time than the multi-topic core module would permit. Face-to-face interview National Population: Adults (aged 16 and older) SASAS has been designed to yield a representative sample of 3500 adult South African citizens aged 16 and older (with no upper age limit), in households geographically spread across the country's nine provinces. The sampling frame used for the survey was based on the 2011 census and a set of small area layers (SALs). Estimates of the population numbers for various categories of the census variables were obtained per SAL. In this sampling frame special institutions (such as hospitals, military camps, old age homes, schools and university hostels), recreational areas, industrial areas and vacant SALs were excluded prior to the drawing of the sample. Small area layers (SALs) were used as primary sampling units and the estimated number of dwelling units (taken as visiting points) in the SALs as secondary sampling units. In the first sampling stage the primary sampling units (SALs) were drawn with probability proportional to size, using the estimated number of dwelling units in an SAL as measure of size. The dwelling units as secondary sampling units were defined as "separate (non-vacant) residential stands, addresses, structures, flats, homesteads, etc." In the second sampling stage a predetermined number of individual dwelling units (or visiting points) were drawn with equal probability in each of the drawn dwelling units. Finally, in the third sampling stage a person was drawn with equal probability from all 16 year and older persons in the drawn dwelling units. Three explicit stratification variables were used, namely province, geographic type and majority population group. As stated earlier, within each stratum, the allocated number of primary sampling units (which could differ between different strata) was drawn using proportional to size probability sampling with the estimated number of dwelling units in the primary sampling units as measure of size. In each of these drawn primary sampling units, seven dwelling units were drawn. This resulted in a sample of 3500 individuals. A list of the 500 drawn SALs were given to geographic information specialists (GIS) and maps were then created for each of the 500 areas, indicating certain navigational beacons such as schools, roads churches etc. Selection of individuals: For each of the SASAS samples interviewers visited each visiting point drawn in the SALs (PSU) and listed all eligible persons for inclusion in the sample, that is all persons currently aged 16 years or older and resident at the selected visiting point. The interviewer then selected one respondent using a random selection procedure based on a Kish grid.

From 2025 to 2035, the market is projected to experience a CAGR of 10.1%, fuelled by advancements in technology, rising digital financial literacy, and the growing demand for real-time financial monitoring for individuals and small businesses.

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