This is an ArcGIS Server Image Service of the 4-band 2021 National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) orthorectified digital aerial photos of Montana. Imagery defaults to natural color. To view the imagery as false-color infrared (CIR), select band 4 as the red image, band 1 as the green, and band 2 as the blue. This data set contains imagery from the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). These data are digital aerial photos, at 60 centimeter resolution, of the state of Montana, taken in 2021. The data are available from the State Library in two different formats. The most accessible format is a downloadable collection of compressed county mosaic (CCM) 4-Band MrSID images. These data are in UTM coordinates. The FTP folder containing these images is https://ftpgeoinfo.msl.mt.gov/Data/Spatial/MSDI/Imagery/2023_NAIP/UTM_County_Mosaics The data are available from the State Library as a collection 10,505 4-band (near infrared, red, green and blue) TIFF images in UTM coordinates. Each image is about 425 megabytes. The tiling format of the TIFF imagery is based on 3.75 x 3.75 minute quarter-quadrangles with a 300 pixel buffer on all four sides. An ESRI shapefile index showing the extent and acquisition dates of the TIF images is available at:Tile Index: https://ftpgeoinfo.msl.mt.gov/Data/Spatial/MSDI/Imagery/2023_NAIP/NAIP2023_TileIndex_shp.zipPhoto Dates: https://ftpgeoinfo.msl.mt.gov/Data/Spatial/MSDI/Imagery/2023_NAIP/NAIP2023_ImageDates_shp.zipTo order TIFF images from the State Library, select the quadrangles you want from the tiff index shapefile and send them to the Library, along with a storage device of sufficient size to hold them and return postage for the device. More information on ordering can be found at the following website https://msl.mt.gov/geoinfo/data/Aerial_Photos/Ordering

This data set contains imagery from the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). The NAIP program is administered by USDA FSA and has been established to support two main FSA strategic goals centered on agricultural production. These are, increase stewardship of America's natural resources while enhancing the environment, and to ensure commodities are procured and distributed effectively an...

This data set contains imagery from the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). These data are digital aerial photos, at one meter resolution, of the entire state of Montana, taken in the year 2013. The data are available from the State Library in three different formats: The most accessible format is a downloadable collection of 698 compressed natural-color MrSID images, each 24 kilometers square. These images are in Montana State Plane coordinates, units meters. The web page for accessing these images is http://mslapps.mt.gov/Geographic_Information/Data/Aerial_Photos/naip_2013_default.aspx. The data are also downloadable as a collection of 56 compressed county mosaic (CCM) natural color MrSID images. These data are in UTM coordinates. The FTP folder containing these images is ftp://ftp.geoinfo.msl.mt.gov/Data/Spatial/MSDI/Imagery/2013_NAIP/UTM_County_Mosaics. The data are available from the State Library as a collection 11,776 4-band (near infrared, red, green and blue) TIFF images in UTM coordinates. Each image is about 170 megabytes. The tiling format of the TIFF imagery is based on 3.75 x 3.75 minute quarter-quadrangles with a 300 pixel buffer on all four sides. An ESRI shapefile index showing the dates and times the images were acquired is available at ftp://ftp.geoinfo.msl.mt.gov/Data/Spatial/MSDI/Imagery/2013_NAIP/NAIP_2013_Dates.zip. An ESRI shapefile index showing the extent of the individual TIFF image files is available at ftp://ftp.geoinfo.msl.mt.gov/Data/Spatial/MSDI/Imagery/2013_NAIP/NAIP_2013_tiff_index.zip. To order TIFF images from the State Library, select the quadrangles you want from the tiff index shapefile and send them to the Library, along with a storage device of sufficient size to hold them and return postage for the device.

The WY-MT WSC conducted a study to develop regression equations for estimating peak-flow frequencies in Montana, using channel-width characteristics. Channel widths were measured in the field and from aerial imagery. Chase, K.J., Sando, Roy, Armstrong, D.W., McCarthy, P.M., Regional Regression Equations Based on Channel-Width Characteristics to Estimate Peak-Flow Frequencies at Ungaged Sites in Montana Using Peak-Flow Frequency Data through Water Year 2011, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020-XXXX, XX pages, https://doi.org/x

Digital orthographic imagery datasets contain georeferenced images of the Earth's surface, collected by a sensor in which object displacement has been removed for sensor distortions and orientation, and terrain relief. Digital orthoimages have the geometric characteristics of a map, and image qualities of a photograph. (Source: Circular A-16, p. 16)

UAV Imagery Collection:

Data was collected using a Mavic 2 Pro drone with the integrated Hasselblad L1D-20C RGB camera at an altitude of 90 feet (27.4 m). Flights were conducted over a barley field located west of Bozeman Montana (45.676415, -111.149092). DJI GS Pro software was used on an iPad mini to create an automated flight path for imagery capture.  Images were collected while hovering to minimize blurring and captured with 70% overlap along the flight path and 70% overlap between flight passes. Weather permitting, flights were timed as close to 10:00 am or 2:00 pm as possible.

Date Number of Images Time of Flight Notes

June 16 37 10.38

June 21 49 11:27 Increased number of passes for better stitching of edge plots.

June 24 49 10:45

July 01 49 10:16

July 12 59 09:51

One-the-fly flight plan due to hardware issues.

July 15 49 9:09

July 19 48 11:20

July 25 49 14:04

July 27 49 14:07

August 5 48 10:...

Degradation of streams and associated riparian habitat across the Missouri River Headwaters Basin has motivated several stream restoration projects across the watershed. Many of these projects install a series of beaver dam analogues (BDAs) to aggrade incised streams, elevate local water tables, and create natural surface water storage by reconnecting streams with their floodplains. Satellite imagery can provide a spatially continuous mechanism to monitor the effects of these in-stream structures on stream surface area. However, remote sensing-based approaches to map narrow (e.g., <5 m wide) linear features such as streams have been under-developed relative to efforts to map other types of aquatic systems, such as wetlands or lakes. We mapped pre- and post-restoration (one to three years post-restoration) stream surface area and riparian greenness at four stream restoration sites using Worldview-2 and 3 images as well as a QuickBird-2 image. We found that panchromatic brightness and ...

The objective of this project is to acquire LiDAR imagery for Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge. LiDAR will assist with restoring hydrological function, increasing water efficiency, reducing contamination and managing vegetation as the new management direction described in the recent Benton Lake NWR Complex Comprehensive Conservation Plan.

This statewide land cover theme is a baseline digital map of Montana's natural and human land cover. The baseline map is adapted from the Northwest ReGAP project land cover classification, which used 30m resolution multi-spectral satellite imagery acquired from 2002 through 2005. Vegetation classes were drawn from the Ecological System Classification developed by NatureServe (Comer et al. 2003). The land cover classes were developed by Anderson et al. (1976). The NWGAP effort encompasses 12 map zones. Montana overlaps seven of these zones. The two NWGAP teams responsible for the initial land cover mapping effort in Montana were Sanborn and NWGAP at the University of Idaho. Both Sanborn and NWGAP employed a similar modeling approach in which Classification and Regression Tree (CART) models were applied to Landsat ETM+ scenes. The Spatial Analysis Lab within the Montana Natural Heritage Program was responsible for developing a seamless Montana land cover map with a consistent statewide legend from these two separate products. Additionally, the Montana land cover layer incorporates several other land cover and land use products (e.g., the National Land Cover Dataset, the National Wetlands Inventory, the National Hydrography Dataset, MSDI Structures and Transportation themes, and the MT. Dept of Revenue Final Land Unit classification) and reclassifications based on plot-level data and NAIP imagery to improve accuracy and enhance the usability of the theme. Additional updates to improve the accuracy are conducted on an annual basis. New MSDI Land Cover themes will be made available through the Montana GIS Portal, hosted by Natural Resource Information System (NRIS) on an annual basis. Additionally, previous versions will be archived and available through the Montana GIS Portal. This version was last updated May 2013.

These polygon features represent digitization of the glacier margins for the 37 named glaciers of Glacier National Park (GNP) and the 2 glaciers along the border of GNP derived from aerial images acquired on September 11, 12, 14, 15, 1998. The polygons represent only the main body portion of the glacier as they appeared in the 1998 imagery. Disconnected patches are not included as this dataset represents only the main body features. Polygons were digitized from orthorectified aerial images with initial digitization completed in 2001 by Michelle Manly, University of North Dakota graduate student. This set of polygons represents a thorough review with revisions to the initial dataset based on local knowledge and improved satellite imagery acquired in 2015. In several cases, the much higher resolution 2015 imagery revealed features, such as debris covered ice, where 1998 image analysis had deemed bedrock and actual margins had to be re-evaluated. A Wacom Pro digital tablet was used by USGS staff to trace outlines and make revisions to the original margins. Glaciers were digitized at 1:2000 scale. Since multiple images in time series contribute to this analysis, if previous image showed perennial snow that was absent from the glacier (bedrock visible), then that portion was deemed "seasonal/perennial snow" in subsequent photos and not included in the digitization of 1998 glacier margins.

Yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis; clover hereafter) is a biennial legume native to Eurasia that is now present in all 50 states. Clover can grow 2 m tall and achieve high densities across large areas in the Northern Great Plains when conditions are conducive, such as in 2019. Clover is highly efficient at fixing nitrogen in soils which reduces the abundance of native grasses, while simultaneously facilitating invasion of non-native grasses, which may alter fire regimes. In contrast, clover provides considerable forage for ungulates, attracts a wide variety of insects that, along with clover seeds, are important to waterfowl, gamebirds, and songbirds, and supports numerous pollinators. Little is known about the extent of clover in central Montana and northwest South Dakota and this study represents the first known attempt to map clover in these regions. In 2019, the Bureau of Land Management conducted Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) surveys at 10 sites in cen ...

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The 1966 polygons included in this data release represent the main body portion of the 37 named glaciers of Glacier National Park (GNP) and 2 named glaciers on the U.S. Forest Service’s Flathead National Forest land. This is a subset of the original mapping effort derived from 1:24000 scale mapping of named glaciers and permanent snowfields within Glacier National Park, Montana which were digitized by Richard Menicke (Glacier National Park) and Carl Key (U.S. Geological Survey) in 1993. These data are based on USGS 7.5 minute quadrangle mapping published from 1966 through 1968 which were the result of the earliest park-wide aerial surveys of snow and ice features in GNP. Examination of the aerial photographs shows that seasonal snow was present at some of the glaciers, limiting the ability of the 1966-1968 cartographers to see and map the glacier ice margins. This resulted in some smoothed and generalized outlines of the glaciers where the cartographers were likely guessing where the ice margins were under the snow. In addition, some photographs show exposed glacier margin ice with irregular patterns that are not represented by the mapped ice margin. It appeared that the original cartographers used a more generalized outline for the glaciers and were not concerned with small scale ice features even when they were evident in the photographs. Despite the generalized nature of the glacier outlines, which were also limited by mapping technology and standards of the time, the dataset represents the baseline for the glacier margins derived from aerial photography. In several cases, because of the generalized nature of the 1966-1968 mapping, a glacier perimeter did not seem as if it reflected likely location in the basin topography. In these cases the original USGS aerial imagery was referred to for verification and revision if the error seemed significant. Specifics of margin revision are detailed in attribute files for those glaciers that warranted change as part of the time series analysis conducted by Dan Fagre and Lisa McKeon (USGS) in February - August, 2016. For each glacier, determination of what constituted the "main body" was made in accordance with USGS criteria outlined in Supplemental Information section of the xml file and some disconnected patches were eliminated in the interest of keeping this analysis strictly to glacier main bodies.

This dataset includes photographic images of thin sections created from hand samples collected from the Lady of the Lake intrusion, Montana, a shapefile representing the locations of the hand samples, and images showing examples of the approximate scale on the images. The samples were collected in order to help define platinum group element (PGE), gold, and titanium vanadium iron resources associated with the Lady of the Lake intrusion. The images of the entire thin section, in plane-polarized (PPL) and cross-polarized light (XPL), were taken using a high-resolution digital camera on a macro stand. The PPL and XPL images were exported from the camera in both raw .CR2 and compressed .jpg format. Reflected light (RL) images of the thin sections were taken using a Keyence VHX-7000 digital microscope. The RL images were exported from the Keyence as .tif images. Thin sections with a coverslip were not imaged in reflected light. The data are organized into two zip files, one containing the thin section images (LotL_thin_section_images.zip), and one containing a shapefile of the locations of the hand samples (LadyoftheLake_thinsection_sample_locations_shapefile.zip). The thin section images are in two folders, one containing the 'RAW' unprocessed .CR2 images and associated .xmp metadata files, and unprocessed .tif images (LotL_Original_Images), and another folder containing processed .jpg images (LotL_Processed_Images). The processed images were run through a series of tools in Photoshop in order to improve the appearance of the images. The images taken in reflected light were not run through the Photoshop processing. The file name of each photograph correlates to the hand sample ID from which the thin section was sourced, and whether the photograph represents a plane-polarized (PPL), cross-polarized (XPL), or reflected (RL) light image. For example, the "LL90-17_XPL.JPG" file is a cross-polarized image of the thin section sourced from the "LL90-17" hand sample. The RL images include a scale bar. The PPL and XPL images do not show a scale bar, however the thin section holder, viewable in the images, can be used as an approximate scale bar. The width of the rectangular opening of the thin section holder is approximately 48 millimeters wide. See the "Scale_bar_example_PPL.JPG" and "Scale_bar_example_XPL.JPG" image files for examples. The image files have Section 508 compliant metadata as per USGS section 508 compliancy officer guidelines. The .xmp files are included with the 'RAW' .CR2 files because the original .CR2 metadata cannot be altered. In order to add descriptive information to the metadata, the .xmp files must be included. The image metadata for the .jpg and .tif files can be viewed using software such as Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Bridge, or Windows file explorer. The raw .CR2 images edited metadata (.xmp files) can be viewed in Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Bridge, but is not viewable using Windows file explorer. For the .CR2 images, only the original metadata, created when the photograph was taken, can be be viewed using Windows file explorer.

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Stereogrammetric pre-earthquake DEM for the 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake. The model was created from the aerial images collected in 1947. The resolution of the model is 1m/px.

description: This collection of four georeferenced MrSID files and one TIFF file provides raster images of the five map sheets comprising the Geologic map of the Stillwater Complex, Montana by Page and Nokleberg (1974). Paper copies of the four geologic map sheets and the explanation were scanned, and the geologic map sheets were georeferenced to the Montana State Plane South coordinate system.; abstract: This collection of four georeferenced MrSID files and one TIFF file provides raster images of the five map sheets comprising the Geologic map of the Stillwater Complex, Montana by Page and Nokleberg (1974). Paper copies of the four geologic map sheets and the explanation were scanned, and the geologic map sheets were georeferenced to the Montana State Plane South coordinate system.

description: FEMA Framework Basemap datasets comprise six of the seven FGDC themes of geospatial data that are used by most GIS applications (Note: the seventh framework theme, orthographic imagery, is packaged in a separate NFIP Metadata Profile): cadastral, geodetic control, governmental unit, transportation, general structures, hydrography (water areas & lines. These data include an encoding of the geographic extent of the features and a minimal number of attributes needed to identify and describe the features. (Source: Circular A16, p. 13); abstract: FEMA Framework Basemap datasets comprise six of the seven FGDC themes of geospatial data that are used by most GIS applications (Note: the seventh framework theme, orthographic imagery, is packaged in a separate NFIP Metadata Profile): cadastral, geodetic control, governmental unit, transportation, general structures, hydrography (water areas & lines. These data include an encoding of the geographic extent of the features and a minimal number of attributes needed to identify and describe the features. (Source: Circular A16, p. 13)

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