The highest average temperature recorded in 2024 until November was in August, at 16.8 degrees Celsius. Since 2015, the highest average daily temperature in the UK was registered in July 2018, at 18.7 degrees Celsius. The summer of 2018 was the joint hottest since institutions began recording temperatures in 1910. One noticeable anomaly during this period was in December 2015, when the average daily temperature reached 9.5 degrees Celsius. This month also experienced the highest monthly rainfall in the UK since before 2014, with England, Wales, and Scotland suffering widespread flooding. Daily hours of sunshine Unsurprisingly, the heat wave that spread across the British Isles in 2018 was the result of particularly sunny weather. July 2018 saw an average of 8.7 daily sun hours in the United Kingdom. This was more hours of sun than was recorded in July 2024, which only saw 5.8 hours of sun. Temperatures are on the rise Since the 1960s, there has been an increase in regional temperatures across the UK. Between 1961 and 1990, temperatures in England averaged nine degrees Celsius, and from 2013 to 2022, average temperatures in the country had increased to 10.3 degrees Celsius. Due to its relatively southern location, England continues to rank as the warmest country in the UK.

England's highest monthly mean air temperatures are typically recorded in July and August of each year. Since 2015, the warmest mean temperature was measured in July 2018 at 18.8 degrees Celsius. On the other hand, February of that same year registered the coolest temperature, at 2.6 degrees Celsius. In August 2025, the mean air temperature was 17.4 degrees Celsius, slightly higher than the same month the previous year. The English weather England is the warmest region in the United Kingdom and the driest. In 2024, the average annual temperature in England amounted to 10.73 degrees Celsius – around 1.1 degrees above the national mean. That same year, precipitation in England stood at about 1,020 millimeters. By contrast, Scotland – the wettest region in the UK – recorded over 1,500 millimeters of rainfall in 2024. Temperatures on the rise Throughout the last decades, the average temperature in the United Kingdom has seen an upward trend, reaching a record high in 2022. Global temperatures have experienced a similar pattern over the same period. This gradual increase in the Earth's average temperature is primarily due to various human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, which lead to the emission of greenhouse gases. This phenomenon has severe consequences, including more frequent and intense weather events, rising sea levels, and adverse effects on human health and the environment.

Since January 2015, the highest maximum monthly temperature in England was measured in July 2018, at 24.8 degrees Celsius. July temperatures declined in the following years, and measured 22.9 degrees Celsius in 2025. Further information about the weather in the United Kingdom can be found here.

The UK daily temperature data contain maximum and minimum temperatures (air, grass and concrete slab) measured over a period of up to 24 hours. The measurements were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within NCM, DLY3208 or AWSDLY messages. The data span from 1853 to 2023. For details on measurement techniques, including calibration information and changes in measurements, see section 5.2 of the MIDAS User Guide linked to from this record. Soil temperature data may be found in the UK soil temperature datasets linked from this record.

This version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2023.

This dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. Currently this represents approximately 95% of available daily temperature observations within the full MIDAS collection.

Data Source

Data Source : UK GOV

Sunshine data taken from a Campbell Stokes recorder.

(no more from an automatic Kipp & Zonen sensor marked with a #)

Content

Place: Cambridge.

Location: 543500E 260600N, Lat 52.245 Lon 0.102.

Height above mean sea level: 26 metres.

Columns

• year: Date in format YYYY.
• month: Date in format MM.
• tmax: Maximum temperature of the day in °C.
• tmin: Minimum temperature of the day in °C.
• af: Numbers of air frost days in a month.
• rain: Rainfall in millimeters.
• sun_hr: Sun hours in hours.

Missing Value

Missing values are marked as -1.

Data Processing

• Process RAW data (plain text) to csv format.
• Original data is marked with a * after the value indicating Estimated.
  • -> Symbol * has been removed and treated as normal value.
• Missing data (more than 2 days missing in month) is marked by ---.
  • -> This is marked as -1, indicating missing value

The lowest average minimum temperature recorded in England since 2015 was in February 2018, when temperatures dropped to -0.4 degrees Celsius. In comparison, in February 2025 the temperature was 2.2 degrees Celsius.Further information about the weather in the United Kingdom can be found here.

The monthly mean temperature in the United Kingdom is typically highest in July and August. During this period, the monthly mean temperature peaked in July 2018, at *****degrees Celsius. In April 2025, the UK recorded a mean temperature of *** degrees Celsius, slightly higher than the temperature recorded the same month a year prior.

The wettest months in the United Kingdom tend to be at the start and end of the year. In the period of consideration, the greatest measurement of rainfall was nearly 217 millimeters, recorded in December 2015. The lowest level of rainfall was recorded in April 2021, at 20.6 millimeters. Rainy days The British Isles are known for their wet weather, and in 2024 there were approximately 164 rain days in the United Kingdom. A rainday is when more than one millimeter of rain falls within a day. Over the past 30 years, the greatest number of rain days was recorded in the year 2000. In that year, the average annual rainfall in the UK amounted to 1,242.1 millimeters. Climate change According to the Met Office, climate change in the United Kingdom has resulted in the weather getting warmer and wetter. In 2022, the annual average temperature in the country reached a new record high, surpassing 10 degrees Celsius for the first time. This represented an increase of nearly two degrees Celsius when compared to the annual average temperature recorded in 1910. In a recent survey conducted amongst UK residents, almost 80 percent of respondents had concerns about climate change.

This dataset consists of monthly mean inshore surface water temperature (degrees C) data from Windermere, a lake in northern England. Data collection began in 1933, but data are presented here from 1946 onwards. The data were initially collected by the Freshwater Biological Association (FBA), then by CEH and its predecessor Institute of Freshwater Ecology (IFE) from 1989 to 2003, and subsequently again by FBA.

The longest available instrumental record of temperature in the world is now available at the BADC. The monthly data starts in 1659.

The mean, minimum and maximum datasets are updated monthly, with data for a month usually available by the 3rd of the next month. A provisional CET value for the current month is calculated on a daily basis. The mean monthly data series begins in 1659. Mean maximum and minimum daily and monthly data are also available, beginning in 1878.

These historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).

The following stations are used by the Met Office to compile the CET data: Rothamsted, Malvern, Squires Gate and Ringway.

But in November 2004, the weather station Stonyhurst replaced Ringway and revised urban warming and bias adjustments have now been applied to the Stonyhurst data after a period of reduced reliability from the station in the summer months.

The data set is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.

Monthly Historical information for 37 UK Meteorological Stations. Most go back to the early 1900s, but some go back as far as 1853.

Data includes:

• Mean maximum temperature (tmax)
• Mean minimum temperature (tmin)
• Days of air frost (af)
• Total rainfall (rain)
• Total sunshine duration (sun)

Station data files are updated on a rolling monthly basis, around 10 days after the end of the month. Data are indicated as provisional until the full network quality control has been carried out. After this, data are final.

No allowances have been made for small site changes and developments in instrumentation.

Data and statistics for other stations, and associated charges, can be obtained by contacting our Customer Centre.

This dataset contains UK Met Office Daily Weather Reports (DWR) from ten sites from the UK Met Office Monthly Weather Records (1884-1993), using the recently-scanned UK Met Office Monthly Weather Reports (MWR). The data are presented as is, with no attempt to provide any corrections or calibration. Approximately half the stations exhibit sharp drops in thunderdays at various points between 1960 and 1990. Comparison with nearby Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) stations suggests the low thunderdays are the result of changes in observing practice, rather than genuine changes in thunderstorm occurrence. These potential data issues limit interpretation of the long-term trends. DWR contain extensive logs of UK thunderstorm activity, in the form of thunderday observations. To date, only a very small fraction of these data have been digitised as part of the MIDAS dataset, and exclusively after 1950.

Monthly temperature deviations from the long-term mean in the United Kingdom have varied greatly in recent years. In July 2025, average temperatures were 1.4 degrees Celsius warmer than the long-term mean. In comparison, temperatures in July 2024 were 0.5 degrees Celsius colder than the long-term mean. The most notable deviation during this period was in December 2015, when temperatures were 4.3 degrees warmer than normal.

Temperature in the United Kingdom decreased to 9.88 celsius in 2024 from 10.14 celsius in 2023. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Average Temperature.

This dataset contains a long time series of temperature for central England. Monthly mean temperatures are available from January 1659, and daily mean temperatures begin in January 1772. Both daily and monthly means are available into 1999. There are two time series of monthly temperatures: one from the U.K. Meteorological Office and one from Phil Jones at the University of East Anglia. The two series are not identical, but there are only a few significant differences, apparently due to errors in one of the series, but which one is not known.

London Underground records temperatures across the Underground in order to inform our cooling initiatives. Platform temperatures on the deep Tube are routinely monitored using data loggers. Average monthly evening peak temperatures since 2013 are provided on this page. We are investing millions as part of a long-term programme to ensure we can deliver more services, and continue to introduce new trains to meet growing customer numbers whilst providing more comfortable journeys. We have implemented energy efficient solutions on new trains, which saves energy and reduces the heat generated. We have also removed heat from our station and tunnel environment by installing new ventilation or cooling solutions. On the Central line we have installed solar reflective material on the external surface of train roofs and solar reducing films on windows to minimise solar gains into the carriages. On the Victoria line we have doubled the capacity of thirteen ventilation shafts, which provide more air flow, as well as introduced regenerative braking (which returns power to the rails while the train is braking) on the new trains. We have also installed air cooling units and mechanical chillers at some key busy stations, such as Oxford Circus, and have been using groundwater underneath Victoria Tube station to provide cooling to the platforms. We are similarly using water from the aquifer underneath Green Park to provide cooling for that Tube station. In addition, we have upgraded existing ventilation fans and installed new fans at a number of stations across the network. As part of this work to make customer journeys more comfortable, we are also working to reduce temperatures inside carriages. 192 new air-conditioned trains are now in operation on the Circle, District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. Note: Sub-surface lines are the Circle, Hammersmith & City, District and Metropolitan lines.

Temperature by Month, Meteorological Weather Station and Statistic

View data using web pages

Download .px file (Software required)

What does the data show?

This data shows the monthly averages of minimum surface temperature (°C) for 2040-2069 using a combination of the CRU TS (v. 4.06) and UKCP18 global RCP2.6 datasets. The RCP2.6 scenario is an aggressive mitigation scenario where greenhouse gas emissions are strongly reduced.

The data combines a baseline (1981-2010) value from CRU TS (v. 4.06) with an anomaly from UKCP18 global. Where the anomaly is the change in temperature at 2040-2069 relative to 1981-2010.

The data is provided on the WGS84 grid which measures approximately 60km x 60km (latitude x longitude) at the equator.

Limitations of the data

We recommend the use of multiple grid cells or an average of grid cells around a point of interest to help users get a sense of the variability in the area. This will provide a more robust set of values for informing decisions based on the data.

What are the naming conventions and how do I explore the data?

This data contains a field for each month’s average over the period. They are named 'tmin' (temperature minimum), the month and ‘upper’ ‘median’ or ‘lower’. E.g. ‘tmin Mar Lower’ is the average of the daily minimum temperatures in March throughout 2040-2069, in the second lowest ensemble member.

To understand how to explore the data, see this page: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/457e7a2bc73e40b089fac0e47c63a578

Please note, if viewing in ArcGIS Map Viewer, the map will default to ‘tmin Jan Median’ values.

What do the ‘median’, ‘upper’, and ‘lower’ values mean?

Climate models are numerical representations of the climate system. To capture uncertainty in projections for the future, an ensemble, or group, of climate models are run. Each ensemble member has slightly different starting conditions or model set-ups. Considering all of the model outcomes gives users a range of plausible conditions which could occur in the future.

To select which ensemble members to use, the monthly averages of minimum surface temperature for the period 2040-2069 were calculated for each ensemble member and they were then ranked in order from lowest to highest for each location.

The ‘lower’ fields are the second lowest ranked ensemble member. The ‘upper’ fields are the second highest ranked ensemble member. The ‘median’ field is the central value of the ensemble.

This gives a median value, and a spread of the ensemble members indicating the range of possible outcomes in the projections. This spread of outputs can be used to infer the uncertainty in the projections. The larger the difference between the lower and upper fields, the greater the uncertainty.

Data source

CRU TS v. 4.06 - (downloaded 12/07/22)

UKCP18 v.20200110 (downloaded 17/08/22)

Useful links

Further information on CRU TS Further information on the UK Climate Projections (UKCP) Further information on understanding climate data within the Met Office Climate Data Portal

Monthly average air temperatures of the city of Barcelona since 1780. The temperature is provided in Celsius (ºC).