Southern Asia had a child under-five mortality rate of 127 per 1,000 live births in the year 1990, compared to a rate of 35 per 1,000 live births in 2022. The statistic shows the mortality rate of children under age 5 worldwide from 1990 to 2022, by region.

Since the millennium, the global child mortality rate decreased steadily, even though the curve flattened more through the 2010s. This is explained by increasing vaccinations, improved nutrition, and better access to antibiotics. Moreover, research shows that child mortality decreases when women are more educated. However, further investments in child health programs and education for women are required to continue to reduce global child mortality.

In 2023, the mortality rate of children under five years of age in 336 monitoring sites in China was 6.2 per 1,000 children. In the past three decades, premature deaths of young people in China were substantially reduced, with the mortality rate of children under five dropping by almost 90 percent. Enhanced access to pediatric healthcare services Thanks to China's rapid transformation in the past few decades, the standard of medical services available to Chinese children has improved dramatically. Many children's hospitals throughout China's major cities, as well as a number of pediatric units in general hospitals, have reached highly sophisticated levels. Over the past decade, the number of pediatric ward beds and medical personnel in China has increased enormously, generally meeting the demand for children's care. The control of life-threatening diseases With a more robust healthcare system, many diseases that have long been threatening the lives of Chinese children have been brought under effective control, with the mortality rate from serious diseases such as neonatal tetanus dropping significantly in recent years. However, with disparities between the accessibility and quality of pediatric care in urban and rural areas, children in rural China usually have fewer treatment options when diagnosed with certain conditions. The mortality rates of serious illnesses such as childhood leukemia are often significantly higher in the countryside as a result.

Forecast: Mortality Rate of Children under 5 in China 2022 - 2026 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

The USA: Deaths of male children under five years of age per 1000 live births: The latest value from 2022 is 7 deaths per 1000 births, unchanged from 7 deaths per 1000 births in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 27 deaths per 1000 births, based on data from 187 countries. Historically, the average for the USA from 1960 to 2022 is 15 deaths per 1000 births. The minimum value, 7 deaths per 1000 births, was reached in 2015 while the maximum of 34 deaths per 1000 births was recorded in 1960.

Forecast: Mortality Rate of Children under 5 in Urban Areas in China 2022 - 2026 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

In 2021, Niger had the highest mortality rate among children aged under five years, with an average of around 115 children dying, per one thousand live births, under five years of age. This statistic shows the countries with the highest mortality rate among children aged under five years as of 2021.

Forecast: Mortality Rate of Children under 5 in Rural Areas in China 2022 - 2026 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Indonesia: Deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births: The latest value from 2022 is 21 deaths per 1000 births, a decline from 22 deaths per 1000 births in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 25 deaths per 1000 births, based on data from 187 countries. Historically, the average for Indonesia from 1960 to 2022 is 95 deaths per 1000 births. The minimum value, 21 deaths per 1000 births, was reached in 2022 while the maximum of 229 deaths per 1000 births was recorded in 1965.

Probability of dying at age 5-14 years expressed per 1,000 children aged 5

Background: Under-five mortality remains concentrated in resource-poor countries. Post-discharge mortality is becoming increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to overall child mortality. With a substantial recent expansion of research and novel data synthesis methods, this study aims to update the current evidence base by providing a more nuanced understanding of the burden and associated risk factors of pediatric post-discharge mortality after acute illness. Methods: Eligible studies published between January 1, 2017 and January 31, 2023, were retrieved using MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL databases. Studies published before 2017 were identified in a previous review and added to the total pool of studies. Only studies from countries with low or low-middle Socio-Demographic Index with a post-discharge observation period greater than seven days were included. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for prevalence studies. Studies were grouped by patient population, and 6-month post-discharge mortality rates were quantified by random-effects meta-analysis. Secondary outcomes included post-discharge mortality relative to in-hospital mortality, pooled risk factor estimates, and pooled post-discharge Kaplan–Meier survival curves. PROSPERO study registration: #CRD42022350975. Findings: Of 1963 articles screened, 42 eligible articles were identified and combined with 22 articles identified in the previous review, resulting in 64 total articles. These articles represented 46 unique patient cohorts and included a total of 105,560 children. For children admitted with a general acute illness, the pooled risk of mortality six months post-discharge was 4.4% (95% CI: 3.5%–5.4%, I2 = 94.2%, n = 11 studies, 34,457 children), and the pooled in-hospital mortality rate was 5.9% (95% CI: 4.2%–7.7%, I2 = 98.7%, n = 12 studies, 63,307 children). Among disease subgroups, severe malnutrition (12.2%, 95% CI: 6.2%–19.7%, I2 = 98.2%, n = 10 studies, 7760 children) and severe anemia (6.4%, 95% CI: 4.2%–9.1%, I2 = 93.3%, n = 9 studies, 7806 children) demonstrated the highest 6-month post-discharge mortality estimates. Diarrhea demonstrated the shortest median time to death (3.3 weeks) and anemia the longest (8.9 weeks). Most significant risk factors for post-discharge mortality included unplanned discharges, severe malnutrition, and HIV seropositivity. Interpretation: Pediatric post-discharge mortality rates remain high in resource-poor settings, especially among children admitted with malnutrition or anemia. Global health strategies must prioritize this health issue by dedicating resources to research and policy innovation. Data Processing Methods: Data were extracted using a standard data extraction form developed by the review authors. Kaplan–Meier survival curves, where provided, were extracted using a plot digitizer. The data extraction file, “PDMSR2024_DataExtraction_Dataset_SD” was generated as described above and analyzed as is. Co-ordinates were extracted from the survival curves in their original, published form, using a plot digitizer (https://automeris.io/WebPlotDigitizer/). The co-ordinates for each survival curve were then cleaned up to: 1. Re-scale the time points to weeks 2. Curves which reported % mortality were converted to % survival (1 – mortality) 3. First co-ordinate was set to (0, 1), i.e., survival is 100% at time-point 0 4. Include the numbers at risk (if reported), primary reference, and subgroup information Using these cleaned co-ordinates, individual-level patient data were extracted (see Guyot et al, 2012, doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-12-9) and the survival curves re-constructed to obtain the survival and number at risk at specified time-points (0-52 weeks). Where possible, disease and age subgroups were combined to create all admissions curves by combining the individual-level patient data from multiple curves in the same study. Additional data from the survival curves were extracted to produce the “PDMSR2024_AdditionalDataSurvivalCurves6M_Dataset_SD” and “PDMSR2024_AdditionalDataSurvivalCurves12M_Dataset_SD” files by extracting the survival rate at 6 and 12 months. Previously unpublished hazards ratios were extracted from the dataset used in the Wiens et al (2015) study on post-discharge mortality (doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009449) to produce the “PDMSR2024_Wiens2015HazardsRatios_Dataset_SD.xlsx” file. These original data are published on Dataverse at: doi.org/10.5683/SP2/VBPLRM Analyses were in R version 4.3.0 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria), and RStudio version 2023.6.1 (RStudio, Boston, MA). Additional Files: Survival curves in their original, published form, as well as survival curve coordinates files can be made available by request. NOTE for restricted files: If you are not yet a CoLab member, please complete our membership application survey to gain access to restricted files within 2 business...

Micronesia: Deaths of children five to fourteen years of age per 1000 live births: The latest value from 2022 is 3 deaths per 1000 births, unchanged from 3 deaths per 1000 births in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 3 deaths per 1000 births, based on data from 187 countries. Historically, the average for Micronesia from 1990 to 2022 is 4 deaths per 1000 births. The minimum value, 3 deaths per 1000 births, was reached in 2015 while the maximum of 7 deaths per 1000 births was recorded in 2002.

Japan: Deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births: The latest value from 2022 is 2 deaths per 1000 births, unchanged from 2 deaths per 1000 births in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 25 deaths per 1000 births, based on data from 187 countries. Historically, the average for Japan from 1960 to 2022 is 10 deaths per 1000 births. The minimum value, 2 deaths per 1000 births, was reached in 2020 while the maximum of 40 deaths per 1000 births was recorded in 1960.

Child mortality rate of United States of America remained stable at 6.3 deaths per 1,000 live births over the last 1 years. Under-five mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates.

UNICEF's country profile for Indonesia, including under-five mortality rates, child health, education and sanitation data.

UNICEF's country profile for Brazil, including under-five mortality rates, child health, education and sanitation data.

The number of deaths of children under the age of five. The data is sorted by both sex and total and includes a range of values from 1955 to 2019. A birth-week cohort method is used to calculate the absolute number of deaths among neonates, infants, and children under age 5. First, each annual birth cohort is divided into 52 equal birth-week cohorts. Then each birth-week cohort is exposed throughout the first five years of life to the appropriate calendar year- and age-specific mortality rates depending on cohort age. All deaths from birth-week cohorts occurring as a result of exposure to the mortality rate for a given calendar year are allocated to that year and are summed by age group at death to get the total number of deaths for a given year and age group. The annual estimate of the number of live births in each country comes from the World Population Prospects. This data is sourced from the UN Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. The UN IGME uses the same estimation method across all countries to arrive at a smooth trend curve of age-specific mortality rates. The estimates are based on high quality nationally representative data including statistics from civil registration systems, results from household surveys, and censuses. The child mortality estimates are produced in conjunction with national level agencies such as a country’s Ministry of Health, National Statistics Office, or other relevant agencies.

UNICEF's country profile for Uruguay, including under-five mortality rates, child health, education and sanitation data.

Monaco: Deaths of children five to fourteen years of age per 1000 live births: The latest value from 2022 is 0 deaths per 1000 births, unchanged from 0 deaths per 1000 births in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 3 deaths per 1000 births, based on data from 187 countries. Historically, the average for Monaco from 1990 to 2022 is 1 deaths per 1000 births. The minimum value, 0 deaths per 1000 births, was reached in 2013 while the maximum of 1 deaths per 1000 births was recorded in 1990.

The share of children aged 0 to 14 diagnosed with cancer who died within one year of cancer diagnosis in Russia has overall decreased over the period under consideration, standing at approximately seven percent in 2023. That is, fewer than one in ten individuals aged 14 years or less deceased within one year after being diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm.