In this Economic Commentary , we compare characteristics of the 2000–2006 house-price boom that preceded the Great Recession to the house-price boom that began in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. These two episodes of high house-price growth have important differences, including the behavior of rental rates, the dynamics of housing supply and demand, and the state of the mortgage market. The absence of changes in fundamentals during the 2000s is consistent with the literature emphasizing house-price beliefs during this prior episode. In contrast to during the 2000s boom, changes in fundamentals (including rent and demand growth) played a more dominant role in the 2020s house-price boom.

Discover the booming global housing mortgage market! This comprehensive analysis reveals a $15 trillion market in 2025, projected to reach $23 trillion by 2033, driven by urbanization, rising incomes, and Fintech innovation. Explore regional trends, key players, and future growth forecasts.

Home prices in the U.S. reach new heights The American housing market continues to show remarkable resilience, with the S&P/Case Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index reaching an all-time high of 325.78 in July 2024. This figure represents a significant increase from the index value of 166.24 recorded in January 2015, highlighting the substantial growth in home prices over the past decade. The S&P Case Shiller National Home Price Index is based on the prices of single-family homes and is the leading indicator of the American housing market and one of the indicators of the state of the broader economy. The S&P Case Shiller National Home Price Index series also includes S&P/Case Shiller 20-City Composite Home Price Index and S&P/Case Shiller 10-City Composite Home Price Index – measuring the home price changes in the major U.S. metropolitan areas, as well as twenty composite indices for the leading U.S. cities. Market fluctuations and recovery Despite the overall upward trend, the housing market has experienced some fluctuations in recent years. During the housing boom in 2021, the number of existing home sales reached the highest level since 2006. However, transaction volumes quickly plummeted, as the soaring interest rates and out-of-reach prices led to housing sentiment deteriorating. Factors influencing home prices Several factors have contributed to the rise in home prices, including a chronic supply shortage, the gradual decline in interest rates, and the spike in demand during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the subprime mortgage crisis (2007-2010), the construction of new homes declined dramatically. Although it has gradually increased since then, the number of new building permits, home starts, and completions are still shy from the levels before the crisis. With demand outweighing supply, competition for homes can be fierce, leading to bidding wars and soaring prices. The supply of existing homes is further constrained, as homeowners are less likely to sell and move homes due to the worsened lending conditions.

Discover the booming US mortgage lending market! This in-depth analysis reveals key trends, growth drivers, and forecasts for 2025-2033, including regional breakdowns and leading players like Bank of America and Chase. Explore market segmentation, CAGR projections, and competitive insights. Recent developments include: August 2023: Spring EQ, a provider of home equity financing solutions, has entered into a definitive agreement to be acquired by an affiliate of Cerberus Capital Management, L.P., a global leader in alternative investing. The main aim of the partnership is to support Spring EQ's mission to deliver offerings and expand its leadership in the home equity financing market., June 2023: VIU by HUB, a digital insurance brokerage platform subsidiary of Hub International Limited, has entered into a new partnership with Unison, a home equity-sharing company. The collaboration will allow homeowners to compare insurance coverage quotes from various carriers and receive expert advice throughout the process.. Key drivers for this market are: Home Renovation Trends are Driving the Market. Potential restraints include: Home Renovation Trends are Driving the Market. Notable trends are: Home Equity Lending Market is Being Stimulated By Rising Home Prices.

The home mortgage debt of households and nonprofit organizations amounted to approximately 13.46 trillion U.S. dollars in the first quarter of 2025. Mortgage debt has been growing steadily since 2014, when it was less than ten billion U.S. dollars and has increased at a faster rate since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic due to the housing market boom. Home mortgage sector in the United States Home mortgage sector debt in the United States has been steadily growing in recent years and is beginning to come out of a period of great difficulty and problems presented to it by the economic crisis of 2008. For the previous generations in the United States, the real estate market was quite stable. Financial institutions were extending credit to millions of families and allowed them to achieve ownership of their own homes. The growth of the subprime mortgages and, which went some way to contributing to the record of the highest US homeownership rate since records began, meant that many families deemed to be not quite creditworthy were provided the opportunity to purchase homes. The rate of home mortgage sector debt rose in the United States as a direct result of the less stringent controls that resulted from the vetted and extended terms from which loans originated. There was a great deal more liquidity in the market, which allowed greater access to new mortgages. The practice of packaging mortgages into securities, and their subsequent sale into the secondary market as a way of shifting risk, was to be a major factor in the formation of the American housing bubble, one of the greatest contributing factors to the global financial meltdown of 2008.

Explore the booming Mortgage Loan Service market, driven by digital innovation and increasing homeownership demand. Discover key growth drivers, emerging trends, and regional insights.

Europe's home mortgage finance market is booming, with a projected CAGR exceeding 6% to 2033. Discover key trends, drivers, and challenges impacting this €3 trillion market, featuring analysis of major players like Rocket Mortgage, Barclays, and Deutsche Bank. Explore regional breakdowns and future growth projections. Notable trends are: Increased Number of Salaried Individuals is Driving the Market Growth.

Discover the booming Residential Mortgage Service market! Explore key trends, growth drivers, and leading companies shaping this multi-trillion dollar industry. Learn about regional market share and future projections through 2033. Get insights for investors and industry professionals.

The Federal National Mortgage Association, commonly known as Fannie Mae, was created by the U.S. congress in 1938, in order to maintain liquidity and stability in the domestic mortgage market. The company is a government-sponsored enterprise (GSE), meaning that while it was a publicly traded company for most of its history, it was still supported by the federal government. While there is no legally binding guarantee of shares in GSEs or their securities, it is generally acknowledged that the U.S. government is highly unlikely to let these enterprises fail. Due to these implicit guarantees, GSEs are able to access financing at a reduced cost of interest. Fannie Mae's main activity is the purchasing of mortgage loans from their originators (banks, mortgage brokers etc.) and packaging them into mortgage-backed securities (MBS) in order to ease the access of U.S. homebuyers to housing credit. The early 2000s U.S. mortgage finance boom During the early 2000s, Fannie Mae was swept up in the U.S. housing boom which eventually led to the financial crisis of 2007-2008. The association's stated goal of increasing access of lower income families to housing finance coalesced with the interests of private mortgage lenders and Wall Street investment banks, who had become heavily reliant on the housing market to drive profits. Private lenders had begun to offer riskier mortgage loans in the early 2000s due to low interest rates in the wake of the "Dot Com" crash and their need to maintain profits through increasing the volume of loans on their books. The securitized products created by these private lenders did not maintain the standards which had traditionally been upheld by GSEs. Due to their market share being eaten into by private firms, however, the GSEs involved in the mortgage markets began to also lower their standards, resulting in a 'race to the bottom'. The fall of Fannie Mae The lowering of lending standards was a key factor in creating the housing bubble, as mortgages were now being offered to borrowers with little or no ability to repay the loans. Combined with fraudulent practices from credit ratings agencies, who rated the junk securities created from these mortgage loans as being of the highest standard, this led directly to the financial panic that erupted on Wall Street beginning in 2007. As the U.S. economy slowed down in 2006, mortgage delinquency rates began to spike. Fannie Mae's losses in the mortgage security market in 2006 and 2007, along with the losses of the related GSE 'Freddie Mac', had caused its share value to plummet, stoking fears that it may collapse. On September 7th 2008, Fannie Mae was taken into government conservatorship along with Freddie Mac, with their stocks being delisted from stock exchanges in 2010. This act was seen as an unprecedented direct intervention into the economy by the U.S. government, and a symbol of how far the U.S. housing market had fallen.

Discover the booming mortgage loan service market! This comprehensive analysis reveals key trends, growth drivers, and top companies from 2019-2033, including Rocket Mortgage and Quicken Loans. Learn about market size, CAGR, and regional insights to understand investment opportunities and competitive landscapes.

The application of information technology to finance, or “fintech,” is expected to revolutionize many aspects of borrowing and lending in the future, but technology has been reshaping consumer and mortgage lending for many years. During the 1990s computerization allowed mortgage lenders to reduce loan-processing times and largely replace human-based assessment of credit risk with default predictions generated by sophisticated empirical models. Debt-to-income ratios at origination add little to the predictive power of these models, so the new automated underwriting systems allowed higher debt-to-income ratios than previous underwriting guidelines would have typically accepted. In this way, technology brought about an exogenous change in lending standards, which helped raise the homeownership rate and encourage the conversion of rental properties to owner-occupied ones, but did not have large effects on housing prices. Technological innovation in mortgage underwriting may have allowed the 2000s housing boom to grow, however, because it enhanced the ability of both borrowers and lenders to act on optimistic beliefs about future house-price growth.

Discover the booming China mortgage/loan broker market! With a $33.9B market size in 2025 and a 12.56% CAGR, this report analyzes market drivers, trends, and key players like Bank of China and Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group. Learn about growth opportunities and challenges in this dynamic sector. Key drivers for this market are: Surge in China household Wealth, Increasing Penetration rate among investors. Potential restraints include: Surge in China household Wealth, Increasing Penetration rate among investors. Notable trends are: Change in Monetary factors affecting China Mortgage/Loan Brokers market..

In the second quarter of 2025, the net percentage of respondents who reported that the demand for government residential mortgages increased in the past ***** months was negative ***** percent. This means that the share of industry experts who observed a decline in demand was ******percentage points higher than the share of those who observed a rise in demand. During the housing market boom in the fourth quarter of 2020, this figure amounted to ** percent, showing that industry experts overwhelmingly reported growing demand.

During the 2000s housing bust, Cleveland’s Slavic Village was dubbed “ground zero of the foreclosure crisis” by the national media. Despite this, during the preceding housing boom Cleveland had stable house price growth and relatively low mortgage debt growth, a stark contrast to circumstances in areas such as California that had exceptionally high house price and mortgage debt growth. What explains the relatively minor housing boom and perceived sharp downturn in Cleveland? In this Commentary I show that while subprime debt was a prominent source of debt in Cleveland and especially in its Slavic Village neighborhood during the 2000s, it is difficult to peg subprime debt as playing a causal role in the subsequent foreclosure crisis.

The U.S. mortgage market has declined notably since 2020 and 2021, mostly due to the effect of higher borrowing costs on refinance mortgages. The value of refinancing mortgage originations amounted to 112 billion U.S. dollars in the first quarter of 2025, down from a peak of 851 billion U.S. dollars in the fourth quarter of 2020. The value of mortgage loans for the purchase of a property recorded milder fluctuations, with a value of 272 billion U.S. dollars in the first quarter of 2025. According to the forecast, mortgage lending is expected to slightly increase until the end of 2026. The cost of mortgage borrowing in the U.S. Mortgage interest rates in the U.S. rose dramatically in 2022, peaking in the final quarter of 2024. In 2020, a homebuyer could lock in a 30-year fixed interest rate of under three percent, whereas in 2024, the average rate for the same mortgage type exceeded 6.6 percent. This has led to a decline in homebuyer sentiment and an increasing share of the population pessimistic about buying a home in the current market. The effect of a slower housing market on property prices and rents According to the S&P/Case Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index, housing prices experienced a slight correction in early 2023, as property transactions declined. Nevertheless, the index continued to grow in the following months. On the other hand, residential rents have increased steadily since 2000.

The two house-price booms were driven by different factors, and the nature of mortgage lending has changed as well, according to a new report from the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

Discover the booming European home mortgage finance market! This in-depth analysis reveals a €500B+ market with a CAGR exceeding 6%, driven by demographics, government incentives, and low-interest rates. Explore key trends, segments (home purchase, refinance, providers), and leading companies. Get insights for investment and strategic planning. Recent developments include: November 2022: Rocket Mortgage, the nation's largest mortgage lender and a part of Rocket Companies, today introduced a conventional loan option for Americans interested in purchasing or refinancing a manufactured home., November 2022: The Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB) approved four new loans worth EUR 232.5 million to boost affordable housing and other social sector development. Under this, it offered EUR 25 million in loans to Kosovo to finance the 'Adequate Social Housing Programme' to establish a sustainable social and affordable housing system in the country.. Notable trends are: Increased Number of Salaried Individuals is Driving the Market Growth.

The housing market has been booming, with mortgage lending growing, but the recent hike interest rate rise threatens to stop the residential property market in its tracks.

The global mortgage software market is booming, projected to reach $7 billion by 2033, driven by cloud adoption, regulatory changes, and digital customer preferences. Explore key trends, leading companies, and regional market analysis in this comprehensive report.

Discover the booming US mortgage/loan broker market! Our analysis reveals a CAGR >5%, driven by technological advancements and rising homeownership. Explore market trends, key players (Quicken Loans, Wells Fargo, etc.), and regional insights for 2025-2033. Invest in this lucrative sector today! Recent developments include: November 2022: A digital home equity line of credit was introduced by loanDepot, one of the country's biggest non-bank retail mortgage lenders, against the backdrop of inflation and rising consumer debt., October 2022: Pennymac Financial Services launched POWER+, its next generation broker technology platform. Brokers will now have more speed and control over the mortgage process to deliver an exceptional experience to their customers and referral partners.. Notable trends are: Adoption of the New Technologies Driving the Market.