Following the drastic increase directly after the COVID-19 pandemic, the delinquency rate started to gradually decline, falling below *** percent in the second quarter of 2023. In the second half of 2023, the delinquency rate picked up, but remained stable throughout 2024. In the first quarter of 2025, **** percent of mortgage loans were delinquent. That was significantly lower than the **** percent during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 or the peak of *** percent during the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007-2010. What does the mortgage delinquency rate tell us? The mortgage delinquency rate is the share of the total number of mortgaged home loans in the U.S. where payment is overdue by 30 days or more. Many borrowers eventually manage to service their loan, though, as indicated by the markedly lower foreclosure rates. Total home mortgage debt in the U.S. stood at almost ** trillion U.S. dollars in 2024. Not all mortgage loans are made equal ‘Subprime’ loans, being targeted at high-risk borrowers and generally coupled with higher interest rates to compensate for the risk. These loans have far higher delinquency rates than conventional loans. Defaulting on such loans was one of the triggers for the 2007-2010 financial crisis, with subprime delinquency rates reaching almost ** percent around this time. These higher delinquency rates translate into higher foreclosure rates, which peaked at just under ** percent of all subprime mortgages in 2011.

The foreclosure rate in the United States has experienced significant fluctuations over the past two decades, reaching its peak in 2010 at 2.23 percent following the financial crisis. Since then, the rate has steadily declined, with a notable drop to 0.11 percent in 2021 due to government interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2024, the rate stood slightly higher at 0.23 percent but remained well below historical averages, indicating a relatively stable housing market. Impact of economic conditions on foreclosures The foreclosure rate is closely tied to broader economic trends and housing market conditions. During the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, the share of non-performing mortgage loans climbed significantly, with loans 90 to 180 days past due reaching 4.6 percent. Since then, the share of seriously delinquent loans has dropped notably, demonstrating a substantial improvement in mortgage performance. Among other things, the improved mortgage performance has to do with changes in the mortgage approval process. Homebuyers are subject to much stricter lending standards, such as higher credit score requirements. These changes ensure that borrowers can meet their payment obligations and are at a lower risk of defaulting and losing their home. Challenges for potential homebuyers Despite the low foreclosure rates, potential homebuyers face significant challenges in the current market. Homebuyer sentiment worsened substantially in 2021 and remained low across all age groups through 2024, with the 45 to 64 age group expressing the most negative outlook. Factors contributing to this sentiment include high housing costs and various financial obligations. For instance, in 2023, 52 percent of non-homeowners reported that student loan expenses hindered their ability to save for a down payment.

In 2022, Portugal overturned the sinking mortgage interest rate it had gone through during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The country did not escape from the overall trend of falling mortgage interest rates observed in Europe during the COVID-19 crisis, which positioned national mortgage interest rates at **** percent in the fourth quarter of 2021. Interest rates as a weapon against inflation Even though interest rates are affected by economic growth, monetary policies, the bond market, the stability of lenders, and the overall conditions of the housing market, inflation currently leads the European Central Bank (ECB)’s decisions regarding them. As inflation had been low in Europe since the 2008 financial crisis, the ECB lowered interest rates in an attempt to promote economic growth. However, the economic difficulties brought up by the coronavirus pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war have fueled inflation. To counteract this rise, the ECB increased interest rates. Portugal’s abrupt rise in interest rates on new residential loans from **** percent in 2021 to **** percent in 2023 demonstrates the balanced and calculated act between the two financial indices. High interest rates and low mortgage lending Compared to other European nations, Portugal has a low gross residential mortgage lending. In the third and fourth quarters of 2022, mortgage lending decreased in the country due to rising interest rates and worsening economic conditions, but have increased dramatically until 2024. Despite being in a rising trajectory in terms of outstanding residential mortgage lending since the second quarter of 2021, 2023 registered decreasing figures caused by the same economic contingencies. 2024 shows a different trend, however.

As a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis, many people worldwide faced job insecurity and income disruption. For mortgage borrowers in the United States, this means increased risk of delayed loan repayment, default and foreclosure.

In April 2020, the share of single-family housing mortgages owned by Freddie Mac that were in forbearance and delinquent for 30 days spiked to 44 percent. One year later, as of April 2021, approximately 20 percent of the mortgage loans in forbearance were delinquent for over 180 days.

Graph and download economic data for Delinquency Rate on Single-Family Residential Mortgages, Booked in Domestic Offices, All Commercial Banks (DRSFRMACBS) from Q1 1991 to Q1 2025 about domestic offices, delinquencies, 1-unit structures, mortgage, family, residential, commercial, domestic, banks, depository institutions, rate, and USA.

This dataset contains de-identified transcripts of interviews conducted in Unalakleet, Alaska in from May to August 2021. It does not contain identifiable information of participants. The dataset contains information on personal housing challenges, community housing concerns, preferences for future housing design and construction and climate change impacts. This dataset provides Alaska Native community perspectives regarding housing challenges and solutions using a community-based participatory research approach.

The Federal Reserve established a Main Street Lending Program (Program) to help credit flow to small and medium-sized for-profit businesses and nonprofit organizations that were in sound financial condition before the onset of the COVID-19 crisis, but needed loans to help maintain their operations until they recovered from, or adapted to, the impacts of the pandemic. The Program terminated on January 8, 2021. The Federal Reserve filed these reports with Congress pursuant to section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act concerning the lending facilities established by the Board.

The average price per square foot of floor space in new single-family housing in the United States decreased after the great financial crisis, followed by several years of stagnation. Since 2012, the price has continuously risen, hitting *** U.S. dollars per square foot in 2022. In 2024, the average sales price of a new home exceeded ******* U.S. dollars. Development of house sales in the U.S. One of the reasons for rising property prices is the gradual growth of house sales between 2011 and 2020. This period was marked by the gradual recovery following the subprime mortgage crisis and a growing housing sentiment. Another significant factor for the housing demand was the growing number of new household formations each year. Despite this trend, housing transactions plummeted in 2021, amid soaring prices and borrowing costs. In 2021, the average construction cost for single-family housing rose by nearly ** percent year-on-year, and in 2022, the increase was even higher, at close to ** percent. Financing a house purchase Mortgage interest rates in the U.S. rose dramatically in 2022 and remained elevated until 2024. In 2020, a homebuyer could lock in a 30-year fixed interest rate of under ***** percent, whereas in 2024, the average rate for the same mortgage type was more than twice higher. That has led to a decline in homebuyer sentiment, and an increasing share of the population pessimistic about buying a home in the current market.

In March 2021, Fidesz-KDNP voters felt satisfied with the way the government reacted to the economic crisis caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19). However, respondents who preferred oppositional parties only gave the government's economic crisis management a rating of two points out of five.

This chapter provides details in relation to an estimate, as at end-2021, of the financial cost of the banking stabilisation measures taken by the State following the financial crisis in 2008.

This Web App shows basic information about layers needed for managing data requests related to SB-330 for the unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County, and is called Housing-NET. This Web App shows the following information with hyperlinks to relevant documents:Last Updated April 2025 (Filter applied to Historic Resources layer - was previously showing community survey areas and 'ineligible for nomination' polygons)AboutThe Housing Crisis Act of 2019 is a bill (SB 330) that became effective on January 1, 2020. The bill provides eligible housing development projects streamlined application processing and vesting status when a Preliminary Application is filed. Vesting means a housing development project shall be subject only to the ordinances, policies, and standards adopted and in effect when a Preliminary Application, including all of the information required by Government Code Section 65941.1 is submitted in full. These map layers are provided to help in completing the Preliminary Application form for Los Angeles County Unincorporated Communities. UPDATE HISTORY04/01/2025 - Migrated to Experience BuilderLAYER BACKGROUND INFORMATION Affected Counties (California Department of Housing and Community Development) defined as a Census Designated Place that is wholly within the boundaries of an urbanized area). Based on HCD’s determination, 141 CDPs in 22 counties are identified as affected by the provisions of SB 330.Affected Counties (PDF) A very high fire hazard severity zone (As determined by the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection pursuant to Section 51178)Wetlands (As defined in the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Manual, Part 660 FW 2 (June 21, 1993)).A hazardous waste site (Listed pursuant to Section 65962.5 or a hazardous waste site designated by the Department of Toxic Substances Control pursuant to Section 25356 of the Health and Safety Code).FEMA Flood Zoned – 100 Year Flood [A special flood hazard area subject to inundation by the 1 percent annual chance flood (100-year flood) as determined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency in any official maps published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency].A delineated earthquake fault zone (As determined by the State Geologist in any official maps published by the State Geologist)A stream or other resource that may be subject to a stream bed alteration agreement (Pursuant to Chapter 6, commencing with Section 1600, of Division 2 of the Fish and Game Code)Known Historic and Cultural Resources (Resources listed in unincorporated LA County, California Office of Historic Preservation, National Register of Historic Places)Coastal ZoneLand Use General Plan: Land Use Policy as created by the Los Angeles County General Plan 2035, which provides the policy framework for how and where the unincorporated County will grow through the year 2035. For more information about the General Plan, please click here.Land Use Community/Area Plan: Land Use Policy as created by the various Area / Community / Coastal / Neighborhood Plans in the unincorporated County. For more information about the various plans, please click here. Zoning: For complete information, see Title 22 (Planning and Zoning) of the Los Angeles County Code.For projects in the Coastal Zone OnlyWetlands in the Coastal Zone (As defined in subdivision (b) of Section 13577 of Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations).Environmentally sensitive habitat areas (As defined in Section 30240 of the Public Resources Code).Tsunami run-up zone: Area modeled to be inundated by a tsunami.Additional LayersHousing Element (2021-2029) – Sites Inventory: This layer identifies parcels that are included in the Sites Inventory of the Revised County of Los Angeles Housing Element (2021-2029). The Sites Inventory is comprised of vacant and underutilized sites within unincorporated Los Angeles County that are zoned at appropriate densities and development standards to facilitate housing development during the 2021-2029 Housing Element planning period. For more information about the Sites Inventory and the site selection methodology, please see the Revised County of Los Angeles Housing Element (2021-2029).Housing Element (2021-2029) – Rezoning: This layer identifies parcels that are included in the Rezoning Program of the Revised County of Los Angeles Housing Element (2021-2029). Unincorporated Los Angeles County has an assigned Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) of 90,052 units for the 2021-2029 Housing Element planning period. For more information about the Rezoning Program and the site selection methodology, please see the Revised County of Los Angeles Housing Element (2021-2029).

Corporate investment and other accounting, financial and corporate governance data for 95 Spanish listed companies.

Home prices in the U.S. reach new heights The American housing market continues to show remarkable resilience, with the S&P/Case Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index reaching an all-time high of 325.78 in July 2024. This figure represents a significant increase from the index value of 166.24 recorded in January 2015, highlighting the substantial growth in home prices over the past decade. The S&P Case Shiller National Home Price Index is based on the prices of single-family homes and is the leading indicator of the American housing market and one of the indicators of the state of the broader economy. The S&P Case Shiller National Home Price Index series also includes S&P/Case Shiller 20-City Composite Home Price Index and S&P/Case Shiller 10-City Composite Home Price Index – measuring the home price changes in the major U.S. metropolitan areas, as well as twenty composite indices for the leading U.S. cities. Market fluctuations and recovery Despite the overall upward trend, the housing market has experienced some fluctuations in recent years. During the housing boom in 2021, the number of existing home sales reached the highest level since 2006. However, transaction volumes quickly plummeted, as the soaring interest rates and out-of-reach prices led to housing sentiment deteriorating. Factors influencing home prices Several factors have contributed to the rise in home prices, including a chronic supply shortage, the gradual decline in interest rates, and the spike in demand during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the subprime mortgage crisis (2007-2010), the construction of new homes declined dramatically. Although it has gradually increased since then, the number of new building permits, home starts, and completions are still shy from the levels before the crisis. With demand outweighing supply, competition for homes can be fierce, leading to bidding wars and soaring prices. The supply of existing homes is further constrained, as homeowners are less likely to sell and move homes due to the worsened lending conditions.

This dataset contains de-identified survey data from 26 organizations and 36 people involved in housing services and projects in rural Alaska. These organizations included state and federal government organizations (9 organizations), regional housing authorities (4 organizations), and non-governmental organizations (13 organizations). The file contains questions and data on organizations’ ability to enact adaptation of housing, frequency of inter-organizational communication, and organizational attributes. The data was collected from Fall 2020 to Spring 2021. This study aims to understand the role of organizations in housing in rural Alaska. Through surveys with stakeholders from government organizations, non-profits, and professional firms, this study will provide a deeper understanding of housing concerns, collaboration between organizations and participatory practices of organizations with community-level stakeholders.

The Local Employment Dynamics (LED) Partnership is a voluntary federal-state enterprise created for the purpose of merging employee, and employer data to provide a set of enhanced labor market statistics known collectively as Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI). The QWI are a set of economic indicators including employment, job creation, earnings, and other measures of employment flows. For the purposes of this dataset, LED data for 2018 is aggregated to Census Summary Level 070 (State + County + County Subdivision + Place/Remainder), and joined with the Emergency Solutions Grantee (ESG) areas spatial dataset for FY2018. The Emergency Solutions Grants (ESG), formally the Emergency Shelter Grants, program is designed to identify sheltered and unsheltered homeless persons, as well as those at risk of homelessness, and provide the services necessary to help those persons quickly regain stability in permanent housing after experiencing a housing crisis and/or homelessness. The ESG is a non-competitive formula grant awarded to recipients which are state governments, large cities, urban counties, and U.S. territories. Recipients make these funds available to eligible sub-recipients, which can be either local government agencies or private nonprofit organizations. The recipient agencies and organizations, which actually run the homeless assistance projects, apply for ESG funds to the governmental grantee, and not directly to HUD. Please note that this version of the data does not include Community Planning and Development (CPD) entitlement grantees. LED data for CPD entitlement areas can be obtained from the LED for CDBG Grantee Areas feature service.

To learn more about the Local Employment Dynamics (LED) Partnership visit: https://lehd.ces.census.gov/

Data Dictionary: DD_LED for ESG Grantee Areas

Date of Coverage: ESG-2021/LED-2018 Data Updated: Annually

The Polish government has collectively allocated over 195.4 billion zloty in support for entrepreneurs under the Anti-Crisis Shield as of March 2021.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

The objective of this study is to explore the impact of working capital management on firms’ financial performance in China’s agri-food sector from 2006 to 2021. In addition, we analyze whether this impact is the same during the 2008 financial crisis and the 2020 COVID-19 crisis. Working capital management is measured by working capital investment policy (measured by current assets to total assets ratio), working capital financing policy (measured by current liabilities to total assets ratio), cash conversion cycle, and net working capital ratio. The results reveal that current assets to total assets ratio and net working capital ratio positively influence financial performance measured through return on assets (ROA), while current liabilities to total assets ratio and cash conversion cycle negatively influence ROA. We also find that the relationship between working capital management and financial performance is more affected during COVID-19 than in the 2008 financial crisis. The findings might provide important implications for company managers to make optimal working capital management practices, depending on the economic environment.

Panel of 93 Spanish listed companies with annual data from 2008 to 2015. Suitable for difference-in-differences analysis

Building contractors and developers depend on various socio-economic factors, including property values, underlying sentiment in the housing market, the degree of optimism among downstream businesses and credit conditions. All of these drivers typically track in line with economic sentiment, with recent economic shocks spurring a difficult period for building contractors and developers. Nonetheless, the enduring need for building services, particularly to tackle housing shortages across the continent, ensures a strong foundation of work. Revenue is forecast to decline at a compound annual rate of 2.9% to €1.1 trillion over the five years through 2024. Building construction output recorded strong and consistent growth across Europe in the years leading up to the pandemic, buoyed by rising house prices and a return to economic stability as the effects of the financial crisis faded. Operational and supply chain disruption caused by the pandemic reversed the fortunes of building contractors and developers in 2020, as on-site activity tumbled and downstream clients either cancelled, froze or scaled back investment plans. Aided by the release of pent-up demand and supportive government policy, building construction output rebounded in 2021. Excess demand for key raw materials led to extended lead times during this period, while input costs recorded a further surge as a result of the effects of rapidly climbing energy prices following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Soaring costs and the impact of the economic slowdown on both the housing market and investor sentiment have led to a renewed slowdown in building construction activity across the continent. Revenue is forecast to decline by 1.5% in 2024. Revenue is forecast to increase at a compound annual rate of 4.9% to €1.5 trillion over the five years through 2029. Activity is set to remain sluggish in the medium term, as weak economic growth continues to constrain investor sentiment and high borrowing costs hold back the housing market. Contractors and developers will increasingly rely on public sector support, including measures to boost the supply of new housing as countries seek to tackle severe housing shortages.

The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by June 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic - both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S. - showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached ***** percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by *************, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in ***********, before the first rate cut since ************** occurred in **************. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2023, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.