Following the drastic increase directly after the COVID-19 pandemic, the delinquency rate started to gradually decline, falling below *** percent in the second quarter of 2023. In the second half of 2023, the delinquency rate picked up but remained stable throughout 2024. In the fourth quarter of 2025, **** percent of mortgage loans were delinquent. That was significantly lower than the **** percent during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 or the peak of *** percent during the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007-2010. What does the mortgage delinquency rate tell us? The mortgage delinquency rate is the share of the total number of mortgaged home loans in the U.S. where payment is overdue by 30 days or more. Many borrowers eventually manage to service their loan, though, as indicated by the markedly lower foreclosure rates. Total home mortgage debt in the U.S. stood at almost ** trillion U.S. dollars in 2024. Not all mortgage loans are made equal ‘Subprime’ loans, being targeted at high-risk borrowers and generally coupled with higher interest rates to compensate for the risk. These loans have far higher delinquency rates than conventional loans. Defaulting on such loans was one of the triggers for the 2007-2010 financial crisis, with subprime delinquency rates reaching almost ** percent around this time. These higher delinquency rates translate into higher foreclosure rates, which peaked at just under ** percent of all subprime mortgages in 2011.

Graph and download economic data for Delinquency Rate on Single-Family Residential Mortgages, Booked in Domestic Offices, All Commercial Banks (DRSFRMACBS) from Q1 1991 to Q4 2025 about domestic offices, delinquencies, 1-unit structures, mortgage, residential, commercial, family, domestic, banks, depository institutions, rate, and USA.

Mortgage delinquency rates increased in most states in 2024. That year, the percentage of total mortgage debt that was more than ** days delinquent was the highest in Louisiana, at **** percent. Conversely, Wisconsin and Montana had the lowest delinquency rates, at under **** percent. The overall mortgage delinquency rate in the United States declined since spiking at the beginning of the pandemic, as the U.S. job market rebounded over the course of 2020 and 2021.

Graph and download economic data for Delinquency Rate on Consumer Loans, All Commercial Banks (DRCLACBS) from Q1 1987 to Q4 2025 about delinquencies, commercial, loans, consumer, banks, depository institutions, rate, and USA.

In the third quarter of 2025, roughly **** percent of all consumer loans at commercial banks in the United States were delinquent. The delinquency rate on this type of credit has been rising again since 2021. Loans are delinquent when the borrower does not pay their obligations on time. One of the reasons for the delinquency rate decreasing during the first years of the COVID-19 pandemic was that the personal saving rate in the U.S. soared during that period. What is the trend in consumer credit levels in the United States? Consumer credit refers to the various types of loans and credit extended to individuals for personal use, often to fund everyday purchases or larger expenses. When credit levels rise, it often signals that consumers are more confident in their ability to manage debt and make future payments. After a period of strong growth between 2021 and early 2023, consumer credit in the United States has been growing at a slower pace. By early 2024, consumer credit levels reached over **** trillion U.S. dollars. What is the main channel for acquiring consumer credit? In 2024, the leading type of consumer credit among consumers in the U.S. was credit card bills. Credit card usage in the North American country was substantial and credit card penetration was expected to reach over **** percent by 2029. Car loans ranked next as a common source of consumer credit, while other types of debt, such as medical bills, home equity lines of credit, and personal educational loans, had lower percentages.

ATTOM’s Pre-Foreclosure Data provides a comprehensive nationwide view of Residential Real Estate properties entering financial distress, capturing early-stage foreclosure activity before lender possession occurs. Sourced from public records and collected daily, this dataset delivers timely Foreclosure Data, Mortgage Loans Data, Mortgage Data, and Real Estate Transaction Data across more than 3,000 U.S. counties.

ATTOM defines pre-foreclosure as the first two stages of the foreclosure lifecycle—Default and Auction—representing the period after borrower delinquency but before bank ownership. This dataset includes both mortgage-related and HOA-related pre-foreclosure activity, with mortgage defaults dating back to 2005 and HOA foreclosure records available from 2021 onward.

Foreclosure Lifecycle Coverage

• Stage 1: Default

  • Notice of Default (NOD) in non-judicial states
  • Lis Pendens (LIS) in judicial states

• Stage 2: Auction

  • Public notice of scheduled foreclosure auction
  • Recorded or published depending on state law

Stage 3 foreclosure (bank-owned REO) is excluded from this dataset.

Data Collection Process

• Collected by over 50 aggregators and abstract companies
• Data gathered directly from county sources, both online and in-person
• Includes mortgage defaults initiated by lenders
• Includes HOA defaults initiated by homeowner associations

What the Dataset Includes

• Pre-foreclosure type (mortgage or HOA)
• Recording or publication date
• Situs address and location details
• City, county, state, and ZIP
• Auction date when applicable

What Is Not Included

• Involuntary liens such as tax liens or mechanic’s liens
• Substitution of trustee filings
• Timeshare liens

Coverage

• 27M+ pre-foreclosure records
• 3,002 counties nationwide
• Daily updates aligned with county reporting cycles

Data Quality & Validation

• Instruments are reviewed for foreclosure-specific language
• State-level legal requirements are applied to determine valid records
• No assumptions made based solely on county indexes
• Records are appended to ATTOM’s broader property database for context

ATTOM’s Pre-Foreclosure Data enables organizations to identify early foreclosure signals, analyze distressed property trends, and validate foreclosure activity with confidence across the U.S. residential real estate market.

Delinquency rates for credit cards picked up in 2025 in the United States, leading to the highest rates observed since 2008. This is according to a collection of one of the United States' federal banks across all commercial banks. The high delinquency rates were joined by the highest U.S. credit card charge-off rates since the Financial Crisis of 2008. Delinquency rates, or the share of credit card loans overdue a payment for more than ** days, can sometimes lead into charge-off, or a writing off the loan, after about six to 12 months. These figures on the share of credit card balances that are overdue developed significantly between 2021 and 2025: Delinquencies were at their lowest point in 2021 but increased to one of their highest points by 2025. This is reflected in the growing credit card debt in the United States, which reached an all-time high in 2023. As of Q2 2025, the delinquency rate stands at 3.05%.

Graph and download economic data for Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans, All Commercial Banks (DRCCLACBS) from Q1 1991 to Q4 2025 about credit cards, delinquencies, commercial, loans, banks, depository institutions, rate, and USA.

ATTOM’s Pre-Foreclosure dataset provides comprehensive nationwide visibility into properties entering the early stages of the foreclosure lifecycle. The dataset captures Stage 1 (Default) and Stage 2 (Auction) activity—collectively defined by ATTOM as pre-foreclosure—before a property becomes bank-owned (REO).

Coverage spans nearly 3,000 U.S. counties and includes both mortgage-initiated defaults and HOA-initiated actions, enabling a complete view of distressed property activity. Mortgage-related pre-foreclosure records extend back to 2005, while HOA-related foreclosure activity is available from 2021 onward.

ATTOM sources pre-foreclosure records through a nationwide network of more than 50 aggregators and abstract companies that collect default and auction notices directly from county offices. Records are validated by reviewing the actual foreclosure instruments rather than relying solely on county index classifications, ensuring accurate identification based on state law and document language.

Each record is appended to ATTOM’s broader property database to support property-level analysis, verification, and transaction workflows while excluding non-foreclosure involuntary liens such as tax liens or mechanic’s liens.

As a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis, many people worldwide faced job insecurity and income disruption. For mortgage borrowers in the United States, this means increased risk of delayed loan repayment, default and foreclosure.

In April 2020, the share of single-family housing mortgages owned by Freddie Mac that were in forbearance and delinquent for ** days spiked to ** percent. One year later, as of April 2021, approximately ** percent of the mortgage loans in forbearance were delinquent for over *** days.

United States - Delinquency Rate on Consumer Loans, All Commercial Banks was 2.62% in October of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Delinquency Rate on Consumer Loans, All Commercial Banks reached a record high of 4.85 in April of 2009 and a record low of 1.53 in April of 2021. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Delinquency Rate on Consumer Loans, All Commercial Banks - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on March of 2026.

ATTOM’s Pre-Foreclosure Data delivers a comprehensive, nationwide view of residential properties entering financial distress before lender repossession occurs. The dataset captures both mortgage-related and HOA-related pre-foreclosure activity, providing coverage across nearly 3,000 U.S. counties.

Pre-foreclosure, as defined by ATTOM, includes Stage 1 (Default) and Stage 2 (Auction) of the foreclosure process. Mortgage-related pre-foreclosure records extend back to 2005, while HOA-driven pre-foreclosure activity is available from 2021 forward, enabling both historical analysis and current market monitoring.

Data is collected through a nationwide network of aggregators and abstract companies that source foreclosure records directly from county offices. Mortgage defaults are initiated by lenders when borrowers become delinquent, while HOA defaults are initiated due to unpaid association dues. Auction notices are included where applicable based on state law.

Each valid pre-foreclosure record includes standardized property and event details such as foreclosure type, recording or publication date, situs address, geographic identifiers, and auction date when applicable. Involuntary liens—including tax liens, mechanic’s liens, and substitutions of trustee—are excluded to ensure clarity and consistency.

With daily updates and address-level accuracy, ATTOM Pre-Foreclosure Data supports market analysis, distressed property research, lead generation, risk assessment, and early-stage investment decisioning across the U.S. housing market.

As a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis, many people worldwide faced job insecurity and loss of income. For mortgage borrowers in the United States, this means increased risk of delayed loan repayment, default and foreclosure.

Between ******** and ********, the value of single-family housing mortgages owned by Freddie Mac in the United States that were over *** days delinquent spiked from approximately *** billion U.S. dollars to over **** billion U.S. dollars. Nevertheless, the total value of delinquent loans fell significantly, from roughly **** billion U.S. dollars to approximately **** billion U.S. dollars. A similar trend can be observed with the number of delinquent loans.

Background

Peer-to-peer lending has attracted considerable attention in recent years, largely because it offers a novel way of connecting borrowers and lenders. But as with other innovative approaches to doing business, there is more to it than that. Some might wonder, for example, what makes peer-to-peer lending so different–or, perhaps, so much better–than working with a bank, or why has it become popular in many parts of the world.

Certainly, the industry has witnessed strong growth in recent years. According to Business Insider, transaction volumes in the U.S. and Europe, the world’s leading P2P markets, have expanded at double and, in some cases, triple-digit percentage rates, bolstered by widespread acceptance of doing business online and a supportive regulatory environment.

For investors, "peer-2-peer lending," or "P2P," offers an attractive way to diversify portfolios and enhance long-term performance. When they invest through a peer-to-peer platform, they can profit from an asset class that has proven itself in both good times and bad. Equally important, they can avoid the risks associated with putting all their eggs in one basket, especially at a time when many experts believe that traditional favorites such as stocks and bonds are riskier than ever.

Default risk has long been a significant risk factor to test borrowers’ behaviour in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending. In P2P lending, loans are typically uncollateralized and lenders seek higher returns as compensation for the financial risk they take. In addition, they need to make decisions under information asymmetry that works in favor of the borrowers. In order to make rational decisions, lenders want to minimize the risk of default of each lending decision and realize the return that compensates for the risk.

As in the financial research domain, there are very few datasets available that can be utilized for building and analyzing credit risk models. This dataset will help the research community in building and performing research in the credit risk domain.

Content

This dataset has been retrieved from a publicly available data set of a leading European P2P lending platform, Bondora (https://www.bondora.com/en). The retrieved data is a pool of both defaulted and non-defaulted loans from the time period between February 2009 and July 2021. The data comprises demographic and financial information of borrowers and loan transactions.

Acknowledgements

The dataset has been downloaded from Bondora website

Chile BS: Memo: Defaulted Loan Portfolio data was reported at 8,851,126.000 CLP mn in Dec 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8,871,964.000 CLP mn for Nov 2021. Chile BS: Memo: Defaulted Loan Portfolio data is updated monthly, averaging 6,623,424.000 CLP mn from Jan 2011 (Median) to Dec 2021, with 132 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10,213,057.000 CLP mn in Oct 2020 and a record low of 4,840,681.000 CLP mn in Oct 2012. Chile BS: Memo: Defaulted Loan Portfolio data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Financial Market Commission. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Chile – Table CL.KB: Banking System: Balance Sheet: IAS 39. Includes debtors and their credits for which their recovery is considered remote, since they show an impaired or null ability to pay. Debtors with indications are part of this portfolio evidence of a possible bankruptcy, those that require a forced restructuring of debts and any debtors that presents a delay equal to or greater than 90 days in payment interest or principal.

View quarterly updates and historical trends for US Auto Loans Delinquent by 90 or More Days. from United States. Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York…

The foreclosure rate in the United States has experienced significant fluctuations over the past two decades, reaching its peak in 2010 at **** percent following the financial crisis. Since then, the rate has steadily declined, with a notable drop to **** percent in 2021 due to government interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2025, the rate stood slightly higher at **** percent but remained well below historical averages, indicating a relatively stable housing market. Impact of economic conditions on foreclosures The foreclosure rate is closely tied to broader economic trends and housing market conditions. During the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, the share of non-performing mortgage loans climbed significantly, with loans 90 to 180 days past due reaching *** percent. Since then, the share of seriously delinquent loans has dropped notably, demonstrating a substantial improvement in mortgage performance. Among other things, the improved mortgage performance has to do with changes in the mortgage approval process. Homebuyers are subject to much stricter lending standards, such as higher credit score requirements. These changes ensure that borrowers can meet their payment obligations and are at a lower risk of defaulting and losing their home. Challenges for potential homebuyers Despite the low foreclosure rates, potential homebuyers face significant challenges in the current market. Homebuyer sentiment worsened substantially in 2021 and remained low across all age groups through 2024, with the 45 to 64 age group expressing the most negative outlook. Factors contributing to this sentiment include high housing costs and various financial obligations. For instance, in 2024, ** percent of non-homeowners reported that student loan expenses hindered their ability to save for a down payment.

United States - Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans, Banks Ranked 1st to 100th Largest in Size by Assets was 2.87% in July of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans, Banks Ranked 1st to 100th Largest in Size by Assets reached a record high of 6.87 in April of 2009 and a record low of 1.44 in July of 2021. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans, Banks Ranked 1st to 100th Largest in Size by Assets - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on February of 2026.

According to Cognitive Market Research, The Global Mortgage Insurance market size is USD XX million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.20% from 2024 to 2031.

North America Mortgage Insurance held the major market of more than 40% of the global revenue and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe Mortgage Insurance held the major market of more than 30% of the global revenue and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.7% from 2024 to 2031.
Asia Pacific Mortgage Insurance held the market of around 23% of the global revenue and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.2% from 2024 to 2031
South America Mortgage Insurance market of more than 5% of the global revenue and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.6% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa Mortgage Insurance held the major market of around 2% of the global revenue and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.9% from 2024 to 2031.
The borrower-paid mortgage insurance segment is set to rise due to the growing consumer preference for seamless online experiences, accelerating the adoption of digital and direct channels and enhancing accessibility, transparency, and efficiency in the mortgage insurance market.
Expansion of the real estate sector, risk mitigation strategies by financial institutions, and regulatory compliance, ensuring lenders' protection against borrower defaults.

Various Strategies Adopted by Key Players to Provide Viable Market Output

The expanding real estate sector and the imperative for risk mitigation among financial institutions fuels the mortgage insurance market. With rising homeownership, mortgage insurance becomes pivotal, safeguarding lenders from borrower defaults. Key players employ diverse strategies, including technological advancements for efficient risk assessment, partnerships with financial entities, and product innovation. Enhanced customer-centric solutions, compliance with regulatory changes, and strategic alliances contribute to market growth, ensuring robust risk management and sustained industry competitiveness.

For instance, in September 2022, The National Association of Minority Mortgage Bankers of America and Enact Holdings, Inc., a major provider of private mortgage insurance via its insurance subsidiaries, announced two new programs to help borrowers achieve the dream of homeownership.

(Source: https://content.enactmi.com/2022-09/NAMMBA%20and%20Enact%20Mortgage%20Insurance%20Launch%20Innovative%20Programs%20to%20Aid%20Lenders%20and%20Borrowers.pdf )

Technological Innovations in Data Analytics to Propel Market Growth

Technological innovations in data analytics are revolutionizing the mortgage insurance market by providing advanced risk assessment tools. With sophisticated analytics, insurers can analyze vast datasets, assess borrower creditworthiness more accurately, and tailor insurance products accordingly. This innovation enhances underwriting processes, improves risk management strategies, and fosters more precise pricing models. As a result, the mortgage insurance industry benefits from increased efficiency, reduced risk exposure, and a more responsive approach to market dynamics, ensuring sustainable growth and stability.

For instance, in June 2021, Prima Solutions announced the avoidance of version 9.19 of its cloud-based medium for life and health, Prima L&H. This new version differs from traditional solutions by covering mortgage, health, and life insurance, all in the same system.

(Source: https://www.prima-solutions.com/en/news/prima-solutions-launches-mortgage-insurance-with-the-new-version-of-prima-lh/ )

Market Restraints of the Mortgage Insurance

Key Drivers for Mortgage Insurance

Increasing Real Estate Prices and Minimal Down Payments: As global housing prices rise, a growing number of buyers—particularly first-time homeowners—are seeking mortgage insurance to obtain loans with lower down payments, thereby enhancing market demand.

Government Assistance and Regulatory Requirements: In various nations, regulatory structures and government-supported housing initiatives render mortgage insurance compulsory for high-LTV loans, thereby increasing its utilization among both lenders and borrowers.

Expansion of Urbanization and Middle-Class Growth: Th...

In 2023, the loan default rate in Brazil among men was *** percent, while the default rate for women was *** percent. According to the displayed data, the loan default rate has decreased since 2015, until it rose significantly in 2021 and 2022.