Black mortgage applicants had the highest denial rates in the United States between the first quarter of 2019 and the third quarter of 2023. In the third quarter of 2023, denial rates were ** percent for Black applicants, while Hispanic applicants had the second-highest denial rates at **** percent. For all races, the denial rates significantly fluctuated between 2019 and 2023.

Dataset contains the percent of denied mortgages based on the type of dwelling the applicant is applying for and disaggregated by race. Each cell represents the denial rate within that column's race/ethnicity category's total applications. Data pulled from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, collected by the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, which requires many financial institutions to maintain, report, and publicly disclose information about mortgages.

Black people applying for credit in the United States in 2023 had higher denial rates than any other group. That year, 65 percent of black respondents with a family income of less than 50,000 U.S. dollars had their loan applications denied or approved for less money than requested. Those rates were significantly higher than for White applicants. Applicants in the lowest income group got denied more than applicants in the highest income group, regardless of their race.

This Indicator measures the difference in denial rate of Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) loans by race/ethnicity. The HMDA requires that any loan secured by a lien on a

dwelling made for the purpose of purchasing a home is reportable on an annual basis to the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC), which is the federal reporting agency of the Federal Reserve Board.

Splitgraph serves as an HTTP API that lets you run SQL queries directly on this data to power Web applications. For example:

See the Splitgraph documentation for more information.