In the United States, interest rates for all mortgage types started to increase in 2021. This was due to the Federal Reserve introducing a series of hikes in the federal funds rate to contain the rising inflation. In the fourth quarter of 2024, the 30-year fixed rate rose slightly, to **** percent. Despite the increase, the rate remained below the peak of **** percent in the same quarter a year ago. Why have U.S. home sales decreased? Cheaper mortgages normally encourage consumers to buy homes, while higher borrowing costs have the opposite effect. As interest rates increased in 2022, the number of existing homes sold plummeted. Soaring house prices over the past 10 years have further affected housing affordability. Between 2013 and 2023, the median price of an existing single-family home risen by about ** percent. On the other hand, the median weekly earnings have risen much slower. Comparing mortgage terms and rates Between 2008 and 2023, the average rate on a 15-year fixed-rate mortgage in the United States stood between **** and **** percent. Over the same period, a 30-year mortgage term averaged a fixed-rate of between **** and **** percent. Rates on 15-year loan terms are lower to encourage a quicker repayment, which helps to improve a homeowner’s equity.

Mortgage rates increased at a record pace in 2022, with the 10-year fixed mortgage rate doubling between March 2022 and December 2022. With inflation increasing, the Bank of England introduced several bank rate hikes, resulting in higher mortgage rates. In May 2025, the average 10-year fixed rate interest rate reached **** percent. As borrowing costs get higher, demand for housing is expected to decrease, leading to declining market sentiment and slower house price growth. How have the mortgage hikes affected the market? After surging in 2021, the number of residential properties sold declined in 2023, reaching just above *** million. Despite the number of transactions falling, this figure was higher than the period before the COVID-19 pandemic. The falling transaction volume also impacted mortgage borrowing. Between the first quarter of 2023 and the first quarter of 2024, the value of new mortgage loans fell year-on-year for five straight quarters in a row. How are higher mortgages affecting homebuyers? Homeowners with a mortgage loan usually lock in a fixed rate deal for two to ten years, meaning that after this period runs out, they need to renegotiate the terms of the loan. Many of the mortgages outstanding were taken out during the period of record-low mortgage rates and have since faced notable increases in their monthly repayment. About **** million homeowners are projected to see their deal expire by the end of 2026. About *** million of these loans are projected to experience a monthly payment increase of up to *** British pounds by 2026.

The rate on 15-year fixed rate mortgages in the United States decreased in the period after the Great Recession and reached its lowest level in 2021, followed by a steep increase in the next two years. In the early 1990s, the rate on a 15-year fixed rate mortgage was between six and nine percent. The rate then fell to 2.27 percent in 2021. After the Federal Reserve introduced several bank rate hikes to tackle the rising inflation, the mortgage rate soared to 6.11 percent — the highest rate observed since 2008. The rate for 30-year fixed mortgages and five-year ARM mortgages followed a similar trend.

The average mortgage interest rate decreased in nearly every country in Europe between 2012 and 2021, followed by an increase in response to inflation. In the fourth quarter of 2024, Poland, Hungary, and Romania topped the ranking as the countries with the highest mortgage interest rates in Europe. Conversely, Belgium, Spain, and Italy displayed the lowest interest rates. The UK, which is the country with the largest value of mortgages outstanding, had an interest rate of **** percent.

The average mortgage interest rate in Spain followed a downward trend for almost a decade before increasing dramatically in 2022. In 2023, new housing loans had an average interest rate of 3.74 percent - about three times the interest rate in 2020. Mortgages with a five to 10-year term were the only product which saw rates decline between 2022 and 2023. Why did mortgage rates spike? Macroeconomic factors, such as inflation, economic growth, and fiscal policy, play a major role in determining the cost of a loan. Inflation in Europe started rising in late 2021, largely due to surging energy costs. In Spain, the annual change of the consumer price index peaked at almost 11 percent in July 2023. The European Central Bank has responded by introducing a series of hikes on the key interest rates (main refinancing operations, marginal lending facility, and deposit facility), which have affected lending rates across the European Union. How has the housing market reacted to the interest rate hike? The housing market follows a certain seasonality, with more home sales in the second and fourth quarters of the year. This was also the case in 2022, but the last quarter of the year saw an annual decline. Though compared to previous years, the number of transactions was one of the highest, the annual decrease shows a potential downturn.

The benchmark interest rate in Japan was last recorded at 0.50 percent. This dataset provides - Japan Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The US home loan market, a cornerstone of the American economy, is experiencing robust growth, projected to maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 18% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Low interest rates, particularly in the early part of the forecast period, have historically stimulated borrowing, making homeownership more accessible. A growing population, coupled with increasing urbanization and a persistent demand for housing in key metropolitan areas, further fuels this market's expansion. Government initiatives aimed at supporting homeownership, such as tax incentives and affordable housing programs, also play a significant role. The market is segmented by loan type (purchase, refinance, improvement), source (banks, HFCs), interest rate (fixed, floating), and loan tenure. While refinancing activity might fluctuate based on prevailing interest rates, the underlying demand for home purchases remains strong, particularly in regions with robust job markets and population growth. Competition among lenders, including major players like Rocket Mortgage, LoanDepot, and Wells Fargo, alongside regional and smaller banks, is fierce, resulting in innovative loan products and competitive pricing. However, the market is not without its challenges. Rising inflation and potential interest rate hikes pose a significant risk, potentially dampening demand and increasing borrowing costs. Stringent lending regulations and increased scrutiny of creditworthiness could restrict access to loans for some borrowers. Furthermore, fluctuations in the housing market itself, including supply chain disruptions impacting construction and material costs, can influence the overall growth trajectory. Despite these headwinds, the long-term outlook for the US home loan market remains positive, driven by the fundamental need for housing and ongoing economic expansion in select regions. The diverse segmentation of the market allows for a nuanced understanding of the specific growth drivers and challenges within each segment. For instance, the home improvement loan segment is expected to see strong growth driven by homeowners' increasing desire to upgrade their existing properties. Recent developments include: June 2023: Bank of America Corp has been adding consumer branches in four new U.S. states, it said on Tuesday, bringing its national footprint closer to rival JPMorgan Chase & Co. Bank of America will likely open new financial centers in Nebraska, Wisconsin, Alabama, and Louisiana as part of a four-year expansion across nine markets, including Louisville, Milwaukee, and New Orleans., July 2022: Rocket Mortgage entered the Canadian Market with the acquisition. The company expanded from offering home loans in Ontario at launch to now providing mortgages in every province, primarily from its headquarters in downtown Windsor. The Edison Financial team grew along with the company, starting with just four team members in early 2020 to more than 140 at present.. Key drivers for this market are: Increase in digitization in mortgage lending market, Increase in innovations in software designs to speed up the mortgage-application process. Potential restraints include: Increase in digitization in mortgage lending market, Increase in innovations in software designs to speed up the mortgage-application process. Notable trends are: Growth in Nonbank Lenders is Expected to Drive the Market.

Mortgage credit interest rate, percent in Hungary, March, 2025 The most recent value is 5.73 percent as of March 2025, an increase compared to the previous value of 5.66 percent. Historically, the average for Hungary from January 2000 to March 2025 is 9.24 percent. The minimum of 4.36 percent was recorded in January 2018, while the maximum of 22.44 percent was reached in January 2000. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

The mortgage refinancing market is a dynamic sector experiencing significant growth, driven by fluctuating interest rates and homeowners' desire to lower their monthly payments or access home equity. While precise figures for market size and CAGR are absent from the provided data, a reasonable estimation can be made based on industry trends. Considering the substantial activity in the US market and global economic fluctuations impacting interest rates, a conservative estimate would place the 2025 market size at approximately $500 billion USD. This figure is supported by historical data showing periods of high refinancing activity during interest rate declines. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) likely fluctuates based on macroeconomic factors such as central bank policies and overall economic health. A projected CAGR of 3-5% over the forecast period (2025-2033) would be a realistic assumption, considering the cyclical nature of the refinancing market. Key drivers include consistently low interest rates in certain regions and periods, homeowner demand for better mortgage terms, and the availability of various refinancing options catering to diverse financial needs, such as fixed-rate, adjustable-rate, and cash-out refinancing. Trends show increasing adoption of online platforms and fintech solutions that streamline the refinancing process, along with a growing preference for personalized financial advice. However, restraints include economic uncertainty, potential interest rate hikes, stringent lending criteria, and the inherent complexity involved in the refinancing procedure. Segmentation analysis reveals a substantial portion of the market is dominated by personal refinancing, further highlighting the individual homeowner's crucial role in driving market growth. Major players, including Wells Fargo, Bank of America, and Rocket Companies, are leveraging their established networks and technological advancements to maintain market share in a competitive landscape. The geographical distribution of the refinancing market reflects global economic conditions and varying levels of homeownership. North America, especially the United States, remains a dominant market due to high homeownership rates and a sophisticated financial system. Europe and Asia-Pacific are also significant markets, with growth patterns influenced by regional economic factors and prevailing interest rate environments. The future of the refinancing market will depend largely on interest rate trends, economic stability, and continuous innovations in the fintech sector. Strategic partnerships between traditional lenders and fintech companies are likely to shape market dynamics further. Competitive pressures will push lenders to offer better rates, more flexible terms, and enhanced digital services to cater to the increasingly sophisticated needs of borrowers.

The mortgage lending market is a dynamic sector exhibiting substantial growth potential. While precise figures for market size and CAGR are absent from the provided data, a reasonable estimation can be made considering industry trends. Assuming a conservative market size of $2 trillion in 2025 and a CAGR of 5% (a figure reflecting moderate growth in a mature market), the market is projected to reach approximately $2.5 trillion by 2033. This growth is fueled by several key drivers, including a persistently strong housing market in certain regions, historically low interest rates (although this factor is less influential now due to recent interest rate hikes), and an increasing demand for refinancing options as homeowners seek better terms. Furthermore, technological advancements, such as the rise of online lending platforms and improved digital mortgage applications, are streamlining the process and expanding accessibility. However, the market also faces certain restraints. Rising interest rates represent a significant challenge, potentially dampening demand for new mortgages and refinancing. Stricter lending regulations and increased scrutiny on borrowers’ creditworthiness can also limit growth. Competition within the sector, as evidenced by the numerous large and small players listed (Wells Fargo Bank, Quicken Loans, JPMorgan Chase Bank, etc.), remains intense, requiring lenders to continuously innovate and offer competitive products and services to maintain market share. Finally, economic uncertainties, such as potential recessions, invariably impact the demand for mortgages, potentially slowing down overall market growth. Despite these constraints, the long-term outlook for the mortgage lending market remains positive, driven by ongoing population growth and the persistent need for housing.

Mortgage interest rates in Europe soared in 2022 and remained elevated in the following two years. In many countries, this resulted in interest rates more than doubling. In the UK, the average mortgage interest rate rose from **** percent in 2020 to **** percent in 2023, before falling to **** in 2024. Why did mortgage interest rates increase? Mortgage rates have risen as a result of the European Central Bank (ECB) interest rate increase. The ECB increased its interest rates to tackle inflation. As inflation calms, the ECB is expected to cut rates, which allows mortgage lenders to reduce mortgage interest rates. What is the impact of interest rates on home buying? Lower interest rates make taking out a housing loan more affordable, and thus, encourage homebuying. That can be seen in many countries across Europe: In France, the number of residential properties sold rose in the years leading up to 2021, and fell as interest rates increased. The number of houses sold in the UK followed a similar trend.

Mortgage credit interest rate, percent in Jamaica, April, 2025 The most recent value is 7.53 percent as of April 2025, an increase compared to the previous value of 7.5 percent. Historically, the average for Jamaica from January 1996 to April 2025 is 13.02 percent. The minimum of 6.2 percent was recorded in October 2009, while the maximum of 34.71 percent was reached in May 1996. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

Rates have been trending downward in Canada for the last five years. The ebbs and flows are caused by changes in Canada’s bond yields (driven by Canadians economic developments and international rate movements, particularly U.S. rate fluctuations) and the overnight rate (which is set by the Bank of Canada). As of August 2022, there has been a 225 bps increase in the prime rate, since beginning of year 2022, from 2.45% to 4.70% as of Aug 24th 2022. The following are the historical conventional mortgage rates offered by the 6 major chartered banks in Canada in the past 20 years.

The benchmark interest rate in Brazil was last recorded at 15 percent. This dataset provides - Brazil Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In light of the Bank of Canada’s six interest rate hikes this year, homeowners with a mortgage loan should brace themselves for higher rates at renewal over the next five years. And according to a recent Leger survey conducted on behalf of RATESDOTCA and BNN Bloomberg, 53% of homeowners are already feeling concerned about an increase in payments when their mortgages come up for renewal. While 52% of homeowners have a plan in place to meet those increased payments, half don’t consider shopping the market as part of that plan. In fact, 51% say they don’t plan to change lenders upon renewal, and 9% said they weren’t even aware that switching lenders was possible.https://static.rates.ca/images/BNN_x_RATESDOTCA_Concern_over_mortgage_renewal.width-800.png" width="800">

Graph and download economic data for FOMC Summary of Economic Projections for the Fed Funds Rate, Median (FEDTARMD) from 2025 to 2027 about projection, federal, median, rate, and USA.

The benchmark interest rate in Hong Kong was last recorded at 4.75 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Hong Kong Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Mexico was last recorded at 8 percent. This dataset provides - Mexico Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Direct Real Estate Activities industry have come up against numerous headwinds in recent years, ranging from the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 to the high base rate environment in the years since, which has inflated borrowing costs for potential buyers. This is a sharp contrast to the ultra-low interest environment seen over the decade following the 2008 financial crisis. Still, revenue is forecast to edge upwards at a compound annual rate of 0.6% over the five years through 2025 to €622.9 billion, including an anticipated rise of 0.8% in 2025. Despite weak revenue growth, profitability remains strong, with the average industry profit margin standing at an estimated 18.9% in 2025. Central banks across Europe adopted aggressive monetary policy in the two years through 2023 in an effort to curb spiralling inflation. This ratcheted up borrowing costs and hit the real estate sector. In the residential property market, mortgage rates picked up and hit housing transaction levels. However, the level of mortgage rate hikes has varied across Europe, with the UK experiencing the largest rise, meaning the dent to UK real estate demand was more pronounced. Commercial real estate has also struggled due to inflationary pressures, supply chain disruptions and rising rates. Alongside this, the market’s stock of office space isn’t able to satisfy business demand, with companies placing a greater emphasis on high-quality space and environmental impact. Properties in many areas haven't been suitable due to their lack of green credentials. Nevertheless, things are looking up, as interest rates have been falling across Europe over the two years through 2025, reducing borrowing costs and boosting the number of property transactions, which is aiding revenue growth for estate agents. Revenue is slated to grow at a compound annual rate of 4.5% over the five years through 2030 to €777.6 billion. Economic conditions are set to improve in the short term, which will boost consumer and business confidence, ramping up the number of property transactions in both the residential and commercial real estate markets. However, estate agents may look to adjust their offerings to align with the data centre boom to soak up the demand from this market, while also adhering to sustainability commitments.

In the last five years, the mortgage lending sector has seen negative growth. During this period, industry turnover fell by an average of 3.8% per year, meaning that it is expected to amount to 6.5 billion euros in 2024. This nevertheless corresponds to an increase of 3.1% compared to the previous year. As in all sectors dedicated to the provision of financial services, industry turnover, which in this sector is made up of interest and commission income, was negatively impacted by the low level of interest rates. However, the mortgage banks were able to hold their own comparatively well on the market thanks to their favourable refinancing options. Thanks to their comparatively low default risk, Pfandbriefe have become increasingly popular with institutional investors such as insurers in recent years.Industry sales in 2024 will be influenced by the recent increases in the key interest rate by the European Central Bank (ECB). The sector can also build on the high demand for real estate in Germany, which is primarily based on ongoing urbanisation and positive economic growth. The ECB resumed its bond-buying programme in 2020 and expanded it during the coronavirus crisis, allowing real estate banks to refinance themselves at favourable conditions. At the same time, the price of Pfandbriefe has risen thanks to the increased demand for them, which has had a positive impact on this sector. Competition in the market for property loans will remain strong in 2024, meaning that price competition is likely to intensify in the current year.IBISWorld expects industry turnover to increase by an average of 3.4% annually over the next five years, so that it is likely to amount to 7.7 billion euros in 2029. Interest income in particular is expected to increase due to rising interest rates on the capital markets. However, commission income is likely to fall over the next five years as price competition continues to intensify. The search for ways to increase efficiency is likely to lead to an increased reduction in the number of employees.