Policy interest rates in the U.S. and Europe are forecasted to decrease gradually between 2024 and 2027, following exceptional increases triggered by soaring inflation between 2021 and 2023. The U.S. federal funds rate stood at **** percent at the end of 2023, the European Central Bank deposit rate at **** percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate at **** percent. With inflationary pressures stabilizing, policy interest rates are forecast to decrease in each observed region. The U.S. federal funds rate is expected to decrease to *** percent, the ECB refi rate to **** percent, the Bank of England bank rate to **** percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate to **** percent by 2025. An interesting aspect to note is the impact of these interest rate changes on various economic factors such as growth, employment, and inflation. The impact of central bank policy rates The U.S. federal funds effective rate, crucial in determining the interest rate paid by depository institutions, experienced drastic changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The subsequent slight changes in the effective rate reflected the efforts to stimulate the economy and manage economic factors such as inflation. Such fluctuations in the federal funds rate have had a significant impact on the overall economy. The European Central Bank's decision to cut its fixed interest rate in June 2024 for the first time since 2016 marked a significant shift in attitude towards economic conditions. The reasons behind the fluctuations in the ECB's interest rate reflect its mandate to ensure price stability and manage inflation, shedding light on the complex interplay between interest rates and economic factors. Inflation and real interest rates The relationship between inflation and interest rates is critical in understanding the actions of central banks. Central banks' efforts to manage inflation through interest rate adjustments reveal the intricate balance between economic growth and inflation. Additionally, the concept of real interest rates, adjusted for inflation, provides valuable insights into the impact of inflation on the economy.

Fixed 30-year mortgage rates in the United States averaged 6.84 percent in the week ending June 13 of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States MBA 30-Yr Mortgage Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Graph and download economic data for 15-Year Fixed Rate Mortgage Average in the United States (MORTGAGE15US) from 1991-08-30 to 2025-06-18 about 15-year, fixed, mortgage, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

The Dutch Central Bank (DNB) estimated that the growth of mortgage lending will slow down in 2023 and 2024, after originations rose by 3.5 percent in 2022. That can be explained with the accelerated house price growth in recent years and the higher interest rates, eroding housing affordability. Within Europe, the Netherlands counts as one of the countries with the highest mortgage debt among private individuals. This has a political background as the Dutch tax system allowed homeowners to deduct interest paid on mortgage from pre-tax income for a maximum period of thirty year, essentially allowing for income support for homeowners. In the Netherlands, this system is known as hypotheekrenteaftrek.

The benchmark interest rate in Norway was last recorded at 4.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Norway Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Mortgage interest rates worldwide varied greatly in 2024, from less than four percent in many European countries, to as high as 44 percent in Turkey. The average mortgage rate in a country depends on the central bank's base lending rate and macroeconomic indicators such as inflation and forecast economic growth. Since 2022, inflationary pressures have led to rapid increase in mortgage interest rates. Which are the leading mortgage markets? An easy way to estimate the importance of the mortgage sector in each country is by comparing household debt depth, or the ratio of the debt held by households compared to the county's GDP. In 2023, Switzerland, Australia, and Canada had some of the highest household debt to GDP ratios worldwide. While this indicator shows the size of the sector relative to the country’s economy, the value of mortgages outstanding allows to compare the market size in different countries. In Europe, for instance, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France were the largest mortgage markets by outstanding mortgage lending. Mortgage lending trends in the U.S. In the United States, new mortgage lending soared in 2021. This was largely due to the growth of new refinance loans that allow homeowners to renegotiate their mortgage terms and replace their existing loan with a more favorable one. Following the rise in interest rates, the mortgage market cooled, and refinance loans declined.

Interactive historical chart showing the 30 year fixed rate mortgage average in the United States since 1971.

Mexico Interest Rates on Household Credit: Mortgage Rate: Minimum data was reported at 9.360 % pa in Mar 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 9.360 % pa for Feb 2025. Mexico Interest Rates on Household Credit: Mortgage Rate: Minimum data is updated monthly, averaging 10.150 % pa from Dec 2004 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 244 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.490 % pa in Jun 2005 and a record low of 7.000 % pa in Oct 2021. Mexico Interest Rates on Household Credit: Mortgage Rate: Minimum data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Mexico. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.M006: Household Credit Interest Rates.

NB Forecast: Mortgage Rate data was reported at 4.480 % in Dec 2028. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.510 % for Sep 2028. NB Forecast: Mortgage Rate data is updated quarterly, averaging 2.990 % from Jun 2015 (Median) to Dec 2028, with 55 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.700 % in Sep 2024 and a record low of 1.810 % in Dec 2021. NB Forecast: Mortgage Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Norges Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Norway – Table NO.M006: Money Market and Key Policy Rates: Forecast: Norges Bank.

The benchmark interest rate in China was last recorded at 3 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - China Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Key information about Germany Long Term Interest Rate

• Germany Long Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Germany: ECB Harmonised was reported at 2.41 % pa in Feb 2025, compared with 2.48 % pa in the previous month.
• Germany Long Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1990 to Feb 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 9.09 % pa in Oct 1990 and a record low of -0.65 % pa in Aug 2019.
• Long Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by CEIC Data.

• In the latest reports, Germany Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.57 % pa in Nov 2021.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 2.90 % pa in Feb 2025.
• Germany Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.92 (USD/EUR) in Jun 2023.

The benchmark interest rate in Sweden was last recorded at 2.25 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Sweden Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Graph and download economic data for 30-Year Fixed Rate FHA Mortgage Index (OBMMIFHA30YF) from 2017-01-03 to 2025-06-20 about FHA, 30-year, fixed, mortgage, rate, indexes, and USA.

Mortgage rates increased at a record pace in 2022, with the **-year fixed mortgage rate doubling between March 2022 and December 2022. With inflation increasing, the Bank of England introduced several bank rate hikes, resulting in higher mortgage rates. In April 2025, the average **-year fixed rate interest rate reached **** percent. As borrowing costs get higher, demand for housing is expected to decrease, leading to declining market sentiment and slower house price growth. How have the mortgage hikes affected the market? After surging in 2021, the number of residential properties sold declined in 2022, reaching close to *** million. Despite the number of transactions falling, this figure was higher than the period before the COVID-19 pandemic. The falling transaction volume also impacted mortgage borrowing. Between the first quarter of 2023 and the first quarter of 2024, the value of new mortgage loans fell year-on-year for five straight quarters in a row. How are higher mortgages affecting homebuyers? Homeowners with a mortgage loan usually lock in a fixed rate deal for two to ten years, meaning that after this period runs out, they need to renegotiate the terms of the loan. Many of the mortgages outstanding were taken out during the period of record-low mortgage rates and have since faced notable increases in their monthly repayment. About **** million homeowners are projected to see their deal expire by the end of 2026. About *** million of these loans are projected to experience a monthly payment increase of up to *** British pounds by 2026.

The benchmark interest rate in Japan was last recorded at 0.50 percent. This dataset provides - Japan Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about Spain Long Term Interest Rate

• Spain Long Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Spain: ECB Harmonised was reported at 3.10 % pa in Feb 2025, compared with 3.17 % pa in the previous month.
• Spain Long Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from Nov 1991 to Feb 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 13.00 % pa in Oct 1992 and a record low of 0.04 % pa in Dec 2020.
• Long Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by CEIC Data.

• In the latest reports, Spain Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.57 % pa in Nov 2021.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 2.90 % pa in Feb 2025.
• Spain Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.92 (USD/EUR) in Jun 2023.

Fannie Mae: ytd: Risk Management Derivatives: Net Contractual Interest Expense on Interest-Rate Swaps data was reported at -964.000 USD mn in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of -713.000 USD mn for Sep 2024. Fannie Mae: ytd: Risk Management Derivatives: Net Contractual Interest Expense on Interest-Rate Swaps data is updated quarterly, averaging -453.000 USD mn from Dec 2011 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 50 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16.000 USD mn in Dec 2021 and a record low of -2.187 USD bn in Dec 2011. Fannie Mae: ytd: Risk Management Derivatives: Net Contractual Interest Expense on Interest-Rate Swaps data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal National Mortgage Association. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.EB109: Derivatives Fair Value Gains or Losses: Federal National Mortgage Association, Fannie Mae.

Mortgage Rate: Average: First Time Buyer: Gansu: Lanzhou data was reported at 5.280 % pa in Jun 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 5.260 % pa for May 2021. Mortgage Rate: Average: First Time Buyer: Gansu: Lanzhou data is updated monthly, averaging 5.260 % pa from Apr 2021 (Median) to Jun 2021, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.280 % pa in Jun 2021 and a record low of 5.260 % pa in May 2021. Mortgage Rate: Average: First Time Buyer: Gansu: Lanzhou data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Rong 360 BigData Research Institute. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Money Market, Interest Rate, Yield and Exchange Rate – Table CN.MA: Rediscount and Lending Rate: Mortgage. contact us
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Graph and download economic data for 30-Year Fixed Rate Jumbo Mortgage Index (OBMMIJUMBO30YF) from 2017-01-03 to 2025-06-23 about jumbo, 30-year, fixed, mortgage, rate, indexes, and USA.

Key information about Netherlands Long Term Interest Rate

• Netherlands Long Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Netherlands: ECB Harmonised was reported at 2.63 % pa in Feb 2025, compared with 2.73 % pa in the previous month.
• Netherlands Long Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from Apr 1986 to Feb 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 9.21 % pa in Oct 1990 and a record low of -0.55 % pa in Dec 2020.
• Long Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by CEIC Data.

• In the latest reports, Netherlands Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.57 % pa in Nov 2021.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 2.90 % pa in Feb 2025.
• Netherlands Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.92 (USD/EUR) in Jun 2023.