The average mortgage interest rate decreased in nearly every country in Europe between 2012 and 2021, followed by an increase in response to inflation. In the fourth quarter of 2024, Poland, Hungary, and Romania topped the ranking as the countries with the highest mortgage interest rates in Europe. Conversely, Belgium, Spain, and Italy displayed the lowest interest rates. The UK, which is the country with the largest value of mortgages outstanding, had an interest rate of **** percent.

Graph and download economic data for 15-Year Fixed Rate Mortgage Average in the United States (MORTGAGE15US) from 1991-08-30 to 2025-07-10 about 15-year, fixed, mortgage, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

The rate on 15-year fixed rate mortgages in the United States decreased in the period after the Great Recession and reached its lowest level in 2021, followed by a steep increase in the next two years. In the early 1990s, the rate on a 15-year fixed rate mortgage was between six and nine percent. The rate then fell to 2.27 percent in 2021. After the Federal Reserve introduced several bank rate hikes to tackle the rising inflation, the mortgage rate soared to 6.11 percent — the highest rate observed since 2008. The rate for 30-year fixed mortgages and five-year ARM mortgages followed a similar trend.

Bank Lending Rate in India remained unchanged at 9.77 percent in June. This dataset provides - India Prime Lending Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Mortgage interest rates in the UK were on a downward trend for more than a decade before soaring in 2022. In the fourth quarter of 2024, the average weighted interest rate stood at **** percent — nearly ***** times the interest rate in the fourth quarter of 2021. Mortgage rates also vary depending on the type of mortgage: Historically, fixed rate mortgages with a shorter term had on average lower interest rates. What types of mortgages are there? In terms of the type of interest rate, mortgages can be fixed and variable. A fixed interest rate is simply a mortgage where the rate of repayment is fixed, while a variable rate depends on the lender’s underlying variable interest rate. Furthermore, mortgages could be for a house purchase or for refinancing. The vast majority of mortgages in the UK are fixed rate mortgages for house purchase, and only a small share is for remortgaging. How big is the UK mortgage market? The UK has the largest mortgage market in Europe, amounting to nearly ***billion euros in gross residential mortgage lending as of the second quarter of 2023. When comparing the total outstanding residential mortgage lending, the UK also ranks first with about *** trillion euros.

Graph and download economic data for Large Bank Consumer Mortgage Balances: 90 or More Days Past Due: Including Foreclosures Rates: Balances Based (RCMFLBBALDPDPCT90P) from Q3 2012 to Q4 2024 about 90 days +, FR Y-14M, large, balance, mortgage, consumer, banks, depository institutions, rate, and USA.

Tonga: Interest rates on bank credit to the private sector: The latest value from 2023 is 7.74 percent, a decline from 7.86 percent in 2022. In comparison, the world average is 14.19 percent, based on data from 83 countries. Historically, the average for Tonga from 2012 to 2023 is 8.27 percent. The minimum value, 7.74 percent, was reached in 2023 while the maximum of 9.93 percent was recorded in 2012.

Graph and download economic data for Expenditures: Mortgage Interest and Charges by Education: Total, Less Than College Graduate (CXUOWNMORTGLB1302M) from 1996 to 2012 about no college, mortgage, expenditures, education, interest, and USA.

Mortgage interest rates in Italy decreased substantially between 2013 and 2021 before rising in the following years. As of the fourth quarter of 2024, the mortgage interest rates amounted to **** percent — lower than the rate in the same period in the previous year. A slowly recovering market Despite not reaching the pre-crisis levels, an increase in the number of transactions in the residential real estate market as well as the volume of mortgages stipulated for house purchase indicate a positive trend for the sector in Italy. Homeownership in Italy reached **** percent in 2021, one of the highest rates in Western Europe. Low interest rates, especially when compared to other European countries, and decreasing house prices led to a renewed interest in the real estate market in Italy. Milan, an attractive destination for investments In recent years, more than in the past, thanks to its role as a capital of business and finance as well as an innovation hub, Milan was able to attract human capital and investments, both domestic and foreign. This ability to grow and innovate was also reflected in the real estate market, which was the most dynamic in the country. Transactions in residential real estate in Milan increased steadily since 2012, except for 2020, and so did prices: some areas of the city are among the most expensive in the country to buy a property.

Mortgage credit interest rate, percent in Bosnia and Herzegovina, September, 2024 The most recent value is 4.43 percent as of September 2024, an increase compared to the previous value of 4.34 percent. Historically, the average for Bosnia and Herzegovina from January 2012 to September 2024 is 5.08 percent. The minimum of 3.45 percent was recorded in April 2019, while the maximum of 7.94 percent was reached in November 2012. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

The average mortgage interest rate in France declined for almost a decade before increasing dramatically in 2022. As of January 2023, new housing loans had an average interest rate of 2.2 percent - about twice higher than the year before. This trend was observed in most countries across Europe.

How has the mortgage reacted to the interest rate hike? The value of new mortgage lending in France decreased notably in the third quarter of 2022, possibly as a response to the higher lending costs. Additionally, soaring inflation has also played a major role in decreasing home buyer sentiment by eroding savings and the purchasing power of prospective home buyers.

How have house prices reacted to the change? Though house prices have steadily increased since 2016, the growth was the highest in the third quarter of 2021 when the house price index jumped from 122 to 134 index points. In 2022, the increase of residential real estate prices slowed down, with a forecast to turn negative in 2023. According to a July 2022 forecast, house prices are set to decline by four percent in 2023.

August 2024 marked a significant shift in the UK's monetary policy, as it saw the first reduction in the official bank base interest rate since August 2023. This change came after a period of consistent rate hikes that began in late 2021. In a bid to minimize the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Bank of England cut the official bank base rate in March 2020 to a record low of *** percent. This historic low came just one week after the Bank of England cut rates from **** percent to **** percent in a bid to prevent mass job cuts in the United Kingdom. It remained at *** percent until December 2021 and was increased to one percent in May 2022 and to **** percent in October 2022. After that, the bank rate increased almost on a monthly basis, reaching **** percent in August 2023. It wasn't until August 2024 that the first rate decrease since the previous year occurred, signaling a potential shift in monetary policy. Why do central banks adjust interest rates? Central banks, including the Bank of England, adjust interest rates to manage economic stability and control inflation. Their strategies involve a delicate balance between two main approaches. When central banks raise interest rates, their goal is to cool down an overheated economy. Higher rates curb excessive spending and borrowing, which helps to prevent runaway inflation. This approach is typically used when the economy is growing too quickly or when inflation is rising above desired levels. Conversely, when central banks lower interest rates, they aim to encourage borrowing and investment. This strategy is employed to stimulate economic growth during periods of slowdown or recession. Lower rates make it cheaper for businesses and individuals to borrow money, which can lead to increased spending and investment. This dual approach allows central banks to maintain a balance between promoting growth and controlling inflation, ensuring long-term economic stability. Additionally, adjusting interest rates can influence currency values, impacting international trade and investment flows, further underscoring their critical role in a nation's economic health. Recent interest rate trends Between 2021 and 2024, most advanced and emerging economies experienced a period of regular interest rate hikes. This trend was driven by several factors, including persistent supply chain disruptions, high energy prices, and robust demand pressures. These elements combined to create significant inflationary trends, prompting central banks to raise rates in an effort to temper spending and borrowing. However, in 2024, a shift began to occur in global monetary policy. The European Central Bank (ECB) was among the first major central banks to reverse this trend by cutting interest rates. This move signaled a change in approach aimed at addressing growing economic slowdowns and supporting growth.

Mortgage credit interest rate, percent in Serbia, March, 2025 The most recent value is 9.91 percent as of March 2025, a decline compared to the previous value of 9.94 percent. Historically, the average for Serbia from September 2010 to March 2025 is 9.74 percent. The minimum of 5.28 percent was recorded in February 2019, while the maximum of 15.7 percent was reached in October 2012. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

Mortgage rates increased at a record pace in 2022, with the 10-year fixed mortgage rate doubling between March 2022 and December 2022. With inflation increasing, the Bank of England introduced several bank rate hikes, resulting in higher mortgage rates. In May 2025, the average 10-year fixed rate interest rate reached **** percent. As borrowing costs get higher, demand for housing is expected to decrease, leading to declining market sentiment and slower house price growth. How have the mortgage hikes affected the market? After surging in 2021, the number of residential properties sold declined in 2023, reaching just above *** million. Despite the number of transactions falling, this figure was higher than the period before the COVID-19 pandemic. The falling transaction volume also impacted mortgage borrowing. Between the first quarter of 2023 and the first quarter of 2024, the value of new mortgage loans fell year-on-year for five straight quarters in a row. How are higher mortgages affecting homebuyers? Homeowners with a mortgage loan usually lock in a fixed rate deal for two to ten years, meaning that after this period runs out, they need to renegotiate the terms of the loan. Many of the mortgages outstanding were taken out during the period of record-low mortgage rates and have since faced notable increases in their monthly repayment. About **** million homeowners are projected to see their deal expire by the end of 2026. About *** million of these loans are projected to experience a monthly payment increase of up to *** British pounds by 2026.

Graph and download economic data for Expenditures: Mortgage Interest and Charges by Education: Bachelor's Degree (CXUOWNMORTGLB1308M) from 1996 to 2012 about mortgage, tertiary schooling, expenditures, education, interest, and USA.

Mortgage rates in the Netherlands increased sharply in 2022 and 2023, after declining gradually between 2008 and 2021. In December 2022, the average interest rate for new mortgage loans stood at **** percent, and by the end of 2023, it had risen to **** percent. The 10-year interest rate was the lowest, at **** percent; the floating and less than one-year interest rates amounted to **** and **** percent, respectively. In early 2024, mortgage rates decreased notably. Are mortgage rates in the Netherlands different from those in other European countries? When comparing this ranking to data that covers multiple European countries, the Netherlands’ mortgage rate was similar to the rates found in Spain, the United Kingdom, and Sweden. It was, however, a lot lower than the rates in Eastern Europe. Hungary and Romania, for example, had some of the highest mortgage rates. For more information on the European mortgage market and how much the countries differ from each other, please visit this dedicated research page. How big is the mortgage market in the Netherlands? The Netherlands has overall seen an increase in the number of mortgage loans sold and is regarded as one of the countries with the highest mortgage debt in Europe. The reason behind this is that Dutch homeowners were able to for many years to deduct interest paid from pre-tax income (a system known in the Netherlands as hypotheekrenteaftrek). Total mortgage debt of Dutch households has been increasing year-on-year since 2013.

The Netherlands: Interest rates on bank credit to the private sector: The latest value from 2013 is 1.5 percent, a decline from 1.63 percent in 2012. In comparison, the world average is 11.36 percent, based on data from 138 countries. Historically, the average for the Netherlands from 1999 to 2013 is 3.16 percent. The minimum value, 1.5 percent, was reached in 2013 while the maximum of 5 percent was recorded in 2001.

Tonga: Bank lending-deposit interest rate spread : The latest value from 2020 is 5.76 interest rate points, a decline from 5.78 interest rate points in 2019. In comparison, the world average is 6.59 interest rate points, based on data from 93 countries. Historically, the average for Tonga from 2012 to 2020 is 5.64 interest rate points. The minimum value, 4.79 interest rate points, was reached in 2016 while the maximum of 6.81 interest rate points was recorded in 2012.

The U.S. mortgage market has declined notably since 2020 and 2021, mostly due to the effect of higher borrowing costs on refinance mortgages. The value of refinancing mortgage originations, amounted to 190 billion U.S. dollars in the fourth quarter of 2024, down from a peak of 851 billion U.S. dollars in the fourth quarter of 2020. The value of mortgage loans for the purchase of a property recorded milder fluctuations, with a value of 304 billion U.S. dollars in the fourth quarter of 2024. According to the forecast, mortgage lending is expected to slightly increase until the end of 2026. The cost of mortgage borrowing in the U.S. Mortgage interest rates in the U.S. rose dramatically in 2022, peaking in the final quarter of 2024. In 2020, a homebuyer could lock in a 30-year fixed interest rate of under three percent, whereas in 2024, the average rate for the same mortgage type exceeded 6.6 percent. This has led to a decline in homebuyer sentiment, and an increasing share of the population pessimistic about buying a home in the current market. The effect of a slower housing market on property prices and rents According to the S&P/Case Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index, housing prices experienced a slight correction in early 2023, as property transactions declined. Nevertheless, the index continued to grow in the following months. On the other hand, residential rents have increased steadily since 2000.

Paraguay: Bank lending-deposit interest rate spread : The latest value from 2017 is 14.14 interest rate points, a decline from 14.32 interest rate points in 2016. In comparison, the world average is 7.14 interest rate points, based on data from 110 countries. Historically, the average for Paraguay from 1994 to 2017 is 22.04 interest rate points. The minimum value, 13.24 interest rate points, was reached in 2012 while the maximum of 41.94 interest rate points was recorded in 2003.