Abstract

The National Sample Survey (NSS) is a collection of micro data with information on: - Employment & unemployment - Household consumer expenditure - Housing condition survey - Domestic tourism - Unorganized service sector - Agricultural and non-agricultural enterprises - And more The NSS is one of the oldest household surveys in the world and has been collected since 1950. More than 79 rounds of data have been collected by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation so far.

Documentation

Please visit the NSS data portal and the data catalogue of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation of the Government of India.

Methodology

Surveys have been collected in rural and urban areas in India and can be considered nationally and subnationally representative. With increasing demand for disaggregated information NSS rounds became either "thick" rounds (quinquennial) on a larger sample of households and "thin" rounds in between those five years surveying about 35-40% of the "thick" sample. Topics are also rotated so that certain modules are only available in particular rounds. Over time the data collection procedures have varied and thus make cross-survey comparability limited, especially around the 55th round.

This dataset presents national-level literacy rates, compiled from multiple official sources, including the National Sample Survey (NSS), Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), Population Census, National Family Health Survey (NFHS), and data published by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).

It provides literacy rates disaggregated by gender, region (urban and rural), and age group. The inclusion of age groups is essential, as the criteria for calculating literacy rates have changed over time. To allow consistent comparisons across sources and years, an ‘age group’ column is included in the dataset. In general, literacy is assessed based on whether a person above a specified age can read and write a simple message with understanding in at least one language. The age specified as per these sources is as follows:

Census: Population aged 7 years and above (used since 1981; previously, it was 5 years and above). Data is available for 1951, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001, and 2011 NSS: Population aged 5 years and above. Data is available for 2005, 2007-08, 2010, 2011-12, 2014, and 2017-18 PLFS: Survey typically covers population aged 15 years and above, but literacy data is also available for 5 years and above and 7 years and above. Data is available for 2017-18 to 2023-24. NFHS: Covers population aged 15–49 years only. Literacy rate refers to women and men who have completed standard 6, 9, or higher, or those who can read a full or partial sentence among individuals assumed to be literate. Data is available for 2005-06, 2015-16, and 2019-21. MoSPI: Follows the NSS age criteria, usually 5 years and above. Data is available for 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, and 2011

Abstract

National Statistical Office (NSO) of India will be conducting Annual Survey on Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) 2023-24 during October 2023 to September 2024.

Objective of Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) 2023-24

Objective of Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) is to exclusively measure various economic and operational characteristics of unincorporated non-agricultural establishments pertaining to manufacturing, trade and other services sector (excluding construction). The unit of enquiry of the ASUSE is an ‘establishment’. The main indicators of this survey are various economic characteristics such as, estimated number of establishments, estimated number of workers, GVA per worker, GVA per establishment, emoluments per hired worker, etc. Besides, it also collects information on different types of operational characteristics such as type of ownership, type of location of the establishment, nature of operation, registration status, use of ICT, etc. However, while generating estimates from unit level data, the user should take into account the fact that any study variable created by the user as a combination of two or more operational characteristics (for example, whether the establishment is an NPI and maintaining audited books of accounts) may result in very few sample observations in that domain and hence, can produce estimates which may not be reliable. Besides the study variable, the survey has also gathered auxiliary information on the item 1401 - “Income of the establishment from the entrepreneurial activity(ies) (excluding all kind of agricultural income)” in Block 14. The sole purpose of gathering on this item was to check the internal consistency and validation of the data and not to compile estimates/indicators based on this information. While using the estimates for the Union Territories and smaller States, it may be kept in mind that the sample sizes for them may not be adequate enough for getting sufficiently reliable estimates and interpretation thereof should be made with caution. Similarly, while interpreting the results using estimates at much deeper cross-sectional level (e.g. district level), data users must keep in mind the inadequacy, if any, of the corresponding domain specific samples before arriving at any conclusion. Renting of building for residential purpose was included in coverage of activities in ASUSE 2023-24 under a special NIC code 68108 which was not collected in ASUSE 2022-23. A separate table has been presented in the report providing the estimated number of establishments and workers in different States/UTs engaged in the activity of renting for residential purpose. However, estimates presented in this report in all other tables and statements exclude those establishments.

Comparability of ASUSE 2023-24 with previous ASUSE:

There has been some change in the treatment of "teachers providing tuition" and "individuals serving as housemaids, cooks, gardeners, governesses, babysitters, chowkidars, night watchmen, etc." in ASUSE 2023-24 in comparison to ASUSE 2022-23 or ASUSE 2021-22. Teachers providing tuitions to students by visiting the households of students in lieu of fixed remuneration was treated as out of coverage in earlier ASUSE (2021-22 and 2022-23). However, in ASUSE 2023-24, they were considered within coverage. Similarly, the individuals serving as housemaids, cooks, gardeners, governess, babysitters, chowkidars, night watchman, etc. to a number of households/establishments for activities like grooming of the floor, dusting, cleaning of utensils were treated as self-employed and were covered in ASUSE 2023-24 but not in ASUSE 2021-22 and ASUSE 2022-23. Users may take due cognizance of this fact while using the data for comparison purposes.

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the rural and urban areas of whole of India (except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which are difficult to access). The definitions of urban and rural areas as per census 2011 are given below:

Urban: Constituents of urban area are Statutory Towns, Census Towns and Outgrowths.

Statutory Town (ST): All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified towns area committee, etc.

Census Town (CT): Places that satisfy the following criteria are termed as Census Towns (CTs). a. A minimum population of 5000 b. At least 75% of the male main working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits c. A density of population of at least 400 per sq.km.

Out Growth (OG): Out Growth should be a viable unit such as a village or part of a village contiguous to a statutory town and possess the urban features in terms of infrastructure and amenities such as pucca roads, electricity, taps, drainage system, education institutions, post offices, medical facilities, banks, etc. Examples of OGs are Railway colonies, University campuses, Port areas, that may come up near a CT or statutory towns outside its statutory limits but within the revenue limit of a village or villages contiguous to the town or city.

Urban Agglomeration (UA): It is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths (OGs) or two or more physically contiguous towns together and any adjoining urban out-growth of such towns.

Rural: All area other than urban are rural. The basic unit for rural area is the revenue village.

Sampling procedure

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage sampling design will be adopted for ASUSE.

Rural sector: The first stage units (FSU) will be the census villages in the rural sector. For rural part of Kerala, Panchayat wards (PW) will be taken as FSUs.

Urban sector: The First Stage Units (FSU) will be the latest updated UFS (Urban Frame Survey) blocks.

The Ultimate Stage Units (USU) will be establishments for both the sectors. In the case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling will be the selection of three hamlet-groups (HGs)/sub-blocks (SBs) from each of the large FSUs.

Sampling frame to be used for selection of FSUs

Census 2011 list of villages will be used as the sampling frame for rural areas. Auxiliary information such as number of workers, etc. available from Sixth Economic Census (EC) frame will be used for stratification, sub-stratification and selection of FSUs, for rural areas (except Kerala). In rural areas of Kerala, list of Panchayat Wards (PW) as per Census 2011 will be used as sampling frame. For all urban areas, the latest updated list of UFS blocks will be the sampling frame.

Stratification of FSUs:

Rural sector: Each NSS State region will constitute a rural stratum.

Urban sector: In urban areas, strata will be formed within each NSS State region on the basis of population of towns as per Census 2011. The tentative stratum numbers and their composition (within each NSS State region) will be as follows:

stratum 1 : all towns with population less than 50,000 stratum 2 : all towns with population 50,000 or more but less than 3 lakhs stratum 3 : all towns with population 3 lakhs or more but less than 10 lakhs stratum 4, 5, 6, ... : each city with population 10 lakhs or more

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

The National Sample Surveys (NSS) are being conducted by the Government of India since 1950 to collect socio-economic data employing scientific sampling methods. Household Consumption Expenditure Survey 2023-24 will commence from August 2023.

The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) is designed to collect information on consumption of goods and services by the households. Information collected in HCES is used for analyzing and understanding the consumption and expenditure pattern, standard of living and well-being of the households. Besides, the data of the survey provides budget shares of different commodity groups that is used for preparation of the weighting diagram for compilation of official Consumer Price Indices (CPIs). The data collected in HCES is also utilized for deriving various other macroeconomic indicators.

Geographic coverage

8,684 FSUs in the rural areas and 6,143 in the urban areas have been surveyed in HCES:2023-24. The total sample size of 14,827FSUs has been allocated to State/UTs in proportion to Census 2011 population, subject to a minimum allocation of 40 FSUs.

Sampling procedure

The latest survey on household consumption expenditure (previously known as household consumer expenditure survey) was conducted during the period August 2023 to July 2024 in which information was collected from each sampled household in three questionnaires, namely, Questionnaire: FDQ (Food Items), Questionnaire: CSQ (Consumables & Services) and Questionnaire: DGQ (Durable Items) in three separate monthly visits in a quarter. Apart from these, another questionnaire, namely, Questionnaire: HCQ was canvassed to collect information on household characteristics.

In HCES: 2023-24, a multi-stage stratified sampling design was used where villages/urban blocks or sub-units of these were regarded as the First Stage Units (FSU) and the households were the Ultimate Stage Units (USU). Both the FSUs and USUs were selected with Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). 18 sample households were canvassed within an FSU.

The survey period of HCES:2023-24was divided into 10 panels, each consisting of three months. In the first month of any panel,Questionnaire: HCQ along with any one of the questionnaires, i.e., FDQ/CSQ/DGQwere canvassed in the selected households. During the second month of the panel, any one from the remaining two questionnaires was canvassed and in the last month, the last questionnaire was canvassed. The sequence of the questionnaires to be canvassed in each month of a panel for a particular FSU was decided randomly to eliminate bias that may arise due to the adoption of a particular sequencing for canvassing. Thus, all six possible sequences, i.e., [(Q1, Q2, Q3), (Q1, Q3, Q2), (Q2, Q1, Q3), (Q2, Q3, Q1), (Q3, Q1, Q2) and (Q3, Q2, Q1)], where Q1 refers to FDQ, Q2 refers to CSQ and Q3 refers to DGQ, were canvassed at random in the sample households.

The sampling frame for urban sector is the list of Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks as per latest Urban Frame Survey and for rural sector, it is the list of villages as per Census 2011 updated by removing those villages which are urbanized and included in latest UFS (till the time of sample selection).Sometimes, with a view to ensure uniformity in the size of FSUs and operational convenience, large villages/UFS blocks are notionally divided into smaller units of more or less equal size, known as sub-units depending on a pre-defined criteria based on population in the village or number of households in the UFS block. The sector-specific criteria for sub-unit formation are as below:

Rural Sector (i) The number of SUs to be formed in the villages (with Census 2011 population of 1000 or more and except some States/UTs) are decided based on projected present population of the village. The criteria aregiven below:

Projected Population of the village No. of SUs to be formed
less than 1200 1
1200 to 2399 2 2400 to 3599 3
… …

(ii) For rural areas of Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Ladakh, Parts of Uttarakhand (except four districts Dehradun, Nainital, Haridwar and Udham Singh Nagar), Jammu and Kashmir (seven districts Poonch, Rajouri, Udhampur, Reasi, Doda, Kishtwar, Ramban) and Idukki district of Kerala; SU is formed in a village if population as per Census 2011 is more than or equals to 500. The criteria for the number of SU to be formed are as below:

Projected Population of the village Number of SUs to be formed
less than 600 1
600 to 1199 2
1200 to 1799 3
... ...

Urban Sector: (i) SUs are formed in those UFS blockshaving more than or equal to 250 households. The number of SUs to be formed within the UFS blocks is decided by the following criteria:

Number of Households in UFS Block Number of SUs to be formed
less than 250 1
250 to 499 2
500 to 749 3
… …
Thus, the list of Villages / UFS Blocks / Sub-Units (for those villages or UFS blocks where sub-units are formed within) together formed the sampling frame for First Stage Unit selection.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) has been carrying out All-India surveys on consumer expenditure. While some of these smaller-scale surveys are spread over a full year and others over six months only, the quinquennial (full-scale) surveys have all been of a full year's duration. Household consumer expenditure is measured as the expenditure incurred by a household on domestic account during a specified period, called reference period. It includes the imputed values of goods and services, which are not purchased but procured otherwise for consumption. In other words, it is the sum total of monetary values of all the items (i.e. goods and services) consumed by the household on domestic account during the reference period. Any expenditure incurred towards the productive enterprises of the households is also excluded from household consumer expenditure. To minimise recall errors, a very detailed item classification is adopted to collect information, including items of food, items of fuel, items of clothing, bedding and footwear, items of educational and medical expenses, items of durable goods and other items. The schedule has also collected some other household particulars including age, sex and educational level etc. of each household member. The schedule design for the survey is more or less similar to that adopted in the previous rounds.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The data for this survey is collected in the NSS Schedule 1.0 used for household consumer expenditure. For this round, the schedule had 11 blocks.

Blocks 1 and 2 - are similar to the ones used in usual NSS rounds. These are used to record identification of sample households and particulars of field operations.

Block-3: Household characteristics like, household size, principal industry-occupation, social group, land possessed, primary source of energy used for cooking and lighting etc. have been recorded in this block.

Block-4: In this block detailed demographic particulars including age, sex, educational level, marital status, number of meals usually taken in a day etc. have been recorded.

Block-5: In this block cash purchase and household consumption of food, pan, tobacco, intoxicants and fuel & light during the last 30 days have been recorded.

Block-6: Household consumption of clothing during the last 30 has been recorded in this block.

Block-7: Household consumption of footwear during the last 30 has been recorded in this block.

Block-8 : Household expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services and rents and taxes during the last 30 days has been recorded in this block.

Block-9 : Household expenditure for purchase and construction (including repairs) of durable goods for domestic use during the last 30 days has been recorded here.

Block-10 : Perception of households regarding sufficiency of food has been recorded here.

Block-11 : Summary of household consumer expenditure during the last 30 days has been recorded here.

Cost of food in India decreased 1.76 percent in July of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides - India Food Inflation - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Abstract

National Statistical Office (NSO) of India will be conducting Annual Survey on Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) 2022-23 during October 2022 to September 2023.

This survey will be devoted exclusively to economic and operational characteristics of unincorporated non-agricultural establishments in manufacturing, trade and other services sector. The unit of enquiry of the ASUSE will be an ‘establishment’.

Unincorporated sector is an integral part of Indian econ my, which not only comprises of large number of establishments but also generates large number ofemployment in this sector. Besides, its contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country is also significant. Unincorporated sector has tremendous potential to grow higher.

The ASUSE 2022-23, which will be launched in October 2022 andcontinue till September 2023, will cover all unincorporated non-agricultural establishments belonging to three sectors viz., Manufacturing, Trade and Other Services.

(i) The survey will cover the following broad categories: (a) Manufacturing establishments excluding those registered under Sections 2m(i) and2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948 (b) Manufacturing establishments registered under Section 85 of Factories Act, 1948 (c) Establishments engaged in cotton ginning, cleaning and bailing (code 01632 of NIC-2008) excluding those registered under Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act,1948 (d) Establishments manufacturing Bidi and Cigar excluding those registered under bidi and cigar workers (conditions of employment) Act, 1966 (e) Non-captive electric power generation, transmission and distribution by units not registered with the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) (f) Trading establishments (g) Other Service sector establishments

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the rural and urban areas of whole of India (except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which are difficult to access). The definitions of urban and rural areas as per census 2011 are given below:

Urban: Constituents of urban area are Statutory Towns, Census Towns and Outgrowths.

Statutory Town (ST): All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified towns area committee, etc.

Census Town (CT): Places that satisfy the following criteria are termed as Census Towns (CTs). a. A minimum population of 5000 b. At least 75% of the male main working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits c. A density of population of at least 400 per sq.km.

Out Growth (OG): Out Growth should be a viable unit such as a village or part of a village contiguous to a statutory town and possess the urban features in terms of infrastructure and amenities such as pucca roads, electricity, taps, drainage system, education institutions, post offices, medical facilities, banks, etc. Examples of OGs are Railway colonies, University campuses, Port areas, that may come up near a CT or statutory towns outside its statutory limits but within the revenue limit of a village or villages contiguous to the town or city.

Urban Agglomeration (UA): It is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths (OGs) or two or more physically contiguous towns together and any adjoining urban out-growth of such towns. Rural: All area other than urban are rural. The basic unit for rural area is the revenue village.

Sampling procedure

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage sampling design will be adopted for ASUSE.

Rural sector: The first stage units (FSU) will be the census villages in the rural sector. For rural part of Kerala, Panchayat wards (PW) will be taken as FSUs.

Urban sector: The First Stage Units (FSU) will be the latest updated UFS (Urban Frame Survey) blocks.

The Ultimate Stage Units (USU) will be establishments for both the sectors. In the case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling will be the selection of three hamlet-groups (HGs)/sub-blocks (SBs) from each of the large FSUs.

Sampling frame to be used for selection of FSUs

Census 2011 list of villages will be used as the sampling frame for rural areas. Auxiliary information such as number of workers, etc. available from Sixth Economic Census (EC) frame will be used for stratification, sub-stratification and selection of FSUs, for rural areas (except Kerala). In rural areas of Kerala, list of Panchayat Wards (PW) as per Census 2011 will be used as sampling frame. For all urban areas, the latest updated list of UFS blocks will be the sampling frame.

Stratification of FSUs:

Rural sector: Each NSS State region will constitute a rural stratum.

Urban sector: In urban areas, strata will be formed within each NSS State region on the basis of population of towns as per Census 2011. The tentative stratum numbers and their composition (within each NSS State region) will be as follows:

stratum 1 : all towns with population less than 50,000 stratum 2 : all towns with population 50,000 or more but less than 3 lakhs stratum 3 : all towns with population 3 lakhs or more but less than 10 lakhs stratum 4, 5, 6, ... : each city with population 10 lakhs or more

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

The national sample survey (NSS), set-up by the government of India in 1950 to collect socio-economic data employing scientific sampling methods, completed its forty-ninth round as a six months survey during the period January to June,1993. Housing condition of the people is one of the very important indicators of the socio-economic development of the country. Statistical data on housing condition in qualitative and quantitative terms are needed periodically for an assessment of housing stock and formulation of housing policies and programmes. NSS 49th round was devoted mainly to the survey on housing condition and migration with special emphasis on slum dwellers. An integrated schedule was designed for collecting data on 'housing condition' as well as ' migration '. Also,households living in the slums were adequately represented in the sample of households where the integrated schedule was canvassed.The present study was different from the earlier study in the sense that the coverage in the present round was much wider. Detailed information on migration have been made with a view to throw data on different facets of migration. For this reason we find separate migration data for males & females, migrant households, return migrants, the structure of the residence of the migrants' households before & after migration, status of the migrants before and after migration and other details on migration. It is to be noted that comprehensive data on out-migrants & return-migrants were collected for the first time in the 49th round.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of Indian union excepting ( i) Ladakh and kargil districts of Jammu & kashmir ( ii ) 768 interior villages of Nagaland ( out of a total of 1119 villages ) located beyond 5 kms. of a bus route and ( iii ) 172 villages in Andaman & Nicobar islands ( out of a total of 520 villages ) which are inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A two-stage stratified design was adopted for the 49th round survey. The first-stage units(fsu) were census villages in the rural sector and U.F.S. (Urban Frame Survey) blocks in the urban sector (However, for some of the newly declared towns of 1991 census for which UFS frames were not available, census EBs were first-stage units). The second-stage units were households in both the sectors. In the central sample altogether 5072 sample villages and 2928 urban sample blocks at all-India level were selected. Sixteen households were selected per sample village/block in each of which the schedule of enquiry was canvassed. The number of sample households actually surveyed for the enquiry was 119403.

Sample frame for fsus : Mostly the 1981 census lists of villages constituted the sampling frame for rural sector. For Nagaland, the villages located within 5 kms. of a bus route constituted the sampling frame. For Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the list of accessible villages was used as the sampling frame. For the Urban sector, the lists of NSS Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks have been considered as the sampling frame in most cases. However, 1991 house listing EBs (Enumeration blocks) were considered as the sampling frame for some of the new towns of 1991 census, for which UFS frames were not available.

Stratification for rural sector : States have been divided into NSS regions by grouping contiguous districts similar in respect of population density and crop pattern. In Gujarat, however, some districts have been split for the purpose of region formation, considering the location of dry areas and distribution of tribal population in the state. In the rural sector, each district with 1981 / 1991 census rural population less than, 1.8 million/2 million formed a separate stratum. Districts with larger population were divided into two or more strata, by grouping contiguous tehsils.

Stratification for urban sector : In the urban sector, strata were formed, within the NSS region, according to census population size classes of towns. Each city with population 10 lakhs or more formed a separate stratum. Further, within each region, the different towns were grouped to form three different strata on the basis of their respective census population as follows : all towns with population less than 50,000 as stratum 1, those with population 50,000 to 1,99,999 as stratum-2 and those with population 2,00,000 to 9,99,999 as stratum-3.

Sample size for fsu's : The central sample comprised of 5072 villages and 2928 blocks.

Selection of first stage units : The sample villages have been selected with probability proportional to population with replacement and the sample blocks by simple random sampling without replacement. Selection was done in both the sectors in the form of two independent sub-samples.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sample deviation.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire consisted of 13 blocks as given below : Block - 0 : descriptive identification of sample household Block - 1 : identification of sample household Block - 2 : particulars of field operations Block - 3 : household characteristics Block - 4 : demographic and migration particulars of members of household Block - 5 : building and environment particulars Block - 6 : particulars of the dwelling Block - 7 : particulars of living facilities Block - 8 : particulars of building construction for residential purpose Block - 9 : particulars of dwelling/land owned elsewhere Block - 10 : use of public distribution system(pds) Block - 11 : some general particulars of slum dwellers Block - 12 : remarks by investigator Block - 13 : comments by supervisory officer(s)

Abstract

The National Sample Surveys (NSS) are being conducted by the Government of India since 1950 to collect socio-economic data employing scientific sampling methods. Household Consumption Expenditure Survey 2022-23 will commence from July 2022.

Information collected in the survey will be primarily used for preparation of weighting diagram through determination of budget shares of different commodity groups in total consumption for compilation of consumer price indices for rural and urban India. In addition, statistical indicators of level of living, social consumption and well-being, and inequalities therein will also be compiled from the data collected in the survey.

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the whole of the Indian Union except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which are difficult to access. Total 15016 FSUs will be surveyed for the central sample at all-India level.

Sampling procedure

In this survey, a different methodology will be used for determining the consumption and expenditure of a household on different items. The complete set of information on consumption will be collected through three different questionnaires (FDQ, CSQ and DGQ) canvassed at different time points to a sample household. Apart from these three questionnaires, another questionnaire on household characteristics (HCQ) will also be canvassed in a household. The sample households will be visited three times - in the first visit, listing of households will be done, sample households will be selected, Questionnaire on Household Characteristic (HCQ) and another Questionnaire (out of other three Questionnaires on consumption) will be canvassed. In the next two months, other two Questionnaires will be completed from the same household. Equal number of sample FSUs will be selected in a month. Thus it will be a panel survey for a short duration where each sample FSU and each sample household will be retained for a period of three months.

Although all three questionnaires on consumption will be canvassed to all selected households, sequence of questionnaire to be canvassed is also important since a suitable randomization will eliminate any bias due to any particular sequencing of questionnaire. Thus, all possible sequencing of questionnaires [(Q1, Q2, Q3), (Q1, Q3, Q2), (Q2, Q1, Q3), (Q2, Q3, Q1), (Q3, Q1, Q2) and (Q3, Q2, Q1)], where Q1 refers to FDQ, Q2 refers to CSQ and Q3 refers to DGQ, are desirable in the sample of households. If a sample household is found to be temporarily locked in second visit, the JSO/SE would visit the locked household any time later during the same month for canvassing the questionnaire. If the household is found to be locked during the entire month of second visit, the second and third visit questionnaires will be canvassed together at the time of third visit.

Number of sample households per FSU and minimum number of FSUs perstratum:

18 sample households will be canvassed within an FSU in the following manner:

Distribution of 18 sample households per FSU:

Sample households will be distributed in a manner to have all combinations of three questionnaires. Three sequences of uestionnaires can be canvassed in each FSU. Annual number of sample FSUs may be selected in the form of 10 Panels with 2 Sub-samples in each panel. One panel will be of three months duration and in each sub-sample three particular sequences of questionnaires will be allotted so that all six sequences are accommodated in 2 sub-samples of each panel. The Panel 10 will start in the month 10 and will be completed in month 12.

An illustration for determination of canvassing sequence of the households belonging to different SSS with three different allocation scenarios leading to a total of 18 households is given in Section 1.4.19. If total no of listed households for a particular FSU is less than 18 then more or less equal number of households will be canvassed in each sequence.

The number of sample FSUs per stratum will be a minimum of 20 for each of rural/urban sector separately.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

Genesis One of the main task of the statistical system of a country is to provide the planners and policy makers with information on various aspects of economic' social and related activities in terms of its contribution to national economy and life, are available on a time series basis. Information on some other activities, though small in terms of its economic contribution but huge in terms of participating employment, was sparsely available through type studies and pilot surveys. In order to bridge the data gaps in these unrecorded but visible economic activities, the Central Statistical Organization (CSO) had embarked upon a programe of bationwide census of all economic activities, called the Economic Census (EC) which was followed by periodic detailed enquiries on a sample basis.

EARLIER CENSUSES

ECONOMIC CENSUS (EC 1977)

1.2 The first Economic Census to collect information in the non-agricultural economy was conducted in 1977, wherein the coverage was restricted only to non-agricultural enterprises employing at least one hired worker on a fairly regular basis. The census was undertaken with the participation of the Directorate of Economics & Statistics in various States/UTS by utilizing the services of persons appointed on a temporary/part-time basis. All the States/UTS of India, except the Union Territory of Lakshadweep were covered in the census. The EC 1977 adopted a dual approach; viz. (i) house listing approach for the urban areas and also for villages with a population of more than 5,000 as per 1971 population census in rural areas and (ii) village level enquiry for the remaining villages in the rural areas.

1.3 An establishment slip for recording the activity carried on, number of persons usually working with hired components, location and other basic characteristics including value of output/turnover was canvassed. However, in case of manufacturing activity details about the output were also collected for important items. A schedule giving village amenities was also canvassed with details of various services available and the distance from the village to avail such facilities.

1.4 Reports based on the data of EC 1977 at State/UT and all-India levels were prepared and published. Tables giving the activity group wise distribution of establishments with selected characteristics and with rural and urban break-up were generated. State-wise details for major activities and size class of employment, inter-alia, were also presented in tables. 1.5 The census was followed by detailed sample surveys during 1978-79 and 1979-80 covering the enterprises engaged in Manufacturing, Trade, Hotels & Restaurants, Transport, Storage & Warehousing and services. Detailed information on employment, emoluments, capital structure, input, etc. was collected. The data were disseminated in the form of reports giving all important characteristics on each of the concerned subject.

ECONOMIC CENSUS - 1980 (EC 1980)

1.6 As the Economic Census covers a large number of small units which are subjected to high rate of mobility and mortality, the census is required to be conducted at frequent intervals, generally not exceeding 5 years, to understand the structural changes and the status of entrepreneurial activities. Economic census being an independent one exclusively conducted for the purpose, large administrative and field machinery was required for its operation. The operations of the Census involve listing of addresses of enterprises through household approach and therefore, it was considered economical and expedient to organize the second Economic Census along with the houselisting operations of population census. The second Economic Census was thus conducted in 1980, alongwith the house listing operations of the population Census, 1981. All enterprises, engaged in economic activities - both agricultural and non-agricultural, whether employing any hired worker or not, were covered, except those engaged in crop production and plantation. Thus as against only non-agricultural establishments covered in the first Economic Census the second Economic Census covered all enterprises. All States/UTs were covered, except Assam, where the population Census, 1981 was not conducted.

1 .7 The information on location of enterprises, description of economic activity carried on, nature of operation, type of ownership, social group of owner, use of power, total number of workers usually engaged with its hired component and break-up of male and female workers was collected. The entire field work was done by the field staff consisting of enumerators and supervisors employed in the Directorate of Census operations of each State/UT. The State Directorates of Economics & Statistics were also associated in the supervision of field work, data processing and preparation of State reports of Economic Census and their publication.

1.8 The tabulation for Economic Census 1980 consisted of generation of two series of tables (A' series and 'B' series) with different sets of groupings for minor and major activities as also for agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. Summary statements which basically provide the sampling frame and planning material for enterprise surveys to be followed up were generated for each State/District separately for rural and urban areas. SeriesA' gives the number of own- account enterprises and establishments with relevant characteristics Classified according to nature for economic activity. Series 'B' gives the principal characteristics of own-account enterprises and establishments classified by size class of total employment for each economic activity. The results have been published at State/All-India level.

1. 9 The results of the Economic Census, 1980 were extensively used in planning the follow-up surveys of 2nd and 3rd series. In the 2nd series, surveys were conducted to collect details of the enterprises in (a) Transport, Hotels & Restaurants, Services and storage & warehousing (1983-84), (b) Unorganized Manufacturing (1984-85) and (c) Trade (1985-86). The 3rd series of follow-up surveys commencing from 1988-89 covered the following subjects:

1988-89 - Transport and Hotels & Restaurants, 1989-90 - Unorganized Manufacturing Establishments, 1990-91 - Trade Sector, 1991-92 - Medical, Educational, Cultural & other services.

1.10 In 1987-88, an updation of the sampling frame was done for 64 Class I cities/towns where identification of first stage units posed problems due to changes in urban structure. This information was used to conduct sample surveys after 1987-88.

ECONOMIC CENSUS -1990 (EC-1990)

1.11 The need for conducting regular economic census giving the details of entrepreneurial activities in agricultural and non-agricultural sectors was felt by various statistical for a academic and research institutions. Accordingly a Central Plan Scheme was prepared which was approved with a budget allocation of Rs.15.47 crores. The scheme was given to the Department of Statistics for implementation.

1.12 A unit headed by a Joint Director was formed in the Economic Census and Surveys Division of the Central Statistical Organization with the responsibility of overseeing the field work and its completion, data processing and publication of results. The unit functioned under the guidance of the Director of Economic Census and Surveys Division.

1.13 The scope and coverage of the Economic Census was finalized by a Technical Advisory Group ( TAG) represented by the Planning Commission, Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Labour, National Sample Survey Organization, Computer Centre of the Department of Statistics, Reserve Bank of India, State Directorates of Economics & Statistics, some of the Universities and Institutions. The main task of the TAG was to outline the details of the conduct of third Economic Census and synchronizing that with the house listing operations of the Population Census 1991. The terms of reference of the TAG were as follows:

a) To advise on the scope, coverage and concepts of the third Economic Census;

b) To lay down procedures for ensuring that the open air enterprises like mines, quarries, brick kilns are covered in third Economic Census;

c) To examine the feasibility of adopting urban frame survey blocks as units of enumeration in urban areas;

d) To finalize the tabulation programme and advise on the decentralization of tabulation work.

    The TAG was assisted by three Sub- Groups. Viz. (i) sub-Group I to deal with the concepts, definitions and items coverage etc., Sub-Group II to examine the feasibility of adopting urban frame survey blocks and of conducting post enumeration checks and Sub-Group III to deal with the tabulation programmes and data processing.

WORK PLAN

1.14 The third Economic census was conducted along with the house listing operations of the population census, 1991 on the same pattern of Economic Census, 1980 which was taken up in all the states/UTS except Jammu & Kashmir where the population census, 1991 was not undertaken. The Registrar General and census commissioner of India and the Directors of census operations of states/UTS were given the job of organization and coordination of field work. The enumerators and supervisors involved in the operations of Economic census were given prior training at different levels. The Directorates of Economics & statistics in states/UTS were associated in the entire programme.

FORMS AND ITEMS OF INFORMATION COLLECTED

1.15 In most of the States, the enumeration work was completed between April - 1990. All particulars relating to an enterprise were collected in a form called `Enterprise List' (Annexure I). The items of

Abstract

Housing is a basic requirement of human well-being. Along with the requirement of shelter, other facilities in the micro environment of housing such as type of dwelling unit, drinking water, sanitation, hygiene, etc., form vital components of overall quality of life of the population. The survey on drinking water, sanitation, hygiene and housing condition has been designed to collect information on the different aspects of living conditions necessary for decent and healthful living of the household members. Information on these aspects will relate to the household as a whole. On drinking water, important information will be collected on (i) sources and sufficiency of drinking water, (ii) distance to the source of drinking water and (iii) quality of drinking water. On the sanitation facilities, information will be collected on (i) access to latrine, in terms of exclusive use, common use or no access, (ii) type of latrine, (iii) reason for not using latrine for the households which have access to latrine but not using. Some information on micro-environment surrounding the house that will be collected relate to (i) garbage disposal, (ii) drainage arrangement, (iii) problem of flies/mosquitoes. Other information on housing condition like, age of the house, condition of the house, type of the dwelling unit (viz., pucca, semi-pucca and katcha), floor area of the dwelling unit, sources of financing for construction/purchase of houses/flats for residential purpose will also be collected.

Using the information collected in this survey, important indicators of living facilities that can be developed are: proportion of households (i) using improved sources of drinking water, (ii) getting sufficient drinking water, (iii) fetching drinking water from outside premises, (iv) using improved latrine facilities, (v) having garbage disposal arrangement, (vi) having draining arrangement. On the characteristics of the house and dwelling unit, important indicators are (i) proportion of households living in different types of dwelling units, (ii) distribution of the households by age the house, (iii) per capita floor area, (iv) proportion of households that undertook construction/purchased houses with different sources of finance. These indictors will be developed, at the national and state level, cross classified by level of living of the households (measured by MPCE), social group, etc.These statistical indicators are required for planning, policy and decision making at various levels both within government and outside. These indicators will be extensively used by various Government Organisations viz., Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Allevation, Town and Country Planning Organisation, Planning Commission, etc. The indicators on improved sources of drinking water and sanitation are required to monitor the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) with respect to drinking water and sanitation. These will also be used by organisations like WHO, UNICEF and various users, researchers and policy makers.

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the whole of the Indian Union.

The rural areas such as (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year were previously excluded from coverage. Henceforth, these areas will be covered in the survey after forming a State/UT level special stratum comprising these villages.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure.

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

1.4 Sample Design

1.4.1 Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 69th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) will be the census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) will be households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling will be the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

1.4.2 Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages updated by excluding the villages urbanised and including the towns de-urbanised after 2001 census (henceforth the term 'village' would mean Panchayat wards for Kerala) will constitute the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the latest updated list of UFS blocks (2007-12) will be considered as the sampling frame.

1.4.3 Stratification: Within each district of a State/ UT, generally speaking, two basic strata will be formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district. However, within the urban areas of a district, if there are one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per population census 2011 in a district, each of them will form a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district will be considered as another basic stratum.

In case of rural sectors of Nagaland and Andaman & Nicobar Islands, the coverage has been extended to the entire State/UT from this round. In these two State/UTs, one separate special stratum will be formed within the State/UT consisting of all the interior and inaccessible villages which were not covered in previous rounds.

1.4.4 Sub-stratification:

Rural sector r: If 'r' be the sample size allocated for a rural stratum, the number of sub-strata formed will be 'r/2'. The villages within a district as per frame will be first arranged in ascending order of population. Then sub-strata 1 to 'r/2' will be demarcated in such a way that each sub-stratum will comprise a group of villages of the arranged frame and have more or less equal population.

Urban sector: Each stratum will be divided into 2 sub-strata as follows:

sub-stratum 1: all UFS blocks having area type 'slum area' sub-stratum 2: remaining UFS blocks

1.4.5 Total sample size (FSUs): 8000 FSUs will be surveyed for the central sample at all-India level. For the state sample, there will be 9112 FSUs for all-India. In addition to this, some more sample FSUs (in the form of sub-sample 3) will be allocated exclusively for slum schedule. State wise allocation of sample FSUs is given in Table 1, page A-16.

1.4.6 Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs will be allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per census 2011 subject to a minimum sample allocation to each State/ UT. While doing so, the resource availability in terms of number of field investigators as well as the comparability with previous round of survey on the same subjects will be kept in view.

1.4.7 Allocation of State/ UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/ UT level sample size will be allocated between two sectors in proportion to population as per census 2011 with double weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. A minimum of 16 FSUs (minimum 8 each for rural and urban sector separately) will be allocated to each state/ UT.

1.4.8 Allocation to strata: Within each sector of a State/ UT, the respective sample size will be allocated to the different strata in proportion to the population as per census 2011 wherever the information is available, failing which information on population as per census 2001 will be used. Allocations at stratum level will be adjusted to multiples of 2 with a minimum sample size of 2.

For special stratum in Nagaland and A & N Islands, 8 FSUs will be allocated to each.

1.4.9 Allocation to sub-strata:

1.4.9.1 Rural: Allocation will be 2 for each sub-stratum in rural.

1.4.9.2 Urban: Stratum allocations will be distributed among the two sub-strata in proportion to the number of FSUs in the sub-strata. Minimum allocation for each sub-stratum will be 2. Equal number of samples will be allocated among the two sub-rounds.

 Also, an additional sample of FSUs in the form of sub-sample 3, equal to number of sample FSUs in each of the sub-samples 1 & 2 in the sub-stratum 1 only, will be allocated. 

1.4.10 Selection of FSUs:

For the rural sector, from each stratum/ sub-stratum, required number of sample villages will be selected by probability proportional to size with replacement (PPSWR), size being the population of the village as per Census 2001.

For the urban sector, UFS 2007-12 phase will be used for all towns and cities and from each stratum/sub-stratum FSUs will be selected by using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR).

Both rural and urban samples are to be drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples and equal number of samples will be allocated among the two sub rounds. For urban sub-stratum 1, additional samples will be drawn in the form of sub-sample 3 independently.

1.4.11 Selection of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks - important steps

1.4.11.1 Proper identification of the FSU boundaries: The first task of the field investigators is to ascertain the exact boundaries of the sample FSU as per its identification particulars given in the sample list. For urban samples, the boundaries of each FSU may be identified by referring to the map corresponding to the frame code specified in the sample list.

1.4.11.2 Criterion for hamlet-group/ sub-block formation: After identification of the boundaries of the FSU, it is to be determined whether

Abstract

Introduction: This is the 52nd round of NSS conducted from 1.7.1995 to 30.6.1996 . The National Sample Survey (NSS), set up by the Government of India in 1950 to collect socio-economic data employing scientific sampling methods.The third survey on social consumption. Two topics, viz. utilisation of the public distribution system and utilisation of family planning services, were dropped as these were covered in the NSS 50th round and by a nationwide survey by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, respectively.

Subject Coverage:

The four main topics covered in the 52nd round are:

(i) Utilisation of maternity and child health care services (ii) Morbidity and utilisation of medical services (iii) Problems of aged persons (iv) Participation in education

In addition, the topics of household consumer expenditure and employment unemployment were covered as is usual with every round.

Geographical coverage:

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir (for central sample), (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Period of survey and work programme:

The period of survey is from 1.7.1995 to 30.6.1996.

The survey period is divided into four sub-rounds of three months' duration each as follows:

sub-round 1 : July - September 1995
sub-round 2 : October - December 1995 sub-round 3 : January - March 1996
sub-round 4 : April - June 1996

In each of these four sub-rounds equal number of sample villages/ blocks (FSUs) was covered to ensuring uniform spread of sample FSUs over the entire survey period.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir (for central sample), (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Households and household members.

Universe

Households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample Design

General:

A stratified two-stage design was adopted in this round. The first-stage units were the census villages for the rural areas (panchayat wards in case of Kerala) and the NSSO Urban Frame Survey(UFS) blocks for the urban areas. The second stage units were the households in both the cases.

Sampling Frame for First-Stage Units (FSUs):

The list of census villages of the 1991 census (1981 census list for Jammu & Kashmir) constituted the sampling frame for the rural areas. For Kerala, however, the list of panchayat wards was used as the sampling frame for the selection of first stage units in the rural areas. For Nagaland, the villages located within 5 km of a bus route constituted the sampling frame, whereas for Andaman & Nicobar Islands, the list of 'accessible' villages formed the sampling frame. For the urban areas, the list of NSSO Urban Frame Survey(UFS) blocks has been used as the sampling frame.

Stratification:

For the socio-economic surveys of the NSSO, each state or union territory (u.t.) is divided into one or more agro-climatic regions by grouping contiguous districts which are similar with respect to population density and crop pattern. In Gujarat, however, some districts are subdivided for the purpose of region formation on the basis of location of dry areas and the distribution of tribal population in the state. In all, there are 78 regions covering the entire geographical area of the country.

Stratification for Rural areas:

In the rural areas, each district within a region was treated as a separate stratum. However, if the 1991 census population of the district was found to be greater than or equal to 2 million (1.8 million population as per 1981 census for Jammu & Kashmir), the district was split into two or more strata, by grouping contiguous tehsils to form strata. In Gujarat, in the case of districts extending over more than one NSS region, the part of a district falling within each NSS region formed a separate stratum.

Stratification for Urban areas :

In the urban areas, strata were formed, within each NSS region, by grouping towns on the basis of the population of towns. The urban strata were formed as shown in Table.

Table: Composition of urban strata in an NSS region

Stratum No. Population size class (as per 1991 census) of towns

1 all towns with population less than 50,000 2 all towns with population 50,000 - 1, 99,999 3 all towns with population 2, 00,000 - 9, 99,999 4, 5... each city with population 10,00,000 or more

Allocation of First Stage Units (FSUs):

A sample of 13,000 FSUs (rural & urban combined) was selected as the 'central sample' at the all-India level. The sample size of FSUs (rural & urban combined) for the central sample for a state/u.t. was allocated to its rural and urban areas considering the relative sizes of the rural and urban population with double weightage to the urban areas. The state level rural sample size was allocated to the rural strata in proportion to their rural population figures as per the census. Similarly, urban sample size of the state/u.t. was allocated to the urban strata in proportion to urban population figures as per the census. All the stratum-level allocations were adjusted to multiples of 8 as far as possible (otherwise to multiples of 4) in order to allocate them equally in each sub-sample x sub-round combination (2 sub-samples x 4 sub-rounds).

Selection of First-Stage Units:

The sample FSUs in the rural areas were selected circular systematically with equal probability. In the Union Territory of Daman & Diu, the district Diu consists of only two villages. These two were selected for the survey in both the central and the state sample. Sample blocks in the urban areas were also selected circular systematically with equal probability. Sample FSUs of both the rural and urban areas were selected in the form of two independent sub-samples. The only departure from the general procedure of selection of FSUs was made for the rural areas of Arunachal Pradesh for which the procedure of cluster sampling was followed. The nucleus villages were selected circular systematically with equal probability, in the form of two independent sub-samples. A cluster, generally of 4 to 6 villages, was formed around each nucleus village.

Selection of Hamlet-Groups/ Sub-Blocks (for 'large' FSUs only):

A large FSU was divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks having equal population content. Two hamlet-groups were selected from each large FSU in the rural areas and only one sub-block was selected from each large FSU of the urban areas.

Selection of Households (Second-Stage Units):

In each of the selected FSUs, three different enquiries, viz. "Survey on Health Care", "Survey on Participation in Education" and "Survey on Consumer Expenditure", were conducted on three independent samples of the households. For the present enquiry, i.e. survey on education, a sample of 6 households was selected for the detailed enquiry. However, before selection, the listed households were first grouped into two second-stage strata. The composition of the second-stage strata and the number of sample households selected from each of them are shown in following table.

Table: Second-stage stratum composition and number of households selected

No.   Second-stage stratum Composition selected    Number of households

1  households with at least one member of age group 5-24          3
  years and studying in post-primary level
2  remaining households                                  3

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

In the present round, Schedule 25.2 on participation and expenditure in education consists of following 7 blocks which comprised of questions on:

BLOCK 1 - IDENTIFICATION OF SAMPLE HOUSEHOLD: Sample(Central, State), Sector(Rural, Urban), FOD sub region, found number, schedule number, state region, stratum number, district code, sub sample, sub round, serial number of sample village/block, hamlet group/sub block number, second stage stratum number, sample household number, serial number of informant, response code, reason for substitution of original household.

BLOCK 2 - HOUSEHOLD PARTICULARS size, social group, expenditure on members staying away from home, average monthly expenditure, monthly per capita consumption expenditure, distance to nearest primary school

BLOCK 3 - DEMOGRAPHIC PARTICULARS OF PERSONS IN HOUSEHOLD serial number, name, relation to head, sex, age, literate, education level, status of current attendance, current enrolment status.

BLOCK 4 - EDUCATION PARTICULRS FOR CURRENTLY ATTENDING AT PRIMARY & POST PRIMARY Serial number, age at entry in school, no of courses attended, type of current education, level of current attendance, present class / grade / year of study, type of institution, nature of institution, medium of instruction, type of course, is education free, whether tuition fee waived, annual amount waived, reason for waiver, received scholarship / stipend, annual amount of scholarship / stipend received with reason for receiving, received textbooks, received stationery, agency if any provided free mid-day meal / tiffin / nutrition, distance of institution from place of residence, mode of transport, whether concession received in case of public

Abstract

The objectives of the debt and investment survey remain the same as those of the earlier surveys, namely, to obtain quantitative information on the stock of assets, incidence of indebtedness, capital formation and other indicators or rural/urban economy which will be of value in developing the credit structure in particular, and also for obtaining other allied information required in the field of planning and development. Further, since the survey will be of the kind of a repeat survey of that of the NSS 59th round, it is considered necessary to plan the survey in such a way as to ensure, as far as practicable, comparability with the estimates of the various characteristics generated from the earlier rounds. The survey period of the 70th round was from January to December 2013. This survey covers the whole of the Indian Union. Each sample FSU is being visited twice during this round in visit 1 and visit 2. Since the workload of the first visit (i.e. visit 1) is more, the first visit continues till the end of July 2013. Thus, period of the first visit is January - July 2013 and that of the second visit (i.e. visit 2) is August - December 2013. Broadly, the following information will be collected in this round from each household: (i) the assets of the household as on 30th June 2012, classified into (a) physical assets and (b) financial assets (ii) the liabilities of the household as on 30th June 2012 in visit 1 and as on 30th June 2013 in visit 2 (iii) the amount of capital expenditure incurred by the household during July 2012 - June 2013 on (a) residential plots, houses or buildings, (b) farm business, and (c) non-farm business.

Geographic coverage

In this round all the States and Union Territories except Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Lakshadweep are participating.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

1. Sample Design

3.1 Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 70th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

3.2 Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages updated by excluding the villages urbanised and including the towns de-urbanised after 2001 census (henceforth the term 'village' would mean Panchayat wards for Kerala) constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the latest updated list of UFS blocks (2007-12) is considered as the sampling frame.

3.3 Stratification:

(a) Stratum has been formed at district level. Within each district of a State/ UT, generally speaking, two basic strata have been formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising all the urban areas of the district. However, within the urban areas of a district, if there were one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per population census 2011 in a district, each of them formed a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district was considered as another basic stratum.

(b) However, a special stratum in the rural sector only was formed at State/UT level before district- strata were formed in case of each of the following 20 States/UTs: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. This stratum will comprise all the villages of the State with population less than 50 as per census 2001.

(c) In case of rural sectors of Nagaland one special stratum has been formed within the State consisting of all the interior and inaccessible villages. Similarly, for Andaman & Nicobar Islands, one more special stratum has been formed within the UT consisting of all inaccessible villages. Thus for Andaman & Nicobar Islands, two special strata have been formed at the UT level:

(i) special stratum 1 comprising all the interior and inaccessible villages (ii) special stratum 2 containing all the villages, other than those in special stratum 1, having population less than 50 as per census 2001.

3.4 Sub-stratification:

Rural sector: Different sub-stratifications are done for 'hilly' States and other States. Ten (10) States are considered as hilly States. They are: Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh.

(a) sub-stratification for hilly States: If 'r' be the sample size allocated for a rural stratum, the number of sub-strata formed was 'r/2'. The villages within a district as per frame have been first arranged in ascending order of population. Then sub-strata 1 to 'r/2' have been demarcated in such a way that each sub-stratum comprised a group of villages of the arranged frame and have more or less equal population.

(b) sub-stratification for other States (non-hilly States except Kerala): The villages within a district as per frame were first arranged in ascending order of proportion of irrigated area in the cultivated area of the village. Then sub-strata 1 to 'r/2' have been demarcated in such a way that each sub-stratum comprised a group of villages of the arranged frame and have more or less equal cultivated area. The information on irrigated area and cultivated area was obtained from the village directory of census 2001.

(c) sub-stratification for Kerala: Although Kerala is a non-hilly State but because of non-availability of information on irrigation at FSU (Panchayat Ward) level, sub-stratification by proportion of irrigated area was not possible. Hence the procedure for sub-stratification was same as that of hilly States in case of Kerala.

Urban sector: There was no sub-stratification for the strata of million plus cities. For other strata, each district was divided into 2 sub-strata as follows:

 sub-stratum 1: all towns of the district with population less than 50000 as per census 2011 
 sub-stratum 2: remaining non-million plus towns of the district

3.5 Total sample size (FSUs): 8042 FSUs have been allocated for the central sample at all-India level. For the state sample, there are 8998 FSUs allocated for all-India. State wise allocation of sample FSUs is given in Table 1.

3.6 Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs have been allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per census 2011 subject to a minimum sample allocation to each State/ UT. While doing so, the resource availability in terms of number of field investigators as well as comparability with previous round of survey on the same subjects has been kept in view.

3.7 Allocation of State/ UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/ UT level sample size has been allocated between two sectors in proportion to population as per census 2011 with double weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. A minimum of 16 FSUs (minimum 8 each for rural and urban sector separately) is allocated to each state/ UT.

3.8 Allocation to strata: Within each sector of a State/ UT, the respective sample size has been allocated to the different strata in proportion to the population as per census 2011. Allocations at stratum level are adjusted to multiples of 2 with a minimum sample size of 2.

For special stratum formed in the rural areas of 20 States/UTs, as discussed in para 3.3 (b), 2 FSUs were allocated to each.

For special stratum 1 in the rural areas of Nagaland and Andaman & Nicobar Islands, 4 and 2 FSUs were allocated respectively.

3.9 Allocation to sub-strata:

3.9.1 Rural: Allocation is 2 for each sub-stratum in rural.

3.9.2 Urban: Stratum allocations have been distributed among the two sub-strata in proportion to the number of FSUs in the sub-strata. Minimum allocation for each sub-stratum is 2.

3.10 Selection of FSUs:

For the rural sector, from each stratum x sub-stratum, required number of sample villages has been selected by Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR).

For the urban sector, FSUs have been selected by using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR) from each stratum x sub-stratum.

Both rural and urban samples were drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples and equal number of samples has been allocated among the two sub rounds.

3.11 Selection of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks - important steps

3.11.1 Criterion for hamlet-group/ sub-block formation: After identification of the boundaries of the FSU, it is first determined whether listing is to be done in the whole sample FSU or not. In case the approximate present population of the selected FSU is found to be 1200 or more, it is divided into a suitable number (say, D) of 'hamlet-groups' in the rural sector and 'sub-blocks' in the urban sector by more or less equalising the population as stated below.

approximate present population of the sample FSU no. of hg's/sb's to be formed

less than 1200 (no hamlet-groups/sub-blocks) 1
1200 to 1799 3
1800 to

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) has been set up by the Government of India in 1950 to collect socio-economic data employing scientific sampling methods. The NSSO conducts regular consumer expenditure surveys as part of its "rounds", each round being normally of a year's duration and covering more than one subject of study. The surveys are conducted through household interviews, using a random sample of households covering practically the entire geographical area of the country. Surveys on consumer expenditure are being conducted quinquennially on a large sample of households from the 27th round (October 1972 - September 1973) onwards. The fourth quinquennial survey on household consumer expenditure was carried out during July 1987 - June 1988. The three previous surveys of this series were carries out in the 27th (October-September 1973) , the 32nd (July 1977 to June 1978) and the 38th (January to December , 1983) rounds of the NSSO. The present survey like the previous one, covered the entire population. Expenditure incurred by the sample household for the purpose of domestic consumption were collected for the 30 days preceding the date of survey. No account has, however, been taken of any expenditure incurred towards the productive enterprises of the household. It may be mentioned here that in order to get more households of the upper income bracket in the Sample , significant changes have been made in the sample design in this round (compared to the design of the 38th round). The survey covered the whole of Indian Union excepting

i) Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir ii) Rural areas of Nagaland

The field work for the survey was conducted, as usual, by the Field Operations Division of the Organisation. The collected data were processed by the Data Processing Division of NSSO and tabulated by the Computer Centre of Department of Statistics. The reports have been prepared by Survey Design & Research Division (SDRD) of NSSO under the guidance of the Governing Council, NSSO.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of Indian Union excepting

i) Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir ii) Rural areas of Nagaland

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The survey will have a two-stage stratified design. The first stage units (f.s.u.s) or villages in the rural sector and urban blocks in the urban sector. The second stage units are households in both the sectors.

Sampling frame for f.s.u.'s : The lists of 1981 census villages constitute the sampling frame for rural sector in most districts. But the 1981 census frame could not be used for a few districts because, either the 1981 census was not held there or the list of 1981 census villages could not be obtained or the lists obtained from the census authorities were found to be grossly incomplete. In such cases 1971 census frame have been used. In the urban sector , the Urban Frame Survey (U.F.S.) blocks constitute the sampling frame.

Stratification : States are first divided into agro-economic regions which are groups of contiguous districts , similar with respect to population density and crop pattern. In Gujarat, however, some districts have been split for the purpose of region formation In consideration of the location of dry areas and the distribution of the tribal population in the state.

RURAL SECTOR: In the rural sector, within each region, each district with 1981 Census rural population less 1.8 million forms a single stratum. Districts with larger population were divided into two or more strata, depending on population, by grouping contiguous tehsils similar, as for as possible, in respect of rural population Density and crop pattern. (In Gujarat, however, in the case of districts extending over more than one region, even if the rural population was less than 1.8 million, the portion of a district falling in each region constituted a separate stratum. Further, in Assam the old “basic strata” formed on the basis of 1971 census rural population exactly in the above manner, but with cut-off population as 1.5 million have been retained as the strata for rural sampling).

URBAN SECTOR : In the urban sector , strata are formed , again within NSS region , on the basis of the population size class of towns . Each city with population 10 lakhs or more is self-representative, as in the earlier rounds. For the purpose of stratification, in towns with 1981 census population 4 lakhs or more , the blocks have been divided into two categories, viz . - One consisting of blocks in areas inhabited by the relatively affluent section of the population and the other consisting of the remaining blocks.

Allocation for first stage units : The total all-India sample size has been allocated to the states /U.T.'s proportionate to the strength of central field staff. This was allocated to the rural and urban sectors considering the relative size of the rural and urban population. Now the rural samples were allocated to the rural strata in proportion to rural population. The urban samples were allocated to the urban strata in proportion to urban population with double weight age given to those strata of towns with population 4 lakhs or more which lie in area inhabited by the relatively affluent section.

Selection of f.s.u.'s : The sample villages have been selected circular systematically with probability proportional to population in the form of two independent interpenetrating sub-samples (IPNS) . The sample blocks have been selected circular systematically with equal probability, also in the form of two IPNS's.

Sample size ( central sample ) : The all India sample in respect of the central sample consists of 8518 villages and 4648 blocks.

Sample size (state sample) : All the states and Union Territories except Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh , Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Lakshadweep are participating in this round at least on an equal matching basis.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sampling design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The NSSO surveys on consumer expenditure aim to measure the household consumer expenditure in quantitative terms disaggregated by various household characteristics.

The data for this survey is collected in the NSS Schedule 1.0 used for household consumer expenditure. For this round, the schedule had 11 blocks.

Blocks 1 and 2 - are similar to the ones used in usual NSS rounds. These are used to record identification of sample households and particulars of field operations.

Block-3: Household characteristics like, household size, principal industry-occupation, social group, land possessed and cultivated, type of dwelling etc. are recorded in this block.

Block-4: In this block the detailed demographic particulars including age, sex, educational level, marital status, number of meals usually taken in a day etc. are recorded.

Block-5: In this block cash purchase and consumption of food, pan, tobacco, intoxicants and fuel & light during the last 30 days are recorded.

Block-6: Consumption of clothing during the last 30 and 365 days is recorded in this block.

Block-7: Consumption of footwear during the last 30 and 365 days is recorded in this block.

Block-8 : Expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services and rents and taxes during the last 30 days has been recorded in this block.

Block-9 : Expenditure for purchase and construction (including repairs) of durable goods for domestic use is recorded here.

Block-10 : Particulars of dwelling units are recorded in this block.

Block-11 : Summary of consumer expenditure during last 30 days is recorded in this block.

Abstract

The National Sample Surveys (NSS) are conducted by the Government of India since 1950 to collect data on various socio-economic indicators employing scientific sampling methods. The seventy-ninth round of NSS will commence from July 2022. NSS 79th round is earmarked for collection of data for compilation of a number of SDG indicators through a „Comprehensive Annual Modular Survey (CAMS)" along with a survey on Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa-Rigpa/Amchi and Homoeopathy (AYUSH). Comprehensive Annual Modular Survey (CAMS): CAMS is introduced to cater the emerging need of information on high-frequency socio-economic indicators that are not available from any other sources like administrative data, etc. CAMS will collect information required for the purpose of generating some SDG indicators and subindicators of Global Indices. This survey will be annual in which some of the modules may be repeated annually and some periodically with more than one year periodicity.

List of some SDG and sub-indicators of Global indices which will be generated from CAMS is given below: Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services Proportion of population using (a) safely managed sanitation services and (b) a hand-washing facility with soap and water Proportion of individuals who own a mobile phone, by sex Proportion of population covered by a mobile network, by technology Percentage of Household with a computer Percentage of individuals using internet during last 3 months, last 365 days Percentage of adult having an account at a formal financial institution Percentage of women having an account at a formal financial institution Proportion of children under 5 years of age whose births have been registered with a civil authority, by age Proportion of population that has convenient access (0.5 km/1 km) to public transport (low/ high-capacities) stop. Participation rate of youth and adults in formal and non-formal education and training in the previous 12 months, by sex Proportion of youth (aged 15–24 years) not in education, employment or training Mean year of schooling Out-of-pocket medical expenditure on hospitalization during last 365 days

Geographic coverage

15416 FSUs will be surveyed at all-India level for CAMS and AYUSH survey. The survey will cover the whole of the Indian union except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which are difficult to access.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household.

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Sampling procedure

Sample Design

Formation of sub-units (SUs): Rural areas: A rural village will be notionally divided into a number of sub-units (SU) of more or less equal population during the preparation of frame. Census 2011 population of villages will be projected by applying suitable growth rates and the number of SUs to be formed in a village will be determined apriori.

The above procedure of SU formation will be implemented in the villages with population more than or equal to 1000 as per Census 2011. In the remaining villages, no SU will be formed.

The number of SUs to be formed in the villages (with Census 2011 population 1000 or more) of the frame will be decided before selection of the samples following the criteria given below: projected population of the village no. of SUs to be formed less than 1200 1 1200 to 2399 2 2400 to 3599 3 3600 to 4799 4 4800 to 5999 5 .......and so on ....

Special case: For rural areas of (i) Himachal Pradesh, (ii) Sikkim, (iii) Andaman & Nicobar Islands, (iv) Uttarakhand (except four districts Dehradun, Nainital, Hardwar and Udham Singh Nagar), (v) Punch, Rajouri, Udhampur, Reasi, Doda, Kishtwar, Ramban of Jammu and Kashmir (vi) Leh and Kargil districts of Ladakh region and (vii) Idukki district of Kerala, numbers of SUs to be formed in a village will be determined in such a way that each SU contains 600 or less projected population. Further, SUs will not be formed in the villages in the above mentioned districts/States with population less than 500 as per Census 2011. In the remaining villages the number of SUs to be formed for these States/districts will be as follows: projected population of the village no. of SUs to be formed less than 600 1 600 to 1199 2 1200 to 1799 3 1800 to 2399 4 2400 to 2999 5 .......and so on ....

Urban areas: SUs will be formed in urban sector also. The procedure will be similar to that adopted in rural areas except that SUs will be formed on the basis of households in the UFS frame instead of population, since UFS frame does not have population. Each UFS block with number of households more than or equal to 250 will be divided into a number of SUs. In the remaining UFS blocks, no SU will be formed.

The number of SUs to be formed in the UFS blocks of the frame will be decided before selection of the samples following the criteria given below: number of households of the UFS block no. of SUs to be formed less than 250 1 250 to 499 2 500 to 749 3 750 to 999 4 1000 to 1249 5 .......and so on ....

Stratification of FSUs: Rural Sector: A Special Rural stratum, at all-India level, will be formed comprising all the uninhabited villages as per census 2011 belonging to all States/UT. For the remaining villages which are inhabited as per census 2011, districts will be basic geographical unit for stratum formation. Within each district, two Stratum will be formed: (a) The villages (i) within a distance of 5 Kms from the district headquarter or (ii) within a distance of 5 Kms from a city/town with more than 5 lakh population, will form a stratum (stratum 1). The information will be obtained from the village directory of census 2011. It will be the stratum 1 for a particular district. (b) Rest of the villages will constitute another stratum (stratum 2) of the particular district.

Urban Sector: Two or more strata will be formed in urban areas of each district: (i) each million plus city as per census 2011 will constitute separate stratum . Stratum no will be 01, 02, 03....,19 (ii) rest of the urban areas of the district. Stratum no will be 20.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

The Employment and Unemployment surveys of National sample Survey (NSS) are primary sources of data on various indicators of labour force at National and State levels. These are used for planning, policy formulation, decision support and as input for further statistical exercises by various Government organizations, academicians, researchers and scholars. NSS surveys on employment and un-employment with large sample size of households have been conducted quinquennially from 27th. round(October'1972 - September'1973) onwards. The NSS 68th. round carried out during July'2011 - June'2012 was the nineth quinquennial round in the series covering subjects of (i) Household Consumer Expenditure and (ii) Employment and Unemployment.

Field work of the survey is carried out by the Field Operation Division ( FOD ) of National Sample Survey Office ( NSSO ) in which the central samples are covered. most of the State Governments also participate in the survey on matching sample size basis.

The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) during the period July 2011 - June 2012 carried out an all-India household survey on the subject of employment and unemployment in India as a part of 68th round of its survey programme. In this survey, the nation-wide enquiry was conducted to generate estimates of various characteristics pertaining to employment and unemployment and labour force characteristics at the national and State levels. Information on various facets of employment and unemployment in India was collected through a schedule of enquiry (Schedule 10) adopting the established concepts, definitions and procedures. Based on the data collected during the entire period of survey, estimates of some key employment-unemployment characteristics in India and States have been presented in the NSSO published report on Key Indicators of Employment and Unemployment July'2011 - June'2012 ( 68th Round).

The main objective of the employment-unemployment surveys conducted by NSSO at periodic interval is to get estimates of level parameters of various employment and unemployment characteristics at national and State level. These statistical indicators on labour market are required for planning, policy and decision making at various levels, both within the government and outside. The critical issues in the context of labour force enquiries pertain to defining the labour force and measuring participation of labour force in different economic activities. The activity participation of the people is not only dynamic but also multidimensional: it varies with region, age, education, gender, level of living, industry and occupational category. These aspects of the labour force are captured in detail in the NSS survey on employment and unemployment and estimates are generated for labour force participation rate, worker population ratio, unemployment rate, wages of employees, etc. The indicators of the structural aspects of the workforce such as status in employment, industrial distribution and occupational distribution are also derived from the survey. Besides, from the data collected on the particulars of enterprises and conditions of employment, the aspects of employment in the informal sector and informal employment are reflected through the conceptual framework of the survey.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remained inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Households and Persons

Universe

Households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 68th round (July 2011-June 2012) of NSS was earmarked for survey on 'Household Consumer Expenditure' and 'Employment and Unemployment'. The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year. In addition to these, all the sample first stage units of the following areas were casualty in different sub-rounds: in sub-rounds 1, 2,3 and 4. In each of these four sub-rounds equal number of sample villages/ blocks (FSUs) was allotted for survey with a view to ensuring uniform spread of sample FSUs over the entire survey period. Attempt was made to survey each of the FSUs during the sub-round to which it is allotted. Because of the arduous field conditions, this restriction need not be strictly enforced in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep and rural areas of Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.

Sample Design A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 68th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) was the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) was households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling was the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

Selection of the first-stage units: The various steps involved before making the selection of the FSUs are discussed at length in the following few paragraphs before taking up the issue of selection of USUs within FSUs.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) constituted the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available UFS blocks constituted the sampling frame.

Stratification of the first stage units: Within each district of a State/ UT, two basic strata were formed as follows: Within each sector of a State/ UT, the respective sample size will be allocated to the different strata/ sub-strata in proportion to the population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum level were adjusted to multiples of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4. Allocation for each sub-stratum was 4. Equal number of samples were allocated among the four sub-rounds.

Selection of first-stage units: For the rural sector, from each stratum/ sub-stratum, required number of sample villages were selected by probability proportional to size with replacement (PPSWR), size being the population of the village as per Census 2001. For urban sector, from each stratum FSUs were selected by using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Both rural and urban samples were drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples.

Selection of Ultimate Stage Units (USU) within a FSU: The remaining paragraphs of this sub-section outlines the various steps leading to the actual selection of USUs within a FSU.

Criterion for hamlet-group/ sub-block formation: After identification of the boundaries of the FSU, it is to be determined whether listing was done in the whole sample FSU or not. In case the population of the selected FSU is found to be 1200 or more, it should be divided into a suitable number (say, D) of 'hamlet-groups' in the rural sector and 'sub-blocks' in the urban sector by more or less equalising the population as stated below.

approximate present population of the sample FSU no. of hg's/sb's to be formed

less than 1200 (no hamlet-groups/sub-blocks) 1
1200 to 1799 3
1800 to 2399 4
2400 to 2999 5
3000 to 3599 6
…………..and so on

For rural areas of Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand (except four districts Dehradun (P), Nainital (P), Hardwar and Udham Singh Nagar), Poonch, Rajouri, Udhampur, Doda, Leh (Ladakh), Kargil districts of Jammu and Kashmir and Idukki district of Kerala, the number of hamlet-groups were formed as follows:

approximate present population of the sample village no. of hg's to be formed

less than 600 (no hamlet-groups) 1 600 to 899 3 900 to 1199 4 1200 to 1499 5 .………..and so on

Formation and selection of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks: In case hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks are to be formed in the sample FSU, the same should be done by more or less equalizing population.It was ensured that the hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks formed were clearly identifiable in terms of physical landmarks.

Two hamlet-groups (hg)/ sub-blocks (sb) were selected from a large FSU wherever hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks have been formed in the following manner - one hg/ sb with maximum percentage share of population always selected and termed as hg/ sb 1; one more hg/ sb selected from the remaining hg's/ sb's by simple random sampling (SRS) and termed as hg/ sb 2. Listing and selection of the households done independently in the two selected hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks. The FSUs without hg/ sb formation treated as sample hg/ sb number 1. It is to be noted that if more than one hg/ sb have same maximum percentage share of population, the one among them which is listed first in block 4.2 of schedule 0.0 treated as hg/ sb 1.

Listing of households: Having determined the hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks, i.e. area(s) to be considered for listing, the next step is to list all the households (including those found to be temporarily locked after ascertaining the temporariness of locking of households through

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) has been carrying out All-India surveys on consumer expenditure. While some of these smaller-scale surveys are spread over a full year and others over six months only, the quinquennial (full-scale) surveys have all been of a full year's duration. Household consumer expenditure is measured as the expenditure incurred by a household on domestic account during a specified period, called reference period. It includes the imputed values of goods and services, which are not purchased but procured otherwise for consumption. In other words, it is the sum total of monetary values of all the items (i.e. goods and services) consumed by the household on domestic account during the reference period. Any expenditure incurred towards the productive enterprises of the households is also excluded from household consumer expenditure. To minimise recall errors, a very detailed item classification is adopted to collect information, including items of food, items of fuel, items of clothing, bedding and footwear, items of educational and medical expenses, items of durable goods and other items. The schedule has also collected some other household particulars including age, sex and educational level etc. of each household member. The schedule design for the survey is more or less similar to that adopted in the previous rounds.

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometers of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample Design A stratified multi-stage design was followed for this survey. The first stage units (FSUs) were villages (Panchayat wards for Kerala) / UFS blocks (wards for 61 towns of Karnataka where UFS blocks were not used during EC '98 work) [hereinafter referred to as 61 towns of Karnataka] and the ultimate stage units (USUs) were enterprises and households. For larger FSUs requiring hamlet group (hg)/ sub-block (sb) formation, another stage was the selection of hg's / sb's.

Sampling frame: List of EconomicCensus 1998 (EC '98) villages (Panchayat wards for Kerala) / UFS blocks (wards for 61 towns of Karnataka) was taken as the sampling frame for FSUs. General strata was formed from the remaining FSUs in the following manner.

Rural: In the rural areas each NSS region was treated as a stratum. Urban: In the urban areas, strata was formed within an NSS region as under: (i) towns with population (P) less than or equal to 10 lakhs and (ii) each town with P > 10 lakhs as per Population Census 1991.

Total sample size (FSUs): A total of 15869 samples (FSUs) were allocated for the central sample in this round. The corresponding figure for state sample was 17291. All states and UTs (except A & N Islands, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Lakshadweep) participated at least on an equal matching basis.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The data for this survey is collected in the NSS Schedule 1.0 used for household consumer expenditure. For this round, the schedule had the following blocks.

Blocks 1 and 2 - are similar to the ones used in usual NSS rounds. These are used to record identification of sample households and particulars of field operations.

Block-3: Household characteristics like, household size, principal industry-occupation, social group, land possessed, primary source of energy used for cooking and lighting etc. have been recorded in this block.

Block-4: In this block detailed demographic particulars including age, sex, educational level, marital status, number of meals usually taken in a day etc. has been recorded.

Block-5: In this block cash purchase and household consumption of food, pan, tobacco and intoxicants during the last 30 days have been recorded.

Block-5.1: In this block cash purchase and household consumption of fuel and light during the last 30 days have been recorded.

Block-6: Monthly household consumption of clothing has been recorded in this block.

Block-7: Monthly household consumption of footwear has been recorded in this block.

Block-8.1 : Annual household expenditure on education and medical (institutional) goods and services has been recorded here.

Block-8.2 : Monthly household expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services including medical (non-institutional), rents and taxes has been recorded here.

Block-9 : Annual household expenditure for purchase and construction (including repairs) of durable goods for domestic use has been recorded here.

Block-10 : Perception of households regarding sufficiency of food has been recorded here.

Block-11 : Summary of household consumer expenditure has been recorded here.

Abstract

The National Sample Surveys (NSS) are conducted by the Government of India since 1950 to collect data on various socio-economic indicators employing scientific sampling methods. The seventy-ninth round of NSS will commence from July 2022. NSS 79th round is earmarked for collection of data for compilation of a number of SDG indicators through a „Comprehensive Annual Modular Survey (CAMS)" along with a survey on Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa-Rigpa/Amchi and Homoeopathy (AYUSH).

The 79th round NSS will also cover the first ever all-India survey on AYUSH. The survey on AYUSH will be undertaken simultaneously with CAMS. This survey will gather information for development of the following braod indicators: Percentage of population aware of AYUSH system, Percentage of population hospitalized for taking AYUSH treatment during last365 days, Ailment/disease for which hospitalization is made, The system(s) of AYUSH (namely, Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Sowa-Rigpa, Yoga & Naturopathy and Homeopathy) used for taking treatment on hospitalization, Expenditure incurred on AYUSH medicines/treatment for hospitalization during last 365 days, Percentage of population taken treatment using AYUSH medicines as an outpatient during last 365 days, Usage of AYUSH medicines for pre-natal and post-natal care.

Geographic coverage

15416 FSUs will be surveyed at all-India level for CAMS and AYUSH survey. The survey will cover the whole of the Indian union except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which are difficult to access.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household.

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Sampling procedure

Sample Design

Formation of sub-units (SUs): Rural areas: A rural village will be notionally divided into a number of sub-units (SU) of more or less equal population during the preparation of frame. Census 2011 population of villages will be projected by applying suitable growth rates and the number of SUs to be formed in a village will be determined apriori.

The above procedure of SU formation will be implemented in the villages with population more than or equal to 1000 as per Census 2011. In the remaining villages, no SU will be formed.

The number of SUs to be formed in the villages (with Census 2011 population 1000 or more) of the frame will be decided before selection of the samples following the criteria given below: projected population of the village no. of SUs to be formed less than 1200 1 1200 to 2399 2 2400 to 3599 3 3600 to 4799 4 4800 to 5999 5 .......and so on ....

Special case: For rural areas of (i) Himachal Pradesh, (ii) Sikkim, (iii) Andaman & Nicobar Islands, (iv) Uttarakhand (except four districts Dehradun, Nainital, Hardwar and Udham Singh Nagar), (v) Punch, Rajouri, Udhampur, Reasi, Doda, Kishtwar, Ramban of Jammu and Kashmir (vi) Leh and Kargil districts of Ladakh region and (vii) Idukki district of Kerala, numbers of SUs to be formed in a village will be determined in such a way that each SU contains 600 or less projected population. Further, SUs will not be formed in the villages in the above mentioned districts/States with population less than 500 as per Census 2011. In the remaining villages the number of SUs to be formed for these States/districts will be as follows: projected population of the village no. of SUs to be formed less than 600 1 600 to 1199 2 1200 to 1799 3 1800 to 2399 4 2400 to 2999 5 .......and so on ....

Urban areas: SUs will be formed in urban sector also. The procedure will be similar to that adopted in rural areas except that SUs will be formed on the basis of households in the UFS frame instead of population, since UFS frame does not have population. Each UFS block with number of households more than or equal to 250 will be divided into a number of SUs. In the remaining UFS blocks, no SU will be formed.

The number of SUs to be formed in the UFS blocks of the frame will be decided before selection of the samples following the criteria given below: number of households of the UFS block no. of SUs to be formed less than 250 1 250 to 499 2 500 to 749 3 750 to 999 4 1000 to 1249 5 .......and so on ....

Stratification of FSUs: Rural Sector: A Special Rural stratum, at all-India level, will be formed comprising all the uninhabited villages as per census 2011 belonging to all States/UT. For the remaining villages which are inhabited as per census 2011, districts will be basic geographical unit for stratum formation. Within each district, two Stratum will be formed: (a) The villages (i) within a distance of 5 Kms from the district headquarter or (ii) within a distance of 5 Kms from a city/town with more than 5 lakh population, will form a stratum (stratum 1). The information will be obtained from the village directory of census 2011. It will be the stratum 1 for a particular district. (b) Rest of the villages will constitute another stratum (stratum 2) of the particular district.

Urban Sector: Two or more strata will be formed in urban areas of each district: (i) each million plus city as per census 2011 will constitute separate stratum . Stratum no will be 01, 02, 03....,19 (ii) rest of the urban areas of the district. Stratum no will be 20.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

As a follow-up survey of the Third Economic Census which was conducted in the year 1990, National Sample Survey Organisation conducted a survey on small trading units in its 53rd round. The objective of the survey was to throw up estimates of some important characteistics like number of enterprises, number of workers, value added and trade margins of commodities sold by the enterprises on the basis of the samples selected.

The coverage of the fifty-third round of the NSS was restricted to all non-directory trading establishments(NDTEs) and own account trading enterprises (OATEs) except the public sector trading enterprises/establishments. The term 'enterprise' meant trading enterprises as well as establishments.The other part, comprising Directory Trading Establishments (DTEs), which employ six or more workers, had been surveyed separately under the technical guidance of the Central Statistical Organisation during October 1 996 to September 1997. As such, information for the entire trade sector becomes available for the period 1996-97.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union excepting (i) Ladakh & Kargil districts of J & K (ii) 768 interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond 5 kms. of the bus route and (iii) 195 villages of A & N Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected Enterprises/establishments based on sampling procedure

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected enterprises/establishments

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A stratified two-stage sampling design was adopted for the survey. The first stage units (FSUs) were the villages (panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and UFS blocks in the urban sector. The second-stage units were the OATEs and NDTEs for the trade survey. The total all -India sample size of FSUs was allocated to different States/U.Ts in proportion to the number of workers engaged in OATEs/NDTEs in the respective States/U.Ts ( estimated as number of OATE/NDTE as per EC '90 multiplied by estimated number of workers per enterprise based on NSS 46th round) subject to a minimum allocation given to the State/U.Ts depending upon the total number of districts and town classes for the State/U.T. The State/U.T level sample size was again allocated to the rural and urban sectors in proportion to the number of workers.

Rural sector design

Sampling frame : The list of villages showing number of OATEs and NDTEs as per 1990 Economic Census was used for selection of villages in the States/U.Ts wherever such frame was available. For Kerala, list of Panchayat wards giving count of OATEs /NDTEs has been used as the frame for selecting Panchayat wards f or the the survey instead of villages. For Jammu & Kashmir, the 1981 census lists of villages forms the frame. For Andaman & Nicober islands, Lakshadweep and 5 districts of Madhya Pradesh, 1991 census lists were used as frame. For Andaman & Nicober Islands, villages remaining inaccessible throughout the year were excluded from the frame. For Nagaland, onlyvillages connected by bus or situated within 5 kms of the bus route were included in the frame.

Stratification : Each district generally formed a broad stratum. However, for Gujarat, where NSS regions cut across district boundaries, parts of each such part of a district formed a separate stratum. If any district (or part thereof lying in an NSS region in case of Gujarat) had a small number of trading enterprises, it was clubbed with a neighbouring district to form a broad stratum in order to ensure a minimum allocation. To net an adequate number of NDTEs in the sample, each broad stratum was divided into two area types : (i) Area type 1 consisting of villages having at least one NDTE, and (ii) Area type 2 consisting of the remaining villages of the broad stratum.

Where population census frames were used for selection of fsus , there was no division as above. In such cases, all the villages were classified in area type 2.

Allocation of sample villages among strata and area types : The State/U.T level rural sample size was allocated among the strata in proportion to number of workers. While allocating as above, it was maintained that NSS region level allocation were multiples of 8 and stratum level allocation is at least 4 but in multiples of 2. This was done in order to allocate at least two fsu's to each of the area types. The stratum level allocation was again di stributed between two area types in proportion to number of NDTEs and OATEs taking into consideration that allocation for each area type was in multiples of 2.

Selection of fsu's : Villages were selected in the form of two independent sub-sampl es from each broad stratum X area type using circular systematic sampling with probability proportional to size, the size being the number of (OATE + NDTE) for area type 1 and the number of OATEs ( after assigning a size of 1 to the fsu's having no tradi ng enterprise) for area type 2.

Where population census frame was used, villages were selected using circular systematic sampling with probability proportional to population. For Lakshadweep and A & N Islands, however, equal probability sampling was adopted.

Urban sector design :

Sampling Frame : The latest available list of UFS blocks was used as sampling frame for selection of fsu's for all cities and towns.

Stratification : Town classes (broad strata) were formed within each district by grouping cities/towns according to population sizes as per '91 census. To net adequate number of trading enterprises in the sample, each town class was divided into two area types. Area type 1 consisted of the UFS blocks designated as 'bazar area' and area type 2 consisting of the remaining blocks of the town class.

Allocation of sample blocks among districts, town classes and area types : The state/u..t. level urban allocation is allocated among the districts and town classes in proportion of the number of workers. It is, however, ensured that NSS region level allocations were in multiples of 8 and town class level allocations were at least 4 and were in multiples of 2. Town class level allocations were further allocated between two area types in such a way that UFS blocks of area type 1 get completely surveyed (central and state samples combined) subject to a maximum of 50% of allocation for town class level. Area type wise allocations were in multiples of 2.

Selection of blocks : For both the area types, sample blocks were selected circular systematically in the form of two independent sub-samples with equal probability.

Sampling of enterprises : All the OATEs and NDTEs of the selected village/block excluding those in the public sector and which operated for at least 30 days (15 days in case of seasonal enterprises) during the last 365 days preceding the date of survey were considered for sampling. All such, eligible enterprises were classified into three classes termed as 'enterprise class' according to the total number of workers (including hired workers) employed in the enterprises on a regular basis. The classes were as follows :

         ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
           Enterprise            Composition of the class 
           class code 
         ------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- 

             1        all OATEs and NDTEs with one worker only. 

             2        all OATEs and NDTEs with two workers only. 

             3        all OATEs and NDTEs with three or more workers. 
         ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Before selecting enterprises from enterprise classes, all the enterprises within an enterprise class were arranged in ascending order of their NIC codes. The number of enterprises selected from enterprise classes 1, 2 and 3 were 4, 6 and 6 respectively. If there is a shortfall in enterprise class 3, it is made up from enterprise class 2, if possible, otherwise from enterprise class 1. Similarly, if there is a shortfall in enterprise class 2, it is made up from enterprise class 3, failing which from enterprise class 1. The priority order for compensation is 3rd, 2nd and 1st enterprise class.

The required number of enterprises were selected from each enterprise class circular systematically with equal probability.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sampling design

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The schedule 2.41.2 consists of 10 blocks as given below,

Block 0 : Descriptive identification of sample enterprise Block 1 : Identification of sample enterprise Block 2 : Particulars of operation and background information
Block 3 : Employment particulars during reference month
Block 4: Account of commodities purchased and sold Block 5: Expenditure of the enterprise during reference month Block 6: Calculation of gross value added during reference month Block 7: Trade Margin for different commodities traded Block 8 The particulars of field operation. Blocks 9 and 10:Remarks by the investigator and comments by the supervisory officers.

Response rate

The number of first-stage units (villages in the rural areas and UFS

Abstract

The surveys on 'Household Social Consumption: Education' conducted by NSSO covers both qualitative and quantitative aspects related to educational attainment of the household members and educational services used by them. Qualitative aspects include literacy, educational level attained, type of institution, current attendance/enrolment, whether received free education, reason for 'never enrolled'/'ever enrolled but currently not attending', etc. On quantitative aspects, information was collected on 'expenditure incurred/to be incurred on education' of the household member by the household itself, by other households or by any institutions/organizations other than Government.

Reference period : July 2017-June 2018

Period of survey and work programme: The survey period of the round will be divided into four sub-rounds of three months’ duration each as follows: sub-round 1 : July - September 2017 sub-round 2 : October - December 2017 sub-round 3 : January - March 2018 sub-round 4 : April - June 2018

Objective of Survey on 'Household Social Consumption: Education' (Schedule 25.2): The main objective of the survey on “Household Social Consumption: Education” conducted by NSSO is to build indicators on participation of the persons in the education system, expenditure incurred on education of the household members and on various aspects of those currently not attending education (i.e., for the persons who never enrolled or who ever enrolled but currently not attending education). The surveys on ‘Household Social Consumption: Education’ conducted by NSSO covers both qualitative and quantitative aspects related to educational attainment of the household members and educational services used by them. Qualitative aspects include literacy, educational level attained, type of institution, nature of institution, current attendance/enrolment, whether received free education, reason for never enrolled/ever enrolled but currently not attending, etc. On quantitative aspects, information is collected on expenditure incurred/to be incurred on education of the household member by the household itself, by other households or by any institutions/organizations other than Government.

Geographic coverage

The survey cover's the whole of the Indian Union except except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which are difficult to access

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household.

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Sampling procedure

Sample Design 3.1 Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 75th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the Census villages (Panchayat wards for Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In the case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU. 3.2 Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2011 Population Census villages constitutes the sampling frame. However, for Kerala, the latest available updated list of Panchayat wards constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the latest available list of UFS blocks has been considered as the sampling frame. 3.3 Stratification: (a) Each district is a stratum. Within each district of a State/UT, generally speaking, two basic strata have been formed: (i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district. However, within the urban areas of a district, if there are one or more towns with population one million or more as per Census 2011, each of them formed as a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district have been considered as another basic stratum. (b) In the case of rural sectors of Nagaland another special stratum has been formed within the State consisting of all the villages which are difficult to access. 3.4 Sub-stratification: 3.4.1 Rural sector: If ‘r’ be the sample size allocated for a rural stratum, ‘r/4’ sub-strata are formed in that stratum. The villages within a stratum (district) as per frame are first arranged in ascending order of population. Then sub-strata 1 to ‘r/4’ have been demarcated in such a way that each substratum comprises a group of villages of the arranged frame and has more or less equal population. 3.4.2 Urban sector: Each urban stratum has been divided into two parts - ‘Affluent part’ consisting of UFS blocks identified as ‘Affluent Area’ and ‘Non-Affluent part’ consisting of the remaining UFS blocks within the stratum. Sample allocation of a stratum is then allocated to Affluent and Non-Affluent parts in proportion to total number of households in the UFS blocks with double weightage to Affluent part subject to a maximum of 8 FSUs in ‘Affluent part’ of any stratum. If ‘u’ be the sample size allocated for an urban stratum consisting of both affluent area UFS Blocks and non affluent area UFS Blocks. ‘u/4’ sub-strata are formed within each stratum. Out of these ‘u/4’ substrata, the first two sub-strata ‘01’ and ‘02’ are earmarked for those UFS blocks which are identified as ‘Affluent Area’ and the remaining sub-strata, ‘03’, ‘04’,…... and so on, are assigned to the nonaffluent UFS blocks. If any stratum does not have any Affluent Area UFS block then also the substratum number starts from ‘03’ for that stratum. For all strata, if u/4 >1, implying formation of 2 or more sub-strata, all the UFS blocks within the stratum are first arranged in ascending order of total number of households in the UFS Blocks as per the latest UFS phase. Then sub-strata 1 to ‘u/4’ are demarcated in such a way that each sub-stratum has more or less equal number of households. This procedure has been done separately for Affluent-part and Non-Affluent part of the stratum (if two sub-strata are required to be formed in the Affluent part). The following three cases arise while doing the sub-stratification: i) If there is no ‘Affluent Area’ UFS block in the stratum, all the UFS blocks are divided into ‘u/4’ sub-strata and numbered as ‘03’, ‘04’, ….., ‘(u/4)+2’. ii) If only one sub-stratum is formed with the ‘Affluent Area’ UFS blocks, then all the remaining non-affluent blocks are divided into ‘(u-4)/4’ sub-strata and numbered as ‘03’, ‘04’, ….., ‘(u/4)+1’. iii) If two sub-strata are formed with the ‘Affluent Area’ blocks, then all the remaining non-affluent UFS blocks are divided into ‘(u-8)/4’ sub-strata and numbered as ‘03’, ‘04’, ….., ‘u/4’. 3.5 Total sample size (FSUs): 14300 FSUs have been allocated for the central sample at all-India level. For the state sample, there are 16492 FSUs allocated for all-India. 3.6 Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs has been allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per Census 2011 subject to a minimum sample allocation to each State/UT. 3.7 Allocation of State/ UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/ UT level sample size has been allocated between two sectors in proportion to population as per Census 2011 with 1.5 weightage to urban sector depending on population share. A minimum of 16 FSUs (minimum 8 each for rural and urban sector separately) have been allocated to each State/ UT. 3.8 Allocation to strata: Within each sector of a State/ UT, the respective sample size has been allocated to the different strata in proportion to the population as per Census 2011. Stratum level allocation has been adjusted to multiples of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4. For special stratum formed in rural areas of Nagaland as discussed in para 3.3 (b), 12 FSUs have been allocated. 3.9 Allocation to sub-strata: Allocation for each sub-stratum has been made as 4 in both rural and urban sectors. 3.10 Selection of FSUs: 3.10.1 For the rural sector, from each stratum/sub-stratum, required number of sample villages has been selected by Probability Proportional to Size With Replacement (PPSWR), size being the population of the village as per Census 2011. 3.10.2 For the urban sector, from each stratum/sub-stratum, FSUs have been selected by Probability Proportional to Size With Replacement (PPSWR), size being the number of households of the UFS Block. Both rural and urban samples are drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples. 3.11 Selection of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks - important steps 3.11.1 Criterion for hamlet-group/ sub-block formation: After identification of the boundaries of the FSU, it is to be determined whether listing is to be done in the whole sample FSU or not. In case the approximate present population of the selected FSU is found to be 1200 or more, it is divided into a suitable number (say, D) of ‘hamlet-groups’ in the rural sector and ‘sub-blocks’ in the urban sector by more or less equalising the population as stated below. approximate present population of the sample FSU no. of hgs/sbs formed less than 1200 (no hamlet-group/sub-block) 1 1200 to 1799 3 1800 to 2399 4 2400 to 2999 5 3000 to 3599 6 …...and so on - For rural areas of Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Uttarakhand (except four districts Dehradun, Nainital, Hardwar and Udham Singh Nagar), Punch, Rajouri, Udhampur, Reasi, Doda, Kishtwar, Ramban, Ladakh region (Leh and Kargil districts) of Jammu and Kashmir and Idukki district of Kerala, the number of hamlet-groups to be formed as