Abstract

The National Sample Survey (NSS) is a collection of micro data with information on: - Employment & unemployment - Household consumer expenditure - Housing condition survey - Domestic tourism - Unorganized service sector - Agricultural and non-agricultural enterprises - And more The NSS is one of the oldest household surveys in the world and has been collected since 1950. More than 79 rounds of data have been collected by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation so far.

Documentation

Please visit the NSS data portal and the data catalogue of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation of the Government of India.

Methodology

Surveys have been collected in rural and urban areas in India and can be considered nationally and subnationally representative. With increasing demand for disaggregated information NSS rounds became either "thick" rounds (quinquennial) on a larger sample of households and "thin" rounds in between those five years surveying about 35-40% of the "thick" sample. Topics are also rotated so that certain modules are only available in particular rounds. Over time the data collection procedures have varied and thus make cross-survey comparability limited, especially around the 55th round.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

households/individuals

Kind of data

survey

Frequency of data collection

Yearly

Sampling procedure

Sample size:

Abstract

To take care of the limitations of the earlier Time Use Studies in India and to meet the new emerging data requirements, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India, therefore, conducted a pilot Time Use Survey in 18620 households spread over six selected states , namely, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Orissa, Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya during the period July, 1998 to June, 1999.

Following were the main objectives of this survey:

1. To develop a conceptual framework and a suitable methodology for designing and conducting time use studies in India on a regular basis. Also, to evolve a methodology to estimate labour force/work force in the country and to estimate the value of unpaid work in the economy in a satellite account.

2. To infer policy/programme implications from the analysis of the data on (a) distribution of paid and unpaid work among men and women in rural and urban areas, (b) nature of unpaid work of women including the drudgery of their work and (c) sharing of household work by men and women for gender equity.

3. To analyze the time use pattern of the individuals to understand the nature of their work so as to draw inference for employment and welfare programmes for them.

4. To analyze the data of the time use pattern of the specific section of the population such as children and women to draw inferences for welfare policies for them.

5. To collect and analyze the time use pattern of people in the selected states in India in order to have a comprehensive information about the time spent by people on marketed and non-marketed economic activities covered under the 1993-SNA, non marketed non-SNA activities covered under the General Production Boundary and on personal care and related activities that cannot be delegated to others.

6. To use the data in generating more reliable estimates on work force and national income as per 1993 SNA, and in computing the value of unpaid work through separate satellite account,

Keeping in view the importance of the survey for India and our specific socio-economic situation similar to other developing countries, this survey was conducted using own financial, technical and manpower resources. Moreover, to ensure capacity building for conducting such surveys on a regular basis, this survey was conducted by utilizing the official statistical system machinery.

Geographic coverage

Six States and their Urban and Rural area

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

All residential Households of Six States.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design adopted in the survey was three stage stratified design. The first, second and third stages were the district, villages/urban blocks and households. Proper stratification of the districts in the selected states were done using the population density and proportion of tribal population to ensure capturing of the variability in the population. In the villages/urban blocks also sub-stratification was adopted to ensure representation of all types of households in the Survey.

The total number of households covered in the sample was 18,628 planned. The total sample size of 18,628 households were first distributed in proportion to the total number of estimated households as per the 1993-94 survey of the National Sample Survey Organisation. No. of first stage units (villages and sample blocks) were determined using the initial sample size to be allocated to each state and by assuming that in each f.s.u. , 12 households will be surveyed. The number of f.s.u. so arrived at was adjusted to be multiple of 8 as atleast 2 f.s.u. each may be covered in 4 sub-rounds.

Selection of villages : All the villages in the selected district were grouped in 3 categories namely large (population above 1200), medium (population between 400 to 1200) and small(population less than 400) . The total rural sample was distributed in three stratum in proportion to the population in the three stratum. In case any stratum was not applicable in a particular district, the allocated sample was distributed in the remaining stratum only. If more than one village was to be selected in the particular stratum , then villages-were selected using circular systematic sampling with probability proportional to the population. If all the three strata were present then minimum sample size allotted in each stratum was 2.

Selection of urban sample blocks : All the towns in the selected district were grouped in 3 categories namely large(population more than 2 lakhs), medium(population between 50000 to 2 lakhs) and small (population less than 50000) . The total urban sample was distributed in three stratum in proportion to the population in the three stratum. In case any stratum was not applicable in a particular district, the allocated sample was distributed in the remaining stratum only. If more than one sample block was to be selected in the particular stratum, then ufs blocks in each of the towns were presented by investigator unit and ufs blocks no. The requisite number of ufs blocks were then selected by using circular systematic sampling with equal probability. If all the three strata were present then minimum sample size allocated in each stratum was 2 due to this, in some cases, overall urban sample size allotted in a particular district might have increased.

As no previous survey was conducted on this topic and methodologies to be used were not firmed up, it was decided to conduct this survey on a pilot basis. However, to ensure the use of data collected in the pilot survey also, a proper sampling procedure was followed.

Refer the attached document named 'Report' attached under external resource

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sample deviation.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The final questionnaire used in the survey was evolved after a number of discussion with the academic experts and the practising survey statisticians. The final questionnaire consisted of following three parts: i. Schedule 0.1: Listing Questionnaire for the Rural Areas ii. Schedule 0.2: Listing Questionnaire for the Urban Areas iii. Schedule 0.3: Household Questionnaire which consist of following Blocks

(a) Block 0: Identification of Sample Households (b) Block 1: Household Characteristics (c) Block 2: Particulars of Household Members (d) Block 3: Time Disposition of Persons on Selected Days of the Week

A copy of the questionnaire is attached as external resource

Cleaning operations

The date entry and validation work of the Survey was handled by the States for which data entry and validation packages were supplied by the Central Statistical Organization. A Workshop was also organized to sort out the various problems faced by the States in the use of these packages. For evolving the data entry and validation package, the help of Data Processing Division of the National Sample Survey Organization was taken. The validated data was sent by States to the CSO and the final processing of the data was done by the Computer Centre of the Department. In spite of severe problem faced ion the operation of main-frame computer at the Computer Center, data processing work of the Survey completed by the end of November, 99.

Response rate

The total number of households covered in the sample was 18.591 as against 18,620 originally planned. 68 % of the households was in rural areas. Therefore, the non-response at 0.1 % was negligible.

Sampling error estimates

The standard error estimates may be calculated on the basis of sub-sample wise estimates of stratum totals.

For Detail refere to Page no 18 of the Report of The Time Use Survey 1998.

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), Government of India, since its inception in 1950 has been conducting nationwide integrated large scale sample surveys, employing scientific sampling methods, to generate data and statistical indicators on diverse socio-economic aspects. In its 70th round of survey, conducted during the period 1st January, 2013 to 31st December, 2013, NSSO carried out a Situation Assessment Survey (SAS) of Agricultural Households.

The SAS 2013 (70th round) was conducted as a repeat of the SAS conducted in the 59th round, with the same aim of capturing the condition of agricultural households in the country in the context of policies and programme of the Government of India. The survey schedule was designed for collection of information on various aspects relating to farming and other socio-economic characteristics of agricultural households. Along with information on consumer expenditure, income and productive assets, their indebtedness, farming practices and preferences, resource availability, their awareness of technological developments and access to modern technology in the field of agriculture, information on crop loss, crop insurance and awareness about Minimum Support Price (MSP) was also collected during 70th round. The information was collected in two visits from the same set of sample households with a view to collect relevant information separately for the two major agricultural seasons in a year.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

The universe of the survey include all household members.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 70th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages updated by excluding the villages urbanised and including the towns de-urbanised after 2001 census (henceforth the term 'village' would mean Panchayat wards for Kerala) constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the latest updated list of UFS blocks (2007-12) is considered as the sampling frame.

A total number of 8042 FSUs were allocated for the central sample at all-India level. For the state sample, 8998 FSUs were allocated for all-India. A detailed description of the sampling strategy is given in the Note on Sample Design and Estimation Procedure of NSS 70th Round, attached in the documentation/external resource.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face paper [f2f]

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

households/individuals

Kind of data

survey

Frequency of data collection

Quarterly

Sampling procedure

Sample size:

Geographic coverage

The ASI extends to the entire country

Analysis unit

The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is a factory in the case of manufacturing industries, a workshop in the case of repair services, an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas & water supply undertakings and an establishment in the case of bidi & cigar industries. The owner of two or more establishments located in the same State and pertaining to the same industry group and belonging to census scheme is, however, permitted to furnish a single consolidated return. Such consolidated returns are common feature in the case of bidi and cigar establishments, electricity and certain public sector undertakings.

Universe

The ASI covers all factories registered under Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948 i.e. those factories employing 10 or more workers using power; and those employing 20 or more workers without using power. The survey also covers bidi and cigar manufacturing establishments registered under the Bidi & Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966 with coverage as above. All electricity undertakings engaged in generation, transmission and distribution of electricity registered with the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) were covered under ASI irrespective of their employment size. Certain servicing units and activities like water supply, cold storage, repairing of motor vehicles and other consumer durables like watches etc. are covered under the Survey. Though servicing industries like motion picture production, personal services like laundry services, job dyeing, etc. are covered under the Survey but data are not tabulated, as these industries do not fall under the scope of industrial sector defined by the United Nations. Defence establishments, oil storage and distribution depots, restaurants, hotels, café and computer services and the technical training institutes, etc. are excluded from the purview of the Survey.

From ASI 1998-99, the electricity units registered with the CEA and the departmental units such as railway workshops, RTC workshops, Govt. Mints, sanitary, water supply, gas storage etc. are not covered, as there are alternative sources of their data compilation for the GDP estimates by the National Accounts Division of CSO.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The ASI frame is based on the lists of registered factory / units maintained by the Chief Inspector of Factories (CIF) in each state and those maintained by registration authorities in respect of bidi and cigar establishments and electricity undertakings. The frame is being revised and updated periodically by the Regional Offices of the Field Operations Division of NSSO in consultation with the Chief Inspector of Factories in the state. At the time of revision, the names of the de-registered factories are removed from the ASI frame and those of the newly registered factories are added. In updation, only new registrations are added to the existing frame. In spite of regular updating of the frame, quite a number of small-sized factories selected for the survey are found to be non-existing in the field and are termed as deleted factories. However, such factories are not taken into consideration for the purpose of tabulation and analysis in this report.

Abstract

The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is the principal source of industrial statistics in India. It provides statistical information to assess changes in the growth, composition and structure of organised manufacturing sector comprising activities related to manufacturing processes, repair services, gas and water supply and cold storage. The Survey is conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics Act 1953, and the Rules framed there-under in 1959, except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is conducted under the State Collection of Statistics Act, 1961 and the rules framed there-under in 1964.

Geographic coverage

The ASI extends to the entire country

Analysis unit

The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is a factory in the case of manufacturing industries, a workshop in the case of repair services, an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas & water supply undertakings and an establishment in the case of bidi & cigar industries. The owner of two or more establishments located in the same State and pertaining to the same industry group and belonging to census scheme is, however, permitted to furnish a single consolidated return. Such consolidated returns are common feature in the case of bidi and cigar establishments, electricity and certain public sector undertakings.

Universe

The ASI covers all factories registered under Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948 i.e. those factories employing 10 or more workers using power; and those employing 20 or more workers without using power. The survey also covers bidi and cigar manufacturing establishments registered under the Bidi & Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966 with coverage as above. All electricity undertakings engaged in generation, transmission and distribution of electricity registered with the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) were covered under ASI irrespective of their employment size. Certain servicing units and activities like water supply, cold storage, repairing of motor vehicles and other consumer durables like watches etc. are covered under the Survey. Though servicing industries like motion picture production, personal services like laundry services, job dyeing, etc. are covered under the Survey but data are not tabulated, as these industries do not fall under the scope of industrial sector defined by the United Nations. Defence establishments, oil storage and distribution depots, restaurants, hotels, café and computer services and the technical training institutes, etc. are excluded from the purview of the Survey.

From ASI 1998-99, the electricity units registered with the CEA and the departmental units such as railway workshops, RTC workshops, Govt. Mints, sanitary, water supply, gas storage etc. are not covered, as there are alternative sources of their data compilation for the GDP estimates by the National Accounts Division of CSO.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sampling design adopted for ASI 2005-06:

i) Units with 100 or more workers will be categorized as census sector and the rest of the units will be treated as sample sector, without any change in the existing criteria; ii) In the sample sector, the units will be stratified at 4 digit level of NIC-04 in each State separately and 1/5th of the units in each strata will be selected circular systematically for coverage in each ASI subject to a minimum sample size of 6 units in each stratum; iii) This design will ensure that the whole universe of units is covered in five years; iv) The classification of the units in the frame into census and sample sectors should be done in the beginning of the 5-year cycle and it should not be disturbed during the course of the cycle; v) At the end of the cycle when the data on the all the units in the frame become available the frame should be updated and then the composition of census and sample sector should be re-drafted; vi) In respect of the new units getting registered each year of the last 4 years in the 5-year cycle, a supplementary frame has to be prepared for each year and units for coverage from this supplementary frame of each year may be selected using the same criteria as was applied to the main frame.

Sampling deviation

The sampling design has undergone changes in the past on several occasions.

Cleaning operations

Data submitted by the factories undergo manual scrutiny at different stages.

1) They are verified by field staff of NSSO from factory records.

2) Verified returns are manually scrutinized by senior level staff before sending to data processing centre.

3) At the data processing centre these are scrutinized before data entry.

4) The entered data are subjected to computer editing and corrections.

5) Tabulated data are checked for anomalies and consistency with previous results.

"The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is the principal source of industrial statistics in India. It provides statistical information to assess and evaluate, objectively and realistically, the changes in the growth, composition and structure of organised manufacturing sector comprising activities related to manufacturing processes, repair services, gas and water supply and cold storage. Industrial sector occupies an important position in the Indian economy and has a pivotal role to play in the rapid and balanced economic development. Viewed in this context the collection and dissemination of ASI data, on a regular basis, are of vital importance. The Survey is conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics Act 2008, and the Rules framed there-under in 2011, except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is conducted under the State Collection of Statistics Act, 1961 and the rules framed there-under in 1964"--Publisher website (http://mospi.nic.in/mospi_new/upload/asi/ASI_main.htm)

Abstract

Genesis One of the main task of the statistical system of a country is to provide the planners and policy makers with information on various aspects of economic' social and related activities in terms of its contribution to national economy and life, are available on a time series basis. Information on some other activities, though small in terms of its economic contribution but huge in terms of participating employment, was sparsely available through type studies and pilot surveys. In order to bridge the data gaps in these unrecorded but visible economic activities, the Central Statistical Organization (CSO) had embarked upon a programe of bationwide census of all economic activities, called the Economic Census (EC) which was followed by periodic detailed enquiries on a sample basis.

EARLIER CENSUSES

ECONOMIC CENSUS (EC 1977)

1.2 The first Economic Census to collect information in the non-agricultural economy was conducted in 1977, wherein the coverage was restricted only to non-agricultural enterprises employing at least one hired worker on a fairly regular basis. The census was undertaken with the participation of the Directorate of Economics & Statistics in various States/UTS by utilizing the services of persons appointed on a temporary/part-time basis. All the States/UTS of India, except the Union Territory of Lakshadweep were covered in the census. The EC 1977 adopted a dual approach; viz. (i) house listing approach for the urban areas and also for villages with a population of more than 5,000 as per 1971 population census in rural areas and (ii) village level enquiry for the remaining villages in the rural areas.

1.3 An establishment slip for recording the activity carried on, number of persons usually working with hired components, location and other basic characteristics including value of output/turnover was canvassed. However, in case of manufacturing activity details about the output were also collected for important items. A schedule giving village amenities was also canvassed with details of various services available and the distance from the village to avail such facilities.

1.4 Reports based on the data of EC 1977 at State/UT and all-India levels were prepared and published. Tables giving the activity group wise distribution of establishments with selected characteristics and with rural and urban break-up were generated. State-wise details for major activities and size class of employment, inter-alia, were also presented in tables. 1.5 The census was followed by detailed sample surveys during 1978-79 and 1979-80 covering the enterprises engaged in Manufacturing, Trade, Hotels & Restaurants, Transport, Storage & Warehousing and services. Detailed information on employment, emoluments, capital structure, input, etc. was collected. The data were disseminated in the form of reports giving all important characteristics on each of the concerned subject.

ECONOMIC CENSUS - 1980 (EC 1980)

1.6 As the Economic Census covers a large number of small units which are subjected to high rate of mobility and mortality, the census is required to be conducted at frequent intervals, generally not exceeding 5 years, to understand the structural changes and the status of entrepreneurial activities. Economic census being an independent one exclusively conducted for the purpose, large administrative and field machinery was required for its operation. The operations of the Census involve listing of addresses of enterprises through household approach and therefore, it was considered economical and expedient to organize the second Economic Census along with the houselisting operations of population census. The second Economic Census was thus conducted in 1980, alongwith the house listing operations of the population Census, 1981. All enterprises, engaged in economic activities - both agricultural and non-agricultural, whether employing any hired worker or not, were covered, except those engaged in crop production and plantation. Thus as against only non-agricultural establishments covered in the first Economic Census the second Economic Census covered all enterprises. All States/UTs were covered, except Assam, where the population Census, 1981 was not conducted.

1 .7 The information on location of enterprises, description of economic activity carried on, nature of operation, type of ownership, social group of owner, use of power, total number of workers usually engaged with its hired component and break-up of male and female workers was collected. The entire field work was done by the field staff consisting of enumerators and supervisors employed in the Directorate of Census operations of each State/UT. The State Directorates of Economics & Statistics were also associated in the supervision of field work, data processing and preparation of State reports of Economic Census and their publication.

1.8 The tabulation for Economic Census 1980 consisted of generation of two series of tables (A' series and 'B' series) with different sets of groupings for minor and major activities as also for agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. Summary statements which basically provide the sampling frame and planning material for enterprise surveys to be followed up were generated for each State/District separately for rural and urban areas. SeriesA' gives the number of own- account enterprises and establishments with relevant characteristics Classified according to nature for economic activity. Series 'B' gives the principal characteristics of own-account enterprises and establishments classified by size class of total employment for each economic activity. The results have been published at State/All-India level.

1. 9 The results of the Economic Census, 1980 were extensively used in planning the follow-up surveys of 2nd and 3rd series. In the 2nd series, surveys were conducted to collect details of the enterprises in (a) Transport, Hotels & Restaurants, Services and storage & warehousing (1983-84), (b) Unorganized Manufacturing (1984-85) and (c) Trade (1985-86). The 3rd series of follow-up surveys commencing from 1988-89 covered the following subjects:

1988-89 - Transport and Hotels & Restaurants, 1989-90 - Unorganized Manufacturing Establishments, 1990-91 - Trade Sector, 1991-92 - Medical, Educational, Cultural & other services.

1.10 In 1987-88, an updation of the sampling frame was done for 64 Class I cities/towns where identification of first stage units posed problems due to changes in urban structure. This information was used to conduct sample surveys after 1987-88.

ECONOMIC CENSUS -1990 (EC-1990)

1.11 The need for conducting regular economic census giving the details of entrepreneurial activities in agricultural and non-agricultural sectors was felt by various statistical for a academic and research institutions. Accordingly a Central Plan Scheme was prepared which was approved with a budget allocation of Rs.15.47 crores. The scheme was given to the Department of Statistics for implementation.

1.12 A unit headed by a Joint Director was formed in the Economic Census and Surveys Division of the Central Statistical Organization with the responsibility of overseeing the field work and its completion, data processing and publication of results. The unit functioned under the guidance of the Director of Economic Census and Surveys Division.

1.13 The scope and coverage of the Economic Census was finalized by a Technical Advisory Group ( TAG) represented by the Planning Commission, Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Labour, National Sample Survey Organization, Computer Centre of the Department of Statistics, Reserve Bank of India, State Directorates of Economics & Statistics, some of the Universities and Institutions. The main task of the TAG was to outline the details of the conduct of third Economic Census and synchronizing that with the house listing operations of the Population Census 1991. The terms of reference of the TAG were as follows:

a) To advise on the scope, coverage and concepts of the third Economic Census;

b) To lay down procedures for ensuring that the open air enterprises like mines, quarries, brick kilns are covered in third Economic Census;

c) To examine the feasibility of adopting urban frame survey blocks as units of enumeration in urban areas;

d) To finalize the tabulation programme and advise on the decentralization of tabulation work.

    The TAG was assisted by three Sub- Groups. Viz. (i) sub-Group I to deal with the concepts, definitions and items coverage etc., Sub-Group II to examine the feasibility of adopting urban frame survey blocks and of conducting post enumeration checks and Sub-Group III to deal with the tabulation programmes and data processing.

WORK PLAN

1.14 The third Economic census was conducted along with the house listing operations of the population census, 1991 on the same pattern of Economic Census, 1980 which was taken up in all the states/UTS except Jammu & Kashmir where the population census, 1991 was not undertaken. The Registrar General and census commissioner of India and the Directors of census operations of states/UTS were given the job of organization and coordination of field work. The enumerators and supervisors involved in the operations of Economic census were given prior training at different levels. The Directorates of Economics & statistics in states/UTS were associated in the entire programme.

FORMS AND ITEMS OF INFORMATION COLLECTED

1.15 In most of the States, the enumeration work was completed between April - 1990. All particulars relating to an enterprise were collected in a form called `Enterprise List' (Annexure I). The items of

This dataset contains list of all the reports/publications published by MoSPI. It also has a column named valid_url which mentions whether the URLs of the reports are valid or not and in a separate column named missed_url, the dataset has actual URL which was missed. The datasets is last updated on May 2022

Replication code for Caste, Religion and the Labor Force Participation of Women: Evidence from India. The data used in this paper- National Sample Survey on employment and Unemployment and Periodic Labour force Survey- is owned by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), India. Available on payment of fees to MOSPI. The code below replicates the tables in the main paper and the appendix. Please email the author for any additional clarifications.

Geographic coverage

The ASI extends to the entire country except the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, and Sikkim and Union Territory of Lakshadweep.

Analysis unit

The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is a factory in the case of manufacturing industries, a workshop in the case of repair services, an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas & water supply undertakings and an establishment in the case of bidi & cigar industries. The owner of two or more establishments located in the same State and pertaining to the same industry group and belonging to same scheme (census or sample) is, however, permitted to furnish a single consolidated return. Such consolidated returns are common feature in the case of bidi and cigar establishments, electricity and certain public sector undertakings.

Merging of unit level data

As per existing policy to merge unit level data at ultimate digit level of NIC'08 (i.e., 5 digit) for the purpose of dissemination, the data have been merged for industries having less than three units within State, District and NIC-08 (5 Digit) with the adjoining industries within district and then to adjoining districts within a state. There may be some NIC-08 (5 Digit) ending with '9' that do not figure in the book of NIC '08. These may be treated as 'Others' under the corresponding 4-digit group. To suppress the identity of factories data fields corresponding to PSL number, Industry code as per Frame (4-digit level of NIC-09) and RO/SRO code have been filled with '9' in each record.

It may please be noted that, tables generated from the merged data may not tally with the published results for few industries, since the merging for published data has been done at aggregate-level to minimise the loss of information.

Universe

It covers all factories registered under Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948 i.e. those factories employing 10 or more workers using power; and those employing 20 or more workers without using power. The survey also covers bidi and cigar manufacturing establishments registered under the Bidi & Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966 with coverage as above. All electricity undertakings engaged in generation, transmission and distribution of electricity registered with the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) were covered under ASI irrespective of their employment size. Certain servicing units and activities like water supply, cold storage, repairing of motor vehicles and other consumer durables like watches etc. are covered under the Survey. Though servicing industries like motion picture production, personal services like laundry services, job dyeing, etc. are covered under the Survey but data are not tabulated, as these industries do not fall under the scope of industrial sector defined by the United Nations.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample Design and Sample Allocation

There has not been any major change in the sampling strategy of ASI 2009-10 from that of ASI 2008-2009. The Census Sector has been defined as follows:

a) All industrial units belonging to the six less industrially developed states/ UT's viz. Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. b) For the rest of the twenty-six states/ UT's., (i) units having 100 or more workers, and (ii) all factories covered under Joint Returns.

Strata (State by 4-digit of NIC-04) having less than or equal to four units after selecting the Census Sector units as defined above are also selected as census sector.

From the remaining frame, samples were drawn considering a uniform sampling fraction of 19% for the states within a State X 4-digit NIC with a minimum of 4 units evenly distributed in two sub-samples. The size of the live frame containing units with status 'open', 'close' or 'non-operating' was 2, 08, 417. 23,782 of these units belonged to the census sector, while the remaining 1, 84,635 units were from sample sector. Total sample size for ASI 2009-10 was 61,080 (23,782 census and 37,298 sample).

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from sample design in ASI 2009-10.

Mode of data collection

Statutory return submitted by factories as well as Face to face

Research instrument

Annual Survey of Industries Questionnaire (in External Resources) is divided into different blocks:

BLOCK A.IDENTIFICATION PARTICULARS BLOCK B. PARTICULARS OF THE FACTORY (TO BE FILLED BY OWNER OF THE FACTORY) BLOCK C: FIXED ASSETS BLOCK D: WORKING CAPITAL & LOANS BLOCK E : EMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR COST BLOCK F : OTHER EXPENSES BLOCK G : OTHER INCOMES BLOCK H: INPUT ITEMS (indigenous items consumed) BLOCK I: INPUT ITEMS – directly imported items only (consumed) BLOCK J: PRODUCTS AND BY-PRODUCTS (manufactured by the unit)

Cleaning operations

Pre-data entry scrutiny was carried out on the schedules for inter and intra block consistency checks. Such editing was mostly manual, although some editing was automatic. But, for major inconsistencies, the schedules were referred back to NSSO (FOD) for clarifications/modifications.

Code list, State code list, Tabulation program and ASICC code are available in the External Resources..

Sampling error estimates

Relative Standard Error (RSE) is calculated in terms of worker, wages to worker and GVA using the formula (Pl ease refer to Estimation Procedure document in external resources). Programs developed in Visual Foxpro are used to compute the RSE of estimates.

Data appraisal

To check for consistency and reliability of data the same are compared with the NIC-2digit level growth rate at all India Index of Production (IIP) and the growth rates obtained from the National Accounts Statistics at current and constant prices for the registered manufacturing sector.

Abstract

The National Sample Surveys (NSS) are being conducted by the Government of India since 1950 to collect socio-economic data employing scientific sampling methods. Household Consumption Expenditure Survey 2023-24 will commence from August 2023.

The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) is designed to collect information on consumption of goods and services by the households. Information collected in HCES is used for analyzing and understanding the consumption and expenditure pattern, standard of living and well-being of the households. Besides, the data of the survey provides budget shares of different commodity groups that is used for preparation of the weighting diagram for compilation of official Consumer Price Indices (CPIs). The data collected in HCES is also utilized for deriving various other macroeconomic indicators.

Geographic coverage

8,684 FSUs in the rural areas and 6,143 in the urban areas have been surveyed in HCES:2023-24. The total sample size of 14,827FSUs has been allocated to State/UTs in proportion to Census 2011 population, subject to a minimum allocation of 40 FSUs.

Sampling procedure

The latest survey on household consumption expenditure (previously known as household consumer expenditure survey) was conducted during the period August 2023 to July 2024 in which information was collected from each sampled household in three questionnaires, namely, Questionnaire: FDQ (Food Items), Questionnaire: CSQ (Consumables & Services) and Questionnaire: DGQ (Durable Items) in three separate monthly visits in a quarter. Apart from these, another questionnaire, namely, Questionnaire: HCQ was canvassed to collect information on household characteristics.

In HCES: 2023-24, a multi-stage stratified sampling design was used where villages/urban blocks or sub-units of these were regarded as the First Stage Units (FSU) and the households were the Ultimate Stage Units (USU). Both the FSUs and USUs were selected with Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). 18 sample households were canvassed within an FSU.

The survey period of HCES:2023-24was divided into 10 panels, each consisting of three months. In the first month of any panel,Questionnaire: HCQ along with any one of the questionnaires, i.e., FDQ/CSQ/DGQwere canvassed in the selected households. During the second month of the panel, any one from the remaining two questionnaires was canvassed and in the last month, the last questionnaire was canvassed. The sequence of the questionnaires to be canvassed in each month of a panel for a particular FSU was decided randomly to eliminate bias that may arise due to the adoption of a particular sequencing for canvassing. Thus, all six possible sequences, i.e., [(Q1, Q2, Q3), (Q1, Q3, Q2), (Q2, Q1, Q3), (Q2, Q3, Q1), (Q3, Q1, Q2) and (Q3, Q2, Q1)], where Q1 refers to FDQ, Q2 refers to CSQ and Q3 refers to DGQ, were canvassed at random in the sample households.

The sampling frame for urban sector is the list of Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks as per latest Urban Frame Survey and for rural sector, it is the list of villages as per Census 2011 updated by removing those villages which are urbanized and included in latest UFS (till the time of sample selection).Sometimes, with a view to ensure uniformity in the size of FSUs and operational convenience, large villages/UFS blocks are notionally divided into smaller units of more or less equal size, known as sub-units depending on a pre-defined criteria based on population in the village or number of households in the UFS block. The sector-specific criteria for sub-unit formation are as below:

Rural Sector (i) The number of SUs to be formed in the villages (with Census 2011 population of 1000 or more and except some States/UTs) are decided based on projected present population of the village. The criteria aregiven below:

Projected Population of the village No. of SUs to be formed
less than 1200 1
1200 to 2399 2 2400 to 3599 3
… …

(ii) For rural areas of Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Ladakh, Parts of Uttarakhand (except four districts Dehradun, Nainital, Haridwar and Udham Singh Nagar), Jammu and Kashmir (seven districts Poonch, Rajouri, Udhampur, Reasi, Doda, Kishtwar, Ramban) and Idukki district of Kerala; SU is formed in a village if population as per Census 2011 is more than or equals to 500. The criteria for the number of SU to be formed are as below:

Projected Population of the village Number of SUs to be formed
less than 600 1
600 to 1199 2
1200 to 1799 3
... ...

Urban Sector: (i) SUs are formed in those UFS blockshaving more than or equal to 250 households. The number of SUs to be formed within the UFS blocks is decided by the following criteria:

Number of Households in UFS Block Number of SUs to be formed
less than 250 1
250 to 499 2
500 to 749 3
… …
Thus, the list of Villages / UFS Blocks / Sub-Units (for those villages or UFS blocks where sub-units are formed within) together formed the sampling frame for First Stage Unit selection.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF ECONOMIC CENSUS IN INDIA

1. GENESIS

A reliable and robust database is the foundation of organized and proper planning. TheCentral Statistics Office (CSO), since its inception, has been instrumental in creation of database forvarious sectors of the economy and its periodic updation so as to meet the requirements of the plannersfor sound and systematic planning both at the macro as well as micro levels. While data requirementsmay be enormous in various sectors, the judicious collection and maintenance of data for varioussectors within the available resource is a challenge. Our economy can broadly be classified into twosectors, namely, Agricultural and Non-Agricultural sectors. Fairly reasonable database exists forAgricultural Sector whereas such data base for Non-Agricultural sector is much desired. Keeping inview the importance of the non-agricultural sector in the economy and non-availability of basic framefor adoption in various sampling techniques for collection of data and estimation of various parameters,conducting Economic Census was felt necessary. With this background, the CSO started EconomicCensus for preparing frame of establishments, particularly the ‘area frame’ which could be used forvarious surveys for collection of detailed data, mainly on non-agricultural sector of the economy.

1. EARLIER ATTEMPTS

Broadly the entire planning period may be divided into two: prior to conduct of the FirstEconomic Census i.e. prior to 1977 and thereafter i.e. after the economic census was carried outperiodically. Efforts to fill up the data gaps for the non-agricultural sector were made right from thebeginning of the First Five Year Plan. The first National Sample Survey (NSS) round (1950-51)covered non-agricultural household establishments as one of its subject themes. Such establishmentswere covered regularly up to the tenth NSS round (1955-56). Subsequently, selected activities weretaken up for survey intermittently in different rounds (14th, 23 rd & 29th rounds). Establishmentschedules were canvassed in 1971 population census. The census of unorganized industrial units wascarried out during 1971 -73. Census of the units falling within the purview of Development Commissioner, Small Scale Industries, was carried out during 1973-74 and a survey on distributivetrade was conducted by some of the States during the Fourth Five-Year Plan period (1969-74). Allsuch efforts made prior to 1977 to collect data on non-agricultural establishments have been partial andsporadic. Area sampling with probability proportional to population were mostly used even to captureestablishments. For a survey of establishments such sample design is not only inefficient but alsoresults in under coverage of desired number of establishments and low reliability of the estimatesderived. The prolonged efforts of statisticians and planners in finding a way out for collection ofinformation on amorphous areas of activity resulted in a decisive breakthrough with the advent ofconduct of Economic Census.

1. ECONOMIC CENSUSES CONDUCTED IN THE PAST

The Economic Enquiry Committee set up in 1925 under the Chairmanship of Dr.Visweswarayya and more importantly the Bowley-Robertson Committee set up later in 1934, were mainly responsible for the government’s decision to set up an Inter-Departmental Committee with theEconomic Adviser to the Government of India as the chairman. The Inter-Departmental Committeerecommended the formation of a Central Statistical Office for coordination, institution of a statisticalcadre, establishment of State Bureaus at State Head Quarters and maintenance of important statisticsfor the entire country. Bowley and Robertson Committee also commissioned a study to explore thepossibility of conducting economic censuses in India. The first coordinated approach was made by theerstwhile Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), Government of India, by launching a plan scheme'Economic Census and Surveys' in 1976. The scheme envisaged organising countrywide census of alleconomic activities (excluding those engaged in crop production and plantation) followed by detailedsample surveys of unorganised segments of different sectors of non-agricultural economy in a phasedmanner during the intervening period of two successive economic censuses.The basic purpose of conducting the economic census (EC) was to prepare a frame for followup surveys intended to collect more detailed sector specific information between two economiccensuses. In view of the rapid changes that occur in the unorganised sectors of non-agriculturaleconomy due to high mobility or morbidity of smaller units and also on account of births of new units,the scheme envisaged conducting the economic census periodically in order to update the frame fromtime to time.

1. First Economic Census (EC -1977) and Follow Up Surveys

The First Economic Census was conducted throughout the country, except Lakshadweep,during 1977 in collaboration with the Directorate of Economics & Statistics (DES) in the States/UnionTerritories (UT). The coverage was restricted to only non-agricultural establishments employing atleast one hired worker on a fairly regular basis. Data on items such as description of activity, number ofpersons usually working, type of ownership, etc. were collected.Reports based on the data of EC-1977 at State/UT level and at all India level were published.Tables giving the activity group-wise distribution of establishments with selected characteristics andwith rural and urban break up were generated. State-wise details for major activities and size-class ofemployment in different establishments, inter-alia, were also presented in tables.Based on the frame provided by the First Economic Census, detailed sample surveys werecarried out during 1978-79 and 1979-80 covering the establishments engaged in manufacturing, trade,hotels & restaurants, transport, storage & warehousing and services. While the smaller establishments(employing less than six workers) and own account establishments were covered by National SampleSurvey Organisation (NSSO) as a part of its 33rd and 34th rounds, the larger establishments were covered through separate surveys by the CSO. Detailed information on employment, emoluments,capital structure, quantity & value of input, output, etc. were collected and reports giving all importantcharacteristics on each of the concerned subjects were published.

1. Second Economic Census (EC-1980) and Follow Up Surveys

The Second Economic Census was conducted in 1980 along with the house-listing operations ofPopulation Census 1981. This was done with a view to economizing resources, manpower, time andmoney. The scope and coverage were enlarged. This time all establishments engaged in economicactivities - both agricultural and non-agricultural whether employing any hired worker or not werecovered, except those engaged in crop production and plantation. All States/UTs were covered withthe sole exception of Assam, where Population Census 1981 was not conducted.The information on location of establishment, description of economic activity carried out,nature of operation, type of ownership, social group of owner, use of power/fuel, total number ofworkers usually engaged with its hired component and break-up of male and female workers werecollected. The items on which information were collected in Second Economic Census were more orless the same as those collected in the First Economic Census. However, based on experience gained inthe First Economic Census certain items viz. years of operation, value of annualoutput/turnover/receipt, mixed activity or not, registered/ licensed/recognised and act or authority, ifregistered were dropped.The field work was done by the field staff consisting of enumerators and supervisors employedin the Directorate of Census Operations of each State/UT. The State Directorates of Economics &Statistics (DES) were also associated in the supervision of fieldwork. Data processing and preparationof State level reports of economic census and their publication were carried out by the DES.Based on the frame thrown up by EC-1980, three follow-up surveys were carried out, one in1983-84 on hotels & restaurants, transport, storage & warehousing and services, second in 1984-85 onunorganised manufacturing and third in 1985- 86 on wholesale and retail trade.The economic census scheduled for 1986 could not be carried out due to resource constraints.However, the EC- 1980 frame was updated during 1987-88 in 64 cities (12 cities having more than 10lakh population and 52 other class-I cities) which had problems of identification of enumerationblocks and changes due to rapid urbanization. On the basis of the updated frame, four follow-upsurveys were conducted during 1988-89, 1989-90, 1990-91 and 1991-92 covering the subjects ofhotels & restaurants and transport, unorganized manufacturing, wholesale & retail trade and medical,educational, cultural & other services respectively.

1. Third Economic Census (EC-1990) and Follow Up Surveys

The Third Economic Census was synchronized with the house listing operations of the Population Census 1991 on the same pattern as EC- 1980. The coverage was similar to that of EC-1980. All States/UTs except Jammu & Kashmir, where Population Census 1991 was not undertaken,were covered.Based on the frame thrown up by EC-1990 four follow up surveys were carried out:(i) Establishment Survey covering sectors of mining & quarrying, storage & warehousingin 1992-93;(ii) Establishment Survey covering sectors of hotels & restaurants and transport in 1993-94;(iii) NSS 51 st round covering directory, non-directory and own account establishments inunregistered manufacturing sector in 1994-95; and(iv) Directory Trade Establishments Survey in 1996-97. NSS 53 rd round covered theresidual part of the unorganised trade sector in 1997.

1. Fourth Economic Census (EC-1998) and Follow up Surveys

According to Cognitive Market Research, The global Luxury Handbag market size will be USD 23.5 billion in 2023 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.60% from 2023 to 2030.

The demand for luxury handbags is rising, and the female employment rate is increasing. 
Demand for increasing revenge spending on fashion products in the Luxury Handbag market.
The handbag and leather category held the highest Luxury Handbag market revenue share in 2023.
Asia Pacific will continue to lead, whereas the Europe Luxury Handbag market will experience the most substantial growth until 2030. 

Increasing Inclination of the Global Population Towards Fashion Products to Provide Viable Market Output

The global luxury handbag market is thriving, fueled by the growing inclination of the global population towards fashion products. As consumer preferences shift towards luxury and style, there's an increasing demand for high-end handbags as fashion statements. Prestigious brands and exclusive designs are driving market growth, with consumers viewing luxury handbags as status symbols. The desire for unique and aesthetically pleasing accessories further contributes to the market's viability. In conclusion, the luxury handbag market benefits from the global population's heightened interest in fashion, presenting lucrative opportunities for brands to meet the rising demand for luxurious and trendy handcrafted accessories.

For instance, in the data published by the United Nations Economic and Social Affairs in 2019, Central and Southern Asia possessed the largest youth population in the world, which was assessed to be around 361 million.

(Source:mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Youth_in_India_2022.pdf)

Rising Female Employment Rate to Propel Market Growth

The global luxury handbag market is poised for growth, propelled by the rising female employment rate. As more women enter the workforce, there is a rising demand for premium accessories, including luxury handbags, reflecting changing consumer demographics. With higher discretionary incomes and a desire for status symbols, working women contribute significantly to the market's expansion. Luxury handbag brands are adapting to these shifting dynamics, offering a blend of functionality and style. This trend underscores the market's responsiveness to socio-economic changes, presenting a lucrative outlook as the rising female employment rate continues to influence purchasing patterns in favor of luxury handbags.

For instance, according to the United Nations Economic and Social Affairs, in 2019, out of 624 million people in Latin America, more than 80 percent live in urban areas.

(Source:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7734391/)

Market Dynamics of Luxury Handbag

Substitute Products Strong Market Presence to Restrict Market Growth

The global luxury handbag market faces growth constraints due to the strong market presence of substitute products. Alternatives such as premium designer backpacks, eco-friendly bags, and second-hand luxury items are gaining popularity, impacting traditional luxury handbag sales. Consumers increasingly seek unique, sustainable, and cost-effective alternatives, challenging the dominance of traditional luxury handbags. As a result, market players must adapt to changing consumer preferences, innovate in design and sustainability, and navigate the evolving landscape to maintain their position in the face of robust competition from substitute products, which may limit overall market growth in the luxury handbag segment.

Impact of COVID–19 on the Luxury Handbag Market

The global luxury handbag market faced challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic as lockdowns and economic uncertainties impacted consumer spending. Many luxury handbag retailers experienced a decline in sales due to reduced foot traffic in physical stores and shifting consumer priorities. However, the market exhibited resilience with the rise of e-commerce, as consumers turned to online platforms for luxury purchases. Additionally, the rebound in global economies and the gradual return to normalcy have contributed to a recovery in the luxury handbag market, indicating adaptability and enduring consumer interest in premium fashion items despite the pandemic-induced disruptions. Introduction of Luxury Handbag

The luxury home handbag market refers to the segment of h...

This dataset presents national-level literacy rates, compiled from multiple official sources, including the National Sample Survey (NSS), Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), Population Census, National Family Health Survey (NFHS), and data published by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).

It provides literacy rates disaggregated by gender, region (urban and rural), and age group. The inclusion of age groups is essential, as the criteria for calculating literacy rates have changed over time. To allow consistent comparisons across sources and years, an ‘age group’ column is included in the dataset. In general, literacy is assessed based on whether a person above a specified age can read and write a simple message with understanding in at least one language. The age specified as per these sources is as follows:

Census: Population aged 7 years and above (used since 1981; previously, it was 5 years and above). Data is available for 1951, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001, and 2011 NSS: Population aged 5 years and above. Data is available for 2005, 2007-08, 2010, 2011-12, 2014, and 2017-18 PLFS: Survey typically covers population aged 15 years and above, but literacy data is also available for 5 years and above and 7 years and above. Data is available for 2017-18 to 2023-24. NFHS: Covers population aged 15–49 years only. Literacy rate refers to women and men who have completed standard 6, 9, or higher, or those who can read a full or partial sentence among individuals assumed to be literate. Data is available for 2005-06, 2015-16, and 2019-21. MoSPI: Follows the NSS age criteria, usually 5 years and above. Data is available for 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, and 2011

According to Cognitive Market Research, The Global Diesel Rotary UPS (DRUPS) market size is USD 0.223 billion in 2023 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.00% from 2023 to 2030.

The demand for Diesel Rotary UPS (DRUPS) is increasing in the construction of data centers.
Demand for cloud-based service offerings in the Diesel Rotary UPS (DRUPS) market.
The Single-Phase and Data Center category held the highest Diesel Rotary UPS (DRUPS) market revenue share in 2023.
Asia-Pacific will continue to lead, whereas the North American Diesel Rotary UPS (DRUPS) market will experience the most substantial growth until 2030.

Growing Need for Uninterruptible Powerto Provide Viable Market Output

The global Diesel Rotary UPS (DRUPS) market is witnessing a significant surge due to the growing need for uninterrupted power supply. As industries and critical infrastructure increasingly rely on continuous and reliable power, DRUPS systems offer an efficient solution, providing seamless transitions during power outages. The rising demand for data centers, healthcare facilities, and manufacturing plants drives the market's growth. The ability of DRUPS to deliver immediate and reliable power backup in critical applications positions it as a vital component in ensuring operational continuity, thereby creating a viable and expanding market for diesel rotary UPS systems globally.

For instance, in February 2022,experts in the industry estimated that China would have 1.02 billion internet users, more than three times as many as the United States, which came in third place with a little over 307 million users.

(Source: www.cnbctv18.com/technology/top-10-countries-with-highest-internet-users-in-2022-15024571.htm)

Expansion of Data Centersto Propel Market Growth

The global Diesel Rotary UPS (DRUPS) market is poised for growth, driven by the expanding data center infrastructure worldwide. As the demand for reliable power solutions intensifies with the proliferation of data centers, DRUPS systems emerge as a crucial component, ensuring uninterrupted power supply. The robustness and efficiency of DRUPS technology make it a preferred choice for data center operators seeking to safeguard against power interruptions. This market trend is expected to propel significant growth as the data center industry continues to expand globally, emphasizing the indispensable role of DRUPS in maintaining operational continuity and protecting sensitive electronic equipment.

For instance, in August 2023, the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), India's industrial production increased by 10.3 percent yearly.

(Source: www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/press_release/IIP_PR_12oct23.pdf)

Market Dynamics of the Diesel Rotary UPS (DRUPS)

Environmental Impact of Drugs is the Major Challenge Impeding Market Growth

The global Diesel Rotary UPS (DRUPS) market faces a key challenge in the form of environmental concerns, limiting its growth prospects. The environmental impact of DRUPS, primarily associated with diesel combustion, poses a significant hurdle. Emissions from diesel generators contribute to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, aligning with global efforts to reduce carbon footprints. As sustainability becomes a focal point for businesses and industries, addressing the environmental impact of DRUPS systems is crucial. Overcoming this challenge requires innovative solutions and a shift towards more environmentally friendly alternatives to ensure the sustainable development of the DRUPS market.

Impact of COVID–19 on the Diesel Rotary UPS (DRUPS) Market

Like many industries, the global Diesel Rotary UPS (DRUPS) market experienced significant challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Disruptions in the supply chain, restrictions on manufacturing operations, and economic uncertainties led to a temporary slowdown in market growth. However, the pandemic also underscored the critical importance of reliable power solutions, driving increased awareness and investments in DRUPS technology to ensure uninterrupted power supply for essential services and facilities. As businesses prioritize resilience, the DRUPS market is expected to rebound, with a renewed focus on power continuity and energy reliability in the post-pandemic landscape. Introduction of the Diesel Rotary UPS DRUPS Market

The rising demand...

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) carried out the first country wide quinquennial survey on Employment and Unemployment during its 27th round survey operation (September 1972-October 1975). This survey marked the beginning of the renewed efforts of the NSSO in the collection of comprehensive data on employment and unemployment taking into consideration all the basic recommendations of the 'Expert Committee on Unemployment Estimates'(1970). The 27th round survey apart from collecting the required data to throw up three different rates of employment and unemployment, i.e. the 'usual status' rates based on the activities pursued during a long period in the past, any one year, the 'current weekly status' rates based on the data on activities pursued during and reference period of seven days (one week) preceding the date of survey and the 'current day status' rates based on the activities pursued on each day of the same seven days' (one week) period of reference, also attempted to elicit information on the extent of under utilization of labour time of those classified as employed, unemployed, unemployed, students, house workers etc. through separate sets of probing questions put to the relevant respondents. In the households at the time of investigation. The above three rates cross classified by different correlates, such as, sex, age, education, industry, occupation, residence status etc. revealed the different facets of the multi-dimensional character of the employment-unemployment situation in the country, particularly in the rural sector. The answers forthcoming to the probing questions, helped in obtaining further insight into the activity situation of the population. The Employment and Unemployment surveys of National sample Survey (NSS) are primary sources of data on various indicators of labour force at National and State levels. These are used for planning, policy formulation, decision support and as input for further statistical exercises by various Government organizations, academicians, researchers and scholars. NSS surveys on employment and un-employment with large sample size of households have been conducted quinquennially from 27th. round(October'1972 - September'1973) onwards. Cotinuing in this series the third such all-india survey on the situation of employment and unemployment in India was carried out during the period january 1983 - december 1983 .

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The Schedule on Employment and Unemployment (Schedule 10) framed for the 38th round survey consisted of 15 blocks as given below.

Block-1 : Identification particulars of the sample village/block and sample households Block 2.1: particulars of field operations
Block 2.2: processing particulars Block 3: household characteristics Block 4.1 : demographic and current activity particulars during the week Block 4.2: Migration particulars Block 5 : time disposition during the reference week Block 6 : usual activity particulars Block 7 : particulars of usual subsidiary gainful activity Block 8: follow-up questions for the persons usual activity status codes 01-93 & 96 Block 9 : Follow-up questions for persons classified as usually engaged in domestic chores
Block 10: Household indebtedness Block 11 : particulars of entries made in different blocks of the schedule Block 12 : remarks by investigation Block 13 : comments by supervisory officer

Scanned copy of the questionnaire attached as external resource may be seen.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

households/individuals

Kind of data

survey

Frequency of data collection

Quarterly

Sampling procedure

Sample size:

Abstract

The national sample survey (NSS), set-up by the government of India in 1950 to collect socio-economic data employing scientific sampling methods, completed its forty-ninth round as a six months survey during the period January to June,1993. Housing condition of the people is one of the very important indicators of the socio-economic development of the country. Statistical data on housing condition in qualitative and quantitative terms are needed periodically for an assessment of housing stock and formulation of housing policies and programmes. NSS 49th round was devoted mainly to the survey on housing condition and migration with special emphasis on slum dwellers. An integrated schedule was designed for collecting data on 'housing condition' as well as ' migration '. Also,households living in the slums were adequately represented in the sample of households where the integrated schedule was canvassed.The present study was different from the earlier study in the sense that the coverage in the present round was much wider. Detailed information on migration have been made with a view to throw data on different facets of migration. For this reason we find separate migration data for males & females, migrant households, return migrants, the structure of the residence of the migrants' households before & after migration, status of the migrants before and after migration and other details on migration. It is to be noted that comprehensive data on out-migrants & return-migrants were collected for the first time in the 49th round.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of Indian union excepting ( i) Ladakh and kargil districts of Jammu & kashmir ( ii ) 768 interior villages of Nagaland ( out of a total of 1119 villages ) located beyond 5 kms. of a bus route and ( iii ) 172 villages in Andaman & Nicobar islands ( out of a total of 520 villages ) which are inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A two-stage stratified design was adopted for the 49th round survey. The first-stage units(fsu) were census villages in the rural sector and U.F.S. (Urban Frame Survey) blocks in the urban sector (However, for some of the newly declared towns of 1991 census for which UFS frames were not available, census EBs were first-stage units). The second-stage units were households in both the sectors. In the central sample altogether 5072 sample villages and 2928 urban sample blocks at all-India level were selected. Sixteen households were selected per sample village/block in each of which the schedule of enquiry was canvassed. The number of sample households actually surveyed for the enquiry was 119403.

Sample frame for fsus : Mostly the 1981 census lists of villages constituted the sampling frame for rural sector. For Nagaland, the villages located within 5 kms. of a bus route constituted the sampling frame. For Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the list of accessible villages was used as the sampling frame. For the Urban sector, the lists of NSS Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks have been considered as the sampling frame in most cases. However, 1991 house listing EBs (Enumeration blocks) were considered as the sampling frame for some of the new towns of 1991 census, for which UFS frames were not available.

Stratification for rural sector : States have been divided into NSS regions by grouping contiguous districts similar in respect of population density and crop pattern. In Gujarat, however, some districts have been split for the purpose of region formation, considering the location of dry areas and distribution of tribal population in the state. In the rural sector, each district with 1981 / 1991 census rural population less than, 1.8 million/2 million formed a separate stratum. Districts with larger population were divided into two or more strata, by grouping contiguous tehsils.

Stratification for urban sector : In the urban sector, strata were formed, within the NSS region, according to census population size classes of towns. Each city with population 10 lakhs or more formed a separate stratum. Further, within each region, the different towns were grouped to form three different strata on the basis of their respective census population as follows : all towns with population less than 50,000 as stratum 1, those with population 50,000 to 1,99,999 as stratum-2 and those with population 2,00,000 to 9,99,999 as stratum-3.

Sample size for fsu's : The central sample comprised of 5072 villages and 2928 blocks.

Selection of first stage units : The sample villages have been selected with probability proportional to population with replacement and the sample blocks by simple random sampling without replacement. Selection was done in both the sectors in the form of two independent sub-samples.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sample deviation.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire consisted of 13 blocks as given below : Block - 0 : descriptive identification of sample household Block - 1 : identification of sample household Block - 2 : particulars of field operations Block - 3 : household characteristics Block - 4 : demographic and migration particulars of members of household Block - 5 : building and environment particulars Block - 6 : particulars of the dwelling Block - 7 : particulars of living facilities Block - 8 : particulars of building construction for residential purpose Block - 9 : particulars of dwelling/land owned elsewhere Block - 10 : use of public distribution system(pds) Block - 11 : some general particulars of slum dwellers Block - 12 : remarks by investigator Block - 13 : comments by supervisory officer(s)