Cardiovascular diseases were the main causes of death across in India between 2017 and 2019. Cardiovascular diseases accounted to 28.9 percent of the total share. In comparison, respiratory diseases amounted to over seven percent of the total share.

Unintentional injuries are the leading causes of death among children across India between 2017 and 2019. It accounted to about 22.4 percent of the total deaths. Diarrhoeal diseases were other main cause of death among children between five and 14 years old, with 9.2 percent during the same time period.

Road accidents were the leading causes of death among young adults across India between 2017 and 2019. It accounted to 18.4 percent of the deaths. Suicide was another main cause of death among young adults with the age of 15 to 29 years, with a 17.4 percent share during the same time period.

BackgroundEven in low and middle income countries most deaths occur in older adults. In Europe, the effects of better education and home ownership upon mortality seem to persist into old age, but these effects may not generalise to LMICs. Reliable data on causes and determinants of mortality are lacking. Methods and FindingsThe vital status of 12,373 people aged 65 y and over was determined 3–5 y after baseline survey in sites in Latin America, India, and China. We report crude and standardised mortality rates, standardized mortality ratios comparing mortality experience with that in the United States, and estimated associations with socioeconomic factors using Cox's proportional hazards regression. Cause-specific mortality fractions were estimated using the InterVA algorithm. Crude mortality rates varied from 27.3 to 70.0 per 1,000 person-years, a 3-fold variation persisting after standardisation for demographic and economic factors. Compared with the US, mortality was much higher in urban India and rural China, much lower in Peru, Venezuela, and urban Mexico, and similar in other sites. Mortality rates were higher among men, and increased with age. Adjusting for these effects, it was found that education, occupational attainment, assets, and pension receipt were all inversely associated with mortality, and food insecurity positively associated. Mutually adjusted, only education remained protective (pooled hazard ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.89–0.98). Most deaths occurred at home, but, except in India, most individuals received medical attention during their final illness. Chronic diseases were the main causes of death, together with tuberculosis and liver disease, with stroke the leading cause in nearly all sites. ConclusionsEducation seems to have an important latent effect on mortality into late life. However, compositional differences in socioeconomic position do not explain differences in mortality between sites. Social protection for older people, and the effectiveness of health systems in preventing and treating chronic disease, may be as important as economic and human development. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary

In 2022, pneumonia emerged as the primary cause of death among communicable diseases in India, claiming over 5,000 lives. It was followed by acute respiratory infections, contributing to over 2,000 deaths during the same period. Non-communicable diseases Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a significant health challenge in India, with conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory disorders, and cancer gaining prominence. These diseases collectively contribute to about 63 percent of the overall disease burden, affecting both urban and rural populations. Notably, cardiovascular diseases were the leading cause of death in the country. Healthcare in India As India grapples with both communicable and non-communicable diseases, a resilient healthcare system becomes imperative. The ongoing integration of public health initiatives and private health expenditure reflects a collaborative effort to address diverse health concerns. With focused efforts, the country aims not only to address diseases but also to build a healthier, resilient future.

India IN: Mortality from CVD, Cancer, Diabetes or CRD between Exact Ages 30 and 70: Male data was reported at 26.700 NA in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 26.800 NA for 2015. India IN: Mortality from CVD, Cancer, Diabetes or CRD between Exact Ages 30 and 70: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 27.100 NA from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2016, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 29.700 NA in 2000 and a record low of 26.700 NA in 2016. India IN: Mortality from CVD, Cancer, Diabetes or CRD between Exact Ages 30 and 70: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD is the percent of 30-year-old-people who would die before their 70th birthday from any of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease, assuming that s/he would experience current mortality rates at every age and s/he would not die from any other cause of death (e.g., injuries or HIV/AIDS).; ; World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory Data Repository (http://apps.who.int/ghodata/).; Weighted average;

Cardiovascular diseases were the leading causes of death in rural areas in India between 2017 and 2019. Respiratory diseases amounted to about 7.6 percent of the total share, although the leading cause of death during that time period was cardiovascular diseases, with 27.6 percent.

India IN: Mortality from CVD, Cancer, Diabetes or CRD between Exact Ages 30 and 70: Female data was reported at 19.800 NA in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 20.000 NA for 2015. India IN: Mortality from CVD, Cancer, Diabetes or CRD between Exact Ages 30 and 70: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 21.200 NA from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2016, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23.400 NA in 2000 and a record low of 19.800 NA in 2016. India IN: Mortality from CVD, Cancer, Diabetes or CRD between Exact Ages 30 and 70: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD is the percent of 30-year-old-people who would die before their 70th birthday from any of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease, assuming that s/he would experience current mortality rates at every age and s/he would not die from any other cause of death (e.g., injuries or HIV/AIDS).; ; World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory Data Repository (http://apps.who.int/ghodata/).; Weighted average;

UNICEF's country profile for India, including under-five mortality rates, child health, education and sanitation data.

Objective: Retrospective analysis of routinely collected data using verbal and social autopsy tools to identify the medical causes of death and contribution of non-biological factors towards infant mortality Setting: The study site was Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), Ballabgarh, North India Participants: All infant deaths during year 2008 to 2012 were included for verbal autopsy whereas infant deaths from July 2012 to December 2012 were included for social autopsy. Outcome measures: Cause of death ascertained by validated verbal autopsy tool and level of delay based on three delay model using INDEPTH social autopsy tool were the main outcome measures. Results: Infant mortality rate during study period was 46.5/100 live births. Neonatal deaths contributed to 54.3% of infant deaths and 39% occurred on first day of life. Birth asphyxia (31.5%) followed by Low Birth Weight (LBW)/prematurity (26.5%) were the most common causes of neonatal death. While infective cause (57.8) was the most common cause of post-neonatal death. Care-seeking was delayed among 50% of neonatal deaths and 41.2% of post-neonatal deaths. Delay at level 1 was most common, observed in 32.4% of neonatal deaths and 29.4% of post-neonatal deaths. Deaths due to LBW/prematurity were mostly followed by delay at level 1. Conclusion: High proportion of preventable infant mortality still exists in an area which is under continuous health and demographic surveillance. There is need to enhance home based preventive care to enable the mother to identify and respond to danger signs. Verbal autopsy and social autopsy could be routinely done to guide policy interventions aimed at reduction of infant mortality.

ObjectivesUnder the prevailing conditions of imbalanced life table and historic gender discrimination in India, our study examines crossover between life expectancies at ages zero, one and five years for India and quantifies the relative share of infant and under-five mortality towards this crossover.MethodsWe estimate threshold levels of infant and under-five mortality required for crossover using age specific death rates during 1981–2009 for 16 Indian states by sex (comprising of India’s 90% population in 2011). Kitagawa decomposition equations were used to analyse relative share of infant and under-five mortality towards crossover.FindingsIndia experienced crossover between life expectancies at ages zero and five in 2004 for menand in 2009 for women; eleven and nine Indian states have experienced this crossover for men and women, respectively. Men usually experienced crossover four years earlier than the women. Improvements in mortality below ages five have mostly contributed towards this crossover. Life expectancy at age one exceeds that at age zero for both men and women in India except for Kerala (the only state to experience this crossover in 2000 for men and 1999 for women).ConclusionsFor India, using life expectancy at age zero and under-five mortality rate together may be more meaningful to measure overall health of its people until the crossover. Delayed crossover for women, despite higher life expectancy at birth than for men reiterates that Indian women are still disadvantaged and hence use of life expectancies at ages zero, one and five become important for India. Greater programmatic efforts to control leading causes of death during the first month and 1–59 months in high child mortality areas can help India to attain this crossover early.

Cardiovascular diseases were the leading causes of death across urban areas in India between 2017 and 2019. Road accident deaths amounted to about 3.6 percent of the total share, although the leading cause of death during that time period, cardiovascular diseases amounted to over 33 percent.

IntroductionEach year, more than 10 million children younger than five years of age die. The large majority of these deaths occur in the developing world. The verbal autopsy (VA) is a tool designed to ascertain cause of death in such settings. While VA has been validated against hospital diagnosed cause of death, there has been no research conducted to better understand the factors that may influence individual physicians in determining cause of death from VA.Methodology/Principal FindingsThis study uses data from over 27,000 neonatal and childhood deaths from The Million Death Study in which 6.3 million people in India were monitored for vital status between 1998 and 2003. The main outcome variable was physician agreement or disagreement of category of death and the variables were assessed for association using the kappa statistic, univariate and multivariate logistic regression using a conceptual hierarchical model, and a sensitivity and specificity analysis using the final VA category of mortality as the gold standard. The main variables found to be significantly associated with increased physician agreement included older ages and male gender of the deceased. When taking into account confounding factors in the multivariate analysis, we did not find consistent significant differences in physician agreement based on the death being in a rural or urban area, at home or in a health care facility, registered or not, or the respondent's gender, religion, relationship to the deceased, or whether or not the respondent lived with the deceased.Conclusions/SignificanceFactors influencing physician agreement/disagreement to the greatest degree are the gender and age of the deceased; specifically, physicians tend to be less likely to agree on a common category of death in female children and in younger ages, particularly neonates. Additional training of physician reviewers and continued adaptation of the VA itself, with a focus on gender and age of the deceased, may be useful in increasing rates of physician agreement in these groups.

Seroprevalence of 67.6% is used with 765 million infectionsa from an age-adjusted population as of 14 Jun-6 Jul 2021 from the 4th nationwide serosurvey [6].

In 2019, ************************************************** were the leading cause of death in India. However, it is interesting to note that the mortality rate is likely to increase for cardiovascular diseases by 2030.

Cardiovascular Disease Market Outlook

In 2023, the global cardiovascular disease market size is estimated to be USD 146 billion, and it is projected to reach USD 230 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 5.2%. Growth factors such as the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, advancements in medical technology, and the rising geriatric population are driving this market towards significant expansion.

The primary growth factor for the cardiovascular disease market is the rising prevalence of cardiovascular conditions worldwide. Factors such as sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, and increasing rates of obesity and diabetes are contributing to the surge in cardiovascular diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year. This staggering number underscores the urgent need for efficient diagnostic tools, effective treatments, and preventive measures, all of which fuel market growth.

Technological advancements in the field of medical devices and pharmaceuticals also play a critical role in driving the cardiovascular disease market. Innovative drug formulations and cutting-edge medical devices, such as minimally invasive surgical devices and advanced imaging systems, have significantly improved patient outcomes. For instance, the development of next-generation stents, bioresorbable vascular scaffolds, and wearable heart monitors are some of the key technological innovations that have revolutionized cardiovascular care. These advancements not only enhance the quality of life for patients but also reduce the economic burden on healthcare systems, thereby propelling market growth.

The aging global population is another significant factor contributing to the growth of the cardiovascular disease market. Older adults are more susceptible to cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. As the global population continues to age, the demand for cardiovascular treatments and diagnostic tools is expected to rise correspondingly. According to the United Nations, the number of people aged 60 and above is projected to double by 2050, reaching approximately 2.1 billion. This demographic shift necessitates increased healthcare investments and innovations in cardiovascular care, further boosting the market.

Regionally, the cardiovascular disease market exhibits varied growth patterns. North America currently dominates the market due to the presence of advanced healthcare infrastructure, high healthcare expenditure, and a significant patient population. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period. Factors such as rapid urbanization, increasing healthcare awareness, improving healthcare infrastructure, and the rising prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases are driving the market in this region. Countries like China and India are expected to be the major contributors to this growth.

Drug Type Analysis

The cardiovascular disease market can be segmented by drug type into antihypertensive drugs, antithrombotic drugs, lipid-lowering drugs, and others. Antihypertensive drugs are designed to manage high blood pressure, a key risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases. These drugs, including ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers, help to reduce the strain on the heart and arteries, thereby lowering the risk of heart attacks and strokes. The growing prevalence of hypertension across the globe is driving demand for these drugs, as patients seek effective management options to mitigate their risk of serious cardiovascular events.

Antithrombotic drugs, which include anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, are critical in preventing and treating blood clots that can lead to heart attacks and strokes. These drugs work by inhibiting the formation of blood clots or by preventing existing clots from getting larger. The increasing incidence of thrombotic events, particularly among aging populations and those with underlying health conditions like atrial fibrillation, is driving the market for antithrombotic drugs. Innovations in drug formulations and delivery methods are further enhancing their efficacy and safety profiles, making them a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease management.

Lipid-lowering drugs, such as statins, fibrates, and PCSK9 inhibitors, are vital for managing dyslipidemia, a condition characterized by abnormal levels of lipids in the blood. High levels of low-density lipoprotein (

Traffic accidents caused the most number of deaths across India in 2022, at over 194 thousand and most of the traffic accidents occurred at roads where the traffic was uncontrolled. The maximum number of accidental deaths across the south Asian country were reported in the city of Mumbai.

COVID-19: As on Date: Number of Death: Himachal Pradesh data was reported at 4,247.000 Case in 21 Apr 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 4,247.000 Case for 14 Apr 2025. COVID-19: As on Date: Number of Death: Himachal Pradesh data is updated daily, averaging 4,136.000 Case from Mar 2020 (Median) to 21 Apr 2025, with 1579 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,247.000 Case in 21 Apr 2025 and a record low of 0.000 Case in 22 Mar 2020. COVID-19: As on Date: Number of Death: Himachal Pradesh data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Disease Outbreaks – Table IN.HLF006: Disease Outbreaks: Coronavirus 2019: MOHFW.

Cardiovascular diseases were the leading causes of death across selected states in India between 2017 and 2019. Respiratory diseases accounted to a share of over seven percent of deaths in EAG states and Assam during that time period.

WHO: COVID-2019: Number of Patients: Death: To-Date: India data was reported at 533,333.000 Person in 24 Dec 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 533,333.000 Person for 23 Dec 2023. WHO: COVID-2019: Number of Patients: Death: To-Date: India data is updated daily, averaging 484,213.000 Person from Jan 2020 (Median) to 24 Dec 2023, with 1425 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 533,333.000 Person in 24 Dec 2023 and a record low of 0.000 Person in 12 Mar 2020. WHO: COVID-2019: Number of Patients: Death: To-Date: India data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Health Organization. The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Disease Outbreaks – Table WHO.D002: World Health Organization: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019): by Country and Region (Discontinued).