One in every 100 children dies before completing one year of life. Around 68 percent of infant mortality is attributed to deaths of children before completing 1 month. 15,000 children die every day – Child mortality is an everyday tragedy of enormous scale that rarely makes the headlines Child mortality rates have declined in all world regions, but the world is not on track to reach the Sustainable Development Goal for child mortality Before the Modern Revolution child mortality was very high in all societies that we have knowledge of – a quarter of all children died in the first year of life, almost half died before reaching the end of puberty Over the last two centuries all countries in the world have made very rapid progress against child mortality. From 1800 to 1950 global mortality has halved from around 43% to 22.5%. Since 1950 the mortality rate has declined five-fold to 4.5% in 2015. All countries in the world have benefitted from this progress In the past it was very common for parents to see children die, because both, child mortality rates and fertility rates were very high. In Europe in the mid 18th century parents lost on average between 3 and 4 of their children Based on this overview we are asking where the world is today – where are children dying and what are they dying from?

5.4 million children died in 2017 – Where did these children die? Pneumonia is the most common cause of death, preterm births and neonatal disorders is second, and diarrheal diseases are third – What are children today dying from? This is the basis for answering the question what can we do to make further progress against child mortality? We will extend this entry over the course of 2020.

@article{owidchildmortality, author = {Max Roser, Hannah Ritchie and Bernadeta Dadonaite}, title = {Child and Infant Mortality}, journal = {Our World in Data}, year = {2013}, note = {https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality} }

This data package consists of 26 datasets all containing statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it belonging to different countries, mostly the United States.

Information discussed between parents and children provide a foundation for children's developing understanding of health and illness. Parents of 3-to-7-year-old children (N = 516, 62% female, 78% White) residing in the United States were recruited using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk during July 29th– August 10th, 2020. We asked parents to report three questions that their children had asked about the COVID-19 pandemic and asked them to report how they responded to those questions. Children’s questions focused on lifestyle changes (22%), while parental responses were often about the virus (23%). We examined the stability of content of children’s questions and parental responses between the first peak and second peak of infection and death rates due to COVID-19 in the United States. The topic of children’s questions and the types of parental responses shifted between the two peaks, such that parents during the second peak of the pandemic reported their children asking more frequently about the virus and preventive measures than children in the first peak. Meanwhile, parents during the second peak of infection and death rates were more focused on responding to their children’s questions with information about the virus. We used Latent Class Analysis to explore overall patterns in children’s questions and parents’ responses. For children’s questions, three latent classes were obtained: (1) the virus [39%], (2) the virus/lifestyle changes [21%], and (3) lifestyle changes/preventive measures [40%]. For parents’ responses three latent classes were found: (1) the virus/self-protection [54%], (2) reassurance/the virus [28%], and (3) simple yes/no answers without further explanation [17%]. These results suggest that children’s questions and parental responses can be captured in terms of a discrete number of latent classes.

Information discussed between parents and children provide a foundation for children's developing understanding of health and illness. Parents of 3-to-7-year-old children (N = 516, 62% female, 78% White) residing in the United States were recruited using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk during July 29th– August 10th, 2020. We asked parents to report three questions that their children had asked about the COVID-19 pandemic and asked them to report how they responded to those questions. Children’s questions focused on lifestyle changes (22%), while parental responses were often about the virus (23%). We examined the stability of content of children’s questions and parental responses between the first peak and second peak of infection and death rates due to COVID-19 in the United States. The topic of children’s questions and the types of parental responses shifted between the two peaks, such that parents during the second peak of the pandemic reported their children asking more frequently about the virus and preventive measures than children in the first peak. Meanwhile, parents during the second peak of infection and death rates were more focused on responding to their children’s questions with information about the virus. We used Latent Class Analysis to explore overall patterns in children’s questions and parents’ responses. For children’s questions, three latent classes were obtained: (1) the virus [39%], (2) the virus/lifestyle changes [21%], and (3) lifestyle changes/preventive measures [40%]. For parents’ responses three latent classes were found: (1) the virus/self-protection [54%], (2) reassurance/the virus [28%], and (3) simple yes/no answers without further explanation [17%]. These results suggest that children’s questions and parental responses can be captured in terms of a discrete number of latent classes.

Objective: Road traffic accidents are a global issue and serious threat for public health. Children are at high risk of serious injury or death from motor vehicle crashes. Child safety seats (CSSs) can reduce the risk of death and serious injury in children. This study was done to determine the prevalence of child safety seat use in vehicles and the factors influencing their use in a safe society (Tehran, Iran) in 2015. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 804 parents with children under 12 years old who owned private cars were questioned in different areas of Tehran. A questionnaire included demographic data, and 2 specific questionnaires were used for families that used a CSS and those did not use a CSS. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. All analyses were carried out using SPSS 21. Results: The prevalence of child safety seat use was 18.7% and was significantly higher among parents with an income greater than 50 million rials/month, parents who received child safety seat recommendations, parents living in the north of Tehran, and fathers with more driving experience. Age, weight, and height of children were also factors that influenced the use of child safety seats. The most common reasons for parents to use child safety seats was awareness about the benefits of this device and fear of harm to the child, and the most common reasons for nonuse were child intolerance while sitting in the seat and cost. Conclusion: The prevalence of child safety seat use in Tehran is very low, and most parents are not aware of the importance of child safety seats. Comprehensive programs, including legislation, law enforcement, public education, and publicity to promote the benefits of using CSSs, in Tehran can be an effective step toward increasing the use of child safety devices.

Background: Cancer is the most frequently diagnosed disease-related cause of death among children and adolescents study objectives: This study was conducted to assess parental occupational and environmental risk factors among a sample of Egyptian childhood bone cancer cases. Subject &methods: A retrospective case control study was conducted in Mansoura Oncology center (OCMU). Study groups included bone cancer cases (n=51) and matched control group (n=67). Data collection included demographic data, history of occupational &environmental risk factors such as pesticides, solvents and radiation for children & parents. Results: Consanguinity, exposure to n nitrose compounds through burning incense & environmental tobacco smoke are significantly higher among bone cancer cases (p<0.05). The most common maternal chemical exposure is household cleaning products and organophosphate pesticides exposure for fathers mainly in farming jobs. Paternal risky jobs such as farming, driving and excavation were slightly higher among cases than controls with no significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: The current study revealed that consanguinity and environmental tobacco smoke are significant predictors for bone cancer. It is recommended to add surveillance for environmental and occupational exposures to childhood cancer patients in different oncology centers in Egypt to help tracking of environmental &occupational carcinogens.

Each year Eurostat collects demographic data at regional level from EU, EFTA and Candidate countries as part of the Population Statistics data collection. POPSTAT is Eurostat’s main annual demographic data collection and aims to gather information on demography and migration at national and regional levels by various breakdowns (for the full overview see the Eurostat dedicated section). More specifically, POPSTAT collects data at regional levels on:

• population stocks;
• vital events (live births and deaths).

Each country must send the statistics for the reference year (T) to Eurostat by 31 December of the following calendar year (T+1). Eurostat then publishes the data in March of the calendar year after that (T+2).

Demographic data at regional level include statistics on the population at the end of the calendar year and on live births and deaths during that year, according to the official classification for statistics at regional level (NUTS - nomenclature of territorial units for statistics) in force in the year. These data are broken down by NUTS 2 and 3 levels for EU countries. For more information on the NUTS classification and its versions please refer to the Eurostat dedicated pages. For EFTA and Candidate countries the data are collected according to the agreed statistical regions that have been coded in a way that resembles NUTS.

The breakdown of demographic data collected at regional level varies depending on the NUTS/statistical region level. These breakdowns are summarised below, along with the link to the corresponding online table:

NUTS 2 level

• Population by sex, age and region of residence — demo_r_d2jan
• Population on 1 January by age group, sex and region of residence — demo_r_pjangroup
• Live births by mother's age, mother's year of birth and mother's region of residence — demo_r_fagec
• Deaths by sex, age, and region of residence — demo_r_magec

NUTS 3 level

• Population on 1 January by sex, age group and region of residence — demo_r_pjangrp3
• Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and region of residence — demo_r_pjanaggr3
• Live births (total) by region of residence — demo_r_births
• Live births by five-year age group of the mothers and region of residence — demo_r_fagec3
• Deaths (total) by region of residence — demo_r_deaths
• Deaths by five-year age group, sex and region of residence — demo_r_magec3

This more detailed breakdown (by five-year age group) of the data collected at NUTS 3 level started with the reference year 2013 and is in accordance with the European laws on demographic statistics. In addition to the regional codes set out in the NUTS classification in force, these online tables include few additional codes that are meant to cover data on persons and events that cannot be allocated to any official NUTS region. These codes are denoted as CCX/CCXX/CCXXX (Not regionalised/Unknown level 1/2/3; CC stands for country code) and are available only for France, Hungary, North Macedonia and Albania, reflecting the raw data as transmitted to Eurostat.

For the reference years from 1990 to 2012 all countries sent to Eurostat all the data on a voluntary basis, therefore the completeness of the tables and the length of time series reflect the level of data received from the responsible National Statistical Institutes’ (NSIs) data provider. As a general remark, a lower data breakdown is available at NUTS 3 level as detailed:

• population data are broken down by sex and broad age groups (0-14, 15-64 and 65 or more). The data have this disaggregation since the reference year 2007 for all countries, and even longer for some — demo_r_pjanaggr3
• vital events (live births and deaths) data are available only as totals, without any further breakdown — demo_r_births and demo_r_deaths

Demographic indicators are calculated by Eurostat based on the above raw data using a common methodology for all countries and regions. The regional demographic indicators computed by NUTS level and the corresponding online tables are summarised below:

NUTS 2 level

• Population structure indicators by region of residence (shares of various population age groups, dependency ratios and median age) — demo_r_pjanind2
• Fertility indicators by region of residence — demo_r_find2
• Fertility rates by age and region of residence — demo_r_frate2
• Life table by age, sex and region of residence — demo_r_mlife
• Life expectancy by age, sex and region of residence — demo_r_mlifexp
• Infant mortality rates by region of residence — demo_r_minfind

NUTS 3 level

• Population change - Demographic balance and crude rates at regional level — demo_r_gind3
• Population density by region — demo_r_d3dens
• Population structure indicators by region of residence (shares of various population age groups, dependency ratios and median age) — demo_r_pjanind3
• Fertility indicators by region of residence (total fertility rate, mean age of woman at childbirth and median age of woman at childbirth) — demo_r_find3

Notes:

1) All the indicators are computed for all lower NUTS regions included in the tables (e.g. data included in a table at NUTS 3 level will include also the data for NUTS 2, 1 and country levels).

2) Demographic indicators computed by NUTS 2 and 3 levels are calculated using input data that have different age breakdown. Therefore, minor differences can be noted between the values corresponding to the same indicator of the same region classified as NUTS 2, 1 or country level.

3) Since the reference year 2015, Eurostat has stopped collecting data on area; therefore, the table 'Area by NUTS 3 region (demo_r_d3area)' includes data up to the year 2015 included.

4) Starting with the reference year 2016, the population density indicator is computed using the new data on area 'Area by NUTS 3 region (reg_area3).

Maternal mortality rates can vary significantly around the world. For example, in 2022, Estonia had a maternal mortality rate of zero per 100,000 live births, while Mexico reported a rate of 38 deaths per 100,000 live births. However, the regions with the highest number of maternal deaths are Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, with differences between countries and regions often reflecting inequalities in health care services and access. Most causes of maternal mortality are preventable and treatable with the most common causes including severe bleeding, infections, complications during delivery, high blood pressure during pregnancy, and unsafe abortion. Maternal mortality in the United States In 2022, there were a total of 817 maternal deaths in the United States. Women aged 25 to 39 years accounted for 578 of these deaths, however, rates of maternal mortality are much higher among women aged 40 years and older. In 2022, the rate of maternal mortality among women aged 40 years and older in the U.S. was 87 per 100,000 live births, compared to a rate of 21 among women aged 25 to 39 years. The rate of maternal mortality in the U.S. has risen in recent years among all age groups. Differences in maternal mortality in the U.S. by race/ethnicity Sadly, there are great disparities in maternal mortality in the United States among different races and ethnicities. In 2022, the rate of maternal mortality among non-Hispanic white women was about 19 per 100,000 live births, while non-Hispanic Black women died from maternal causes at a rate of almost 50 per 100,000 live births. Rates of maternal mortality have risen for white and Hispanic women in recent years, but Black women have by far seen the largest increase in maternal mortality. In 2022, around 253 Black women died from maternal causes in the United States.

Sleep Position Reminder Wearable for Parents Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Sleep Position Reminder Wearable for Parents market size reached USD 1.13 billion in 2024. The market is experiencing robust expansion, driven by increasing parental awareness about infant sleep safety, with a recorded CAGR of 12.8% from 2025 to 2033. By the end of 2033, the market is forecasted to achieve a valuation of USD 3.39 billion. This impressive growth is primarily attributed to technological advancements in wearable devices, rising incidences of sleep-related disorders among infants, and a growing emphasis on safe sleep practices among new parents.

One of the primary growth factors for the Sleep Position Reminder Wearable for Parents market is the increasing prevalence of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and other sleep-related risks among infants and toddlers. Parents worldwide are becoming more vigilant about safe sleep environments, and wearable technology offers real-time feedback and reminders that help mitigate these risks. As healthcare professionals and pediatricians emphasize the importance of correct sleep positions, the demand for reliable, user-friendly sleep position reminder wearables continues to surge. Additionally, government initiatives and awareness campaigns have played a crucial role in educating parents about the benefits of such devices, further fueling market expansion.

Another significant driver is the rapid evolution and integration of advanced technologies such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi connectivity, and sensor-based monitoring into wearable devices. These technological innovations have enhanced the functionality, accuracy, and convenience of sleep position reminder wearables, making them more appealing to tech-savvy parents. The proliferation of smart devices and the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem has enabled seamless data synchronization, remote monitoring, and personalized alerts, thereby improving user experience and trust in these products. Furthermore, the competitive landscape is witnessing continuous product launches and updates, with key players investing in research and development to differentiate their offerings.

The expansion of digital retail channels and the increasing accessibility of online stores have also significantly contributed to the market's growth. As more parents turn to e-commerce platforms for purchasing childcare products, manufacturers and distributors are leveraging digital marketing and direct-to-consumer sales strategies to reach a broader audience. The convenience of comparing features, reading reviews, and accessing expert advice online has empowered parents to make informed purchasing decisions. Additionally, partnerships with pharmacies and specialty stores have bolstered the offline presence of these devices, ensuring that they are readily available to parents in both urban and rural settings.

From a regional perspective, North America currently dominates the Sleep Position Reminder Wearable for Parents market, accounting for the largest share in 2024. The region's leadership is underpinned by high consumer awareness, advanced healthcare infrastructure, and a strong presence of leading wearable technology companies. Europe follows closely, benefiting from stringent safety regulations and widespread adoption of innovative parenting solutions. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is poised for the fastest growth, driven by rising disposable incomes, increasing urbanization, and a growing middle-class population. As market penetration deepens in emerging economies, the global landscape is expected to become more balanced over the forecast period.

Product Type Analysis

The Sleep Position Reminder Wearable for Parents market is segmented by product type into smart bands, clip-on devices, smart clothing, and others. Smart bands have emerged as the most popular product segment, owing to their versatility, ease of use, and integration with smartphones and other digital devices. These bands are often equipped with advanced sensors and connectivity features, allowing parents to receive instant alerts and monitor their child’s sleep position in real time. The user-friendly design and customizable alert settings make smart bands particularly attractive to tech-savvy parents who prioritize convenience and efficiency in their parenting routines.

Clip-on devices represent another signifi

Abstract (en): This dataset was produced by Darrett B. and Anita H. Rutman while researching their book A Place in Time: Middlesex County Virginia, 1650-1750 and the companion volume, A Place in Time: Explicatus (both New York: Norton, 1984). Together, these works were intended as an ethnography of the English settlers of colonial Middlesex County, which lies on the Chesapeake Bay. The Rutmans created this dataset by consulting documentary records from Middlesex and Lancaster Counties (Middlesex was split from Lancaster in the late 1660s) and material artifacts, including gravestones and house lots. The documentary records include information about birth, marriage, death, migration, land patents and conveyances, probate, church matters, and government matters. The Rutmans organized this material by person involved in the recorded events, producing over 12,000 individual biographical sheets. The biographical sheets contain as much information as could be found for each individual, including dates of birth, marriage, and death; children's names and dates of birth and death; names of parents and spouses; appearance in wills, transaction receipts, and court proceedings; occupation and employers; and public service. This process is described in detail in Chapter 1 of A Place in Time: Middlesex County Virginia, 1650-1750. The Rutmans' biographical sheets have been archived at the Virginia Historical Society in Richmond, Virginia. To produce this dataset, most of the sheets were photographed (those with minimal information -- usually only a name and one date -- were omitted). Information from the sheets was then hand-keyed and organized into two data tables: one containing information about the individuals who were the main subjects of each sheet, and one containing information about children listed on those sheets. Because individuals appear several times, data for the same person frequently appears in both tables and in more than one row in each table. For example, a woman who lived all her life in Middlesex and married once would have two rows in the children's table -- one for her appearance on her mother's sheet and one for her appearance on her father's sheet -- and two rows in the individual table -- one for the sheet with her maiden name and one for the sheet with her married name. After entry, records were linked in order to associate all appearances of the same individual and to associate individuals with spouses, parents, children, siblings, and other relatives. Sheets with minimal information were not included in the dataset. The data includes information on 6586 unique individuals. There are 4893 observations in the individual file, and 7552 in the kids file. The purpose of the data collection was to develop an ethnography of the English settlers of colonial Middlesex County, Virginia, which lies in the Chesapeake Bay. The Rutmans created this dataset by consulting documentary records from Middlesex and Lancaster Counties (Middlesex was split from Lancaster in the late 1660s) and material artifacts, including gravestones and house lots. The documentary records include information about birth, marriage, death, migration, land patents and conveyances, probate, church matters, and government matters. The Rutmans organized this material by person involved in recorded events, producing over 12,000 individual biographical sheets. The biographical sheets contain as much information as could be found for each individual, including dates of birth, marriage, and death; children's names and dates of birth and death; names of parents and spouses; appearance in wills, transaction receipts, and court proceedings; occupation and employers; and public service. This process is described in detail in Chapter 1 of A Place in Time: Middlesex County Virginia, 1650-1750 (New York: Norton, 1984). The data are not weighted. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. English settlers of colonial Middlesex County, Virginia. Smallest Geographic Unit: county The original data collection was not sampled. However, in computerizing this resource, biographical shee...

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Baby Safety Gadgets market size was USD 3458.2 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.00% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1383.28 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1037.46 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 795.39 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 172.91 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 69.16 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.7% from 2024 to 2031.
The Baby Monitor held the highest Baby Safety Gadgets market revenue share in 2024.

Market Dynamics of Baby Safety Gadgets Market

Key Drivers for Baby Safety Gadgets Market

Increasing Awareness of Child Safety to Increase the Demand Globally

Increasing awareness of child safety is driving the Baby Safety Gadgets Market as parents and caregivers become more conscious of potential risks and the need to protect infants and toddlers. Educational campaigns, medical advice, and media coverage highlight the importance of safeguarding children from hazards such as accidents, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and other safety concerns. This heightened awareness prompts parents to invest in advanced safety gadgets like smart monitors, baby proofing products, and alert systems to ensure their children’s well-being. As a result, there is growing demand for innovative and reliable safety solutions that offer peace of mind and enhance child protection, fueling market growth and encouraging ongoing product development.

Rising Birth Rates to Propel Market Growth

Rising birth rates are driving the Baby Safety Gadgets Market as an increasing number of families seek to ensure the safety and well-being of their newborns and young children. With more infants being born, there is a heightened demand for safety products designed to protect against common risks and hazards. Parents are investing in gadgets such as baby monitors, safety gates, and sleep sensors to monitor and safeguard their children. This growing market is further supported by the expanding number of families and the need for effective, reliable solutions to address safety concerns. As birth rates rise, so does the consumer base for baby safety gadgets, fueling market growth and prompting continuous innovation in protective technologies.

Restraint Factor for the Baby Safety Gadgets Market

High Initial Costs to Limit the Sales

High initial costs are restraining the Baby Safety Gadgets Market because premium safety gadgets often come with significant price tags, which can be prohibitive for many consumers, especially in developing regions or among budget-conscious families. These high costs can limit access to advanced technology and reduce adoption rates. Additionally, the perceived value of expensive gadgets may not always align with the financial constraints of some households, leading to reluctance in purchasing. While high-quality safety gadgets can offer enhanced features and reliability, their elevated price points can slow market growth and restrict broader consumer acceptance, impacting overall market expansion.

Limited acceptance and awareness of the products in developing countries is hampering the market growth

The low acceptance and recognition of baby safety devices in emerging economies offer a huge market growth opportunity. In most emerging markets, the idea of baby safety using technology-based tools like intelligent monitors, wearable trackers, and childproofing devices is relatively new. For instance, Premature birth is the most common cause of death for children globally. Over 3,000 children younger than age five die from premature birth collection nearly on a daily basis. This awareness gap is due to insufficient education, lack of access to information, ...

BackgroundDespite public health campaigns promoting infant sleep safety, SUDI (including SIDS and fatal sleep accidents) remains one of the most significant contributors to post-neonatal infant death in many high-income countries. Bedsharing remains common despite predominant risk elimination guidelines, with many families struggling to follow rigid rules of avoidance. Risk minimisation considers the complexities of family life and recognises most infant deaths in shared sleep environments are associated with additional risk factors.Purpose and methodsIntegrative review methodology was used to investigate the information parents need to minimise risk for infants under 12 months who share a sleep surface. Database searches included Scopus, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycNET and Emcare to identify peer-reviewed publications published January 2013–March 2025. Quality appraisal was undertaken using the QuADs tool.ResultsA total of 60 articles met eligibility criteria. Twelve themes were generated from the data and grouped under four key domains: 1. Challenges in creating safer shared sleep environments, 2. Solutions/strategies used by parents to address challenges, 3. Family experiences when risk factors are present, and 4. Information needs of parents and caregivers. Families reported sharing sleep with infants, intentionally and accidentally, including those at a higher risk of SUDI. Bedsharing often occurs outside of a conscious parental ‘choice’, while families frequently refrain from disclosing bedsharing practices to health professionals. In the absence of formal guidance on safer shared sleep strategies, families generated their own solutions potentially increasing risk.ConclusionParents need universal access to non-judgmental, neutrally-worded support that allows them to ‘prepare to share’ and employ strategies to enhance infant sleep safety wherever, and whenever it occurs.

Non-human primates respond to the death of a conspecific in diverse ways, some of which may present phylogenetic continuity with human thanatological responses. Of these responses, infant corpse carrying by mothers (ICC) is the most frequently reported. Despite its prevalence, quantitative analyses of this behaviour are scarce and inconclusive. We compiled a database of 409 published cases across 50 different primate species of mothers’ responses to their infants’ deaths and used Bayesian phylogenetic regressions with an information-theoretic approach to test hypotheses proposed to explain between- and within-species variation in ICC. We found that ICC was more likely when the infant’s death was non-traumatic (e.g. illness) versus traumatic (e.g. infanticide), and when the mother was younger. These results support the death detection hypothesis, which proposes that ICC occurs when there are fewer contextual or sensory cues indicating death. Such an interpretation suggests that primates are able to attain an awareness of death. In addition, when carried, infant age affected ICC duration, with longer ICC observed for younger infants. This result suggests that ICC is a by-product of strong selection on maternal behaviour. The findings are discussed in the context of the evolution of emotion, and implications for evolutionary thanatology are proposed.

Methods We searched the scientific literature for cases of primate mothers responding to the corpse of their dead infant. Cases were cross-referenced using three published reviews [5,7,28]. We included only events in which there was enough opportunity for the mother to carry the corpse [5]. Specifically, we recorded a case of ‘corpse not carried’ if the mother was in the vicinity of the infant when the death occurred and the corpse was not consumed or monopolized by other individuals or removed by observers after the death, but the mother did not carry it. Additionally, we classified attempted but unsuccessful lifting (e.g. [30,31]) as ‘corpse not carried’ to avoid interpretation of underlying motivation. Our definition thus does not differentiate between mothers who are unable or unwilling to carry their young. For each case, we recorded 10 variables where possible: (1) the species; (2) the site where the case was reported; (3) whether the corpse was carried or not; if carried, (4) the carry duration (in days); the mother’s (5) parity, (6) age and (7) rank; (8) the infant’s age; (9) the cause of the death; and (10) the living condition (wild, provisioned, laboratory or captive). In cases where the exact duration was not known, we used the minimum (where > N) or maximum (when

The number of maternal deaths and maternal mortality rates for selected causes, 2000 to most recent year.

Dataset Description: This dataset contains materials from the Smart Discharges for Mom & Baby parent study within the Smart Discharges program of research. Materials include the parent study ethics protocol and associated documents. See the Metadata section below for links to related publications and datasets. Background: In low-income country settings, the first six weeks after birth remain a critical period of vulnerability for both mother and newborn. Despite recommendations for routine post-discharge follow-up, few mothers and newborns receive guideline recommended care during this period. Prediction modelling of post-delivery outcomes has the potential to improve outcomes for both mother and newborn by identifying high-risk dyads, improving risk communication, and facilitating a patient-centered approach to postnatal care. Methods: This is a mixed-methods study to explore and map the current postnatal discharge processes in Uganda.We will conduct an observational cohort study (Phase I) to develop and internally validate our risk score and aim to recruit 7,000 mother and newborn dyads from Jinja Regional Referral Hospital and Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. We will also engage with patients, families, and health workers through patient journey mapping and focus group discussions (Phases II-IV) to identify barriers and facilitators to inform the development of an evidence- and risk-based bundle of interventions to improve postnatal care (PNC) for dyads. The primary outcome is maternal and/or neonatal death or need for re-admission within six weeks of birth. Secondary outcomes include: 1. Post-natal care visits during the 6-week post-discharge period 2. Post-discharge health seeking practices for mothers/newborns during the 6-week post-discharge period 3. Causes of readmission/mortality among those who experience such outcomes, based on verbal autopsies and admission symptom/diagnosis questionnaires. Data Collection Methods: All data will be collected at the point of care using encrypted study tablets. These data will be uploaded to a Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database hosted at the BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute (Vancouver, Canada). At admission, trained study nurses will systematically collect data on clinical, social and demographic variables. Following discharge, field officers will contact mothers at 6-weeks post-discharge, to determine vital status, post-discharge health-seeking, and readmission details. Verbal autopsies were conducted for participants who had died following discharge. Direct observation and interviews will be conducted on a sub-set of participants to collect process outcomes and barriers and facilitators to the patient's journey. FGDs will be digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim in the language spoken during the recording and analyzed for emerging themes. Ethics Declaration: Ethics approvals have been obtained from the Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) Institutional Review Board (SPH-2021-177), the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology (UNCST) in Uganda (HS2174ES) and the University of British Columbia in Canada (H21-03709). This study has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05730387). Associated datasets: Pending publication NOTE for restricted files: If you are not yet a CoLab member, please complete our membership application survey to gain access to restricted files within 2 business days. Some files may remain restricted to CoLab members. These files are deemed more sensitive by the file owner and are meant to be shared on a case-by-case basis. Please contact the CoLab coordinator on this page under "collaborate with the pediatric sepsis colab."

The National Child Development Study (NCDS) is a continuing longitudinal study that seeks to follow the lives of all those living in Great Britain who were born in one particular week in 1958. The aim of the study is to improve understanding of the factors affecting human development over the whole lifespan.

The NCDS has its origins in the Perinatal Mortality Survey (PMS) (the original PMS study is held at the UK Data Archive under SN 2137). This study was sponsored by the National Birthday Trust Fund and designed to examine the social and obstetric factors associated with stillbirth and death in early infancy among the 17,000 children born in England, Scotland and Wales in that one week. Selected data from the PMS form NCDS sweep 0, held alongside NCDS sweeps 1-3, under SN 5565.

Survey and Biomeasures Data (GN 33004):
To date there have been ten attempts to trace all members of the birth cohort in order to monitor their physical, educational and social development. The first three sweeps were carried out by the National Children's Bureau, in 1965, when respondents were aged 7, in 1969, aged 11, and in 1974, aged 16 (these sweeps form NCDS1-3, held together with NCDS0 under SN 5565). The fourth sweep, also carried out by the National Children's Bureau, was conducted in 1981, when respondents were aged 23 (held under SN 5566). In 1985 the NCDS moved to the Social Statistics Research Unit (SSRU) - now known as the Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS). The fifth sweep was carried out in 1991, when respondents were aged 33 (held under SN 5567). For the sixth sweep, conducted in 1999-2000, when respondents were aged 42 (NCDS6, held under SN 5578), fieldwork was combined with the 1999-2000 wave of the 1970 Birth Cohort Study (BCS70), which was also conducted by CLS (and held under GN 33229). The seventh sweep was conducted in 2004-2005 when the respondents were aged 46 (held under SN 5579), the eighth sweep was conducted in 2008-2009 when respondents were aged 50 (held under SN 6137), the ninth sweep was conducted in 2013 when respondents were aged 55 (held under SN 7669), and the tenth sweep was conducted in 2020-24 when the respondents were aged 60-64 (held under SN 9412).

A Secure Access version of the NCDS is available under SN 9413, containing detailed sensitive variables not available under Safeguarded access (currently only sweep 10 data). Variables include uncommon health conditions (including age at diagnosis), full employment codes and income/finance details, and specific life circumstances (e.g. pregnancy details, year/age of emigration from GB).

Four separate datasets covering responses to NCDS over all sweeps are available. National Child Development Deaths Dataset: Special Licence Access (SN 7717) covers deaths; National Child Development Study Response and Outcomes Dataset (SN 5560) covers all other responses and outcomes; National Child Development Study: Partnership Histories (SN 6940) includes data on live-in relationships; and National Child Development Study: Activity Histories (SN 6942) covers work and non-work activities. Users are advised to order these studies alongside the other waves of NCDS.

From 2002-2004, a Biomedical Survey was completed and is available under Safeguarded Licence (SN 8731) and Special Licence (SL) (SN 5594). Proteomics analyses of blood samples are available under SL SN 9254.

Linked Geographical Data (GN 33497):
A number of geographical variables are available, under more restrictive access conditions, which can be linked to the NCDS EUL and SL access studies.

Linked Administrative Data (GN 33396):
A number of linked administrative datasets are available, under more restrictive access conditions, which can be linked to the NCDS EUL and SL access studies. These include a Deaths dataset (SN 7717) available under SL and the Linked Health Administrative Datasets (SN 8697) available under Secure Access.

Multi-omics Data and Risk Scores Data (GN 33592)
Proteomics analyses were run on the blood samples collected from NCDS participants in 2002-2004 and are available under SL SN 9254. Metabolomics analyses were conducted on respondents of sweep 10 and are available under SL SN 9411. Polygenic indices are available under SL SN 9439. Derived summary scores have been created that combine the estimated effects of many different genes on a specific trait or characteristic, such as a person's risk of Alzheimer's disease, asthma, substance abuse, or mental health disorders, for example. These scores can be combined with existing survey data to offer a more nuanced understanding of how cohort members' outcomes may be shaped.

Additional Sub-Studies (GN 33562):
In addition to the main NCDS sweeps, further studies have also been conducted on a range of subjects such as parent migration, unemployment, behavioural studies and respondent essays. The full list of NCDS studies available from the UK Data Service can be found on the NCDS series access data webpage.

How to access genetic and/or bio-medical sample data from a range of longitudinal surveys:
For information on how to access biomedical data from NCDS that are not held at the UKDS, see the CLS Genetic data and biological samples webpage.

Further information about the full NCDS series can be found on the Centre for Longitudinal Studies website.

The National Child Development Study (NCDS) originated in the Perinatal Mortality Survey (see SN 5565), which examined social and obstetric factors associated with still birth and infant mortality among over 17,000 babies born in Britain in one week in March 1958. Surviving members of this birth cohort have been surveyed on eight further occasions in order to monitor their changing health, education, social and economic circumstances - in 1965 at age 7, 1969 at age 11, 1974 at age 16 (the first three sweeps are also held under SN 5565), 1981 (age 23 - SN 5566), 1991 (age 33 - SN 5567), 1999/2000 (age 41/2 - SN 5578), 2004-2005 (age 46/47 - SN 5579), 2008-2009 (age 50 - SN 6137) and 2013 (age 55 - SN 7669).

There have also been surveys of sub-samples of the cohort, the most recent occurring in 1995 (age 37), when a 10% representative sub-sample was assessed for difficulties with basic skills (SN 4992). Finally, during 2002-2004, 9,340 NCDS cohort members participated in a bio-medical survey, carried out by qualified nurses (SN 5594, available under more restrictive Special Licence access conditions; see catalogue record for details). The bio-medical survey did not cover any of the topics included in the 2004/2005 survey. Further NCDS data separate to the main surveys include a response and deaths dataset, parent migration studies, employment, activity and partnership histories, behavioural studies and essays - see the NCDS series page for details.

Further information about the NCDS can be found on the Centre for Longitudinal Studies website.

How to access genetic and/or bio-medical sample data from a range of longitudinal surveys:
A useful overview of the governance routes for applying for genetic and bio-medical sample data, which are not available through the UK Data Service, can be found at Governance of data and sample access on the METADAC (Managing Ethico-social, Technical and Administrative issues in Data Access) website.

Sample of Essays (Sweep 2, Age 11), 1969
When the children of the National Child Development Study (NCDS) were 11 years old, at the time of the NCDS 2 sweep, they were given a short questionnaire to complete at school about their interests outside school, the school subjects they enjoyed most, and what they thought they were most likely to do when they left secondary school. In addition, they were asked to write an essay about what they thought their life would be like at age 25. The instructions given were as follows:

'Imagine you are now 25 years old. Write about the life you are leading, your interests, your home life and your work at the age of 25. (You have 30 minutes to do this).'

Of the 14,757 children who participated in the age 11 sweep of the NCDS (representing 90.8% of the target sample of 16,253 (Plewis et al. 2004), a total of 13,669 (92.6%) completed an essay about their imagined life at age 25. From this a sub-sample of essays was extracted

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the epidemiological and toxicological profile of all suicide victims in 2017 in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods The victims were classified by gender, age, parental absence, city, suicide form, death context, and toxicological results, using the police occurrences and the reports issued by the Instituto-Geral de Perícias do RS. Multiple correspondence analysis and the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel X 2 test were used to evaluate associations between the parameters studied. Results There were 1,284 suicides (11.3 cases/100,000 inhabitants) in RS in 2017, 80% of which were men and 46% were young and old. Porto Alegre had the highest number of victims and the region of the Vale do Rio Pardo, the highest rate (20.8 cases/100,000 inhabitants). The hanging was the most used medium and the depression, the most mentioned context in the occurrences. The presence of ethanol was observed in 30% of the samples analyzed, with an adult male profile associated with the presence of other psychotropic substances, whose class was most frequently detected with anxiolytics. The nitrite was the most detected poison among the samples sent for this purpose. There was an association between parental absence and young people, between suicidal intoxication method and women and among young people and the presence of illicit compounds. Conclusion Mortality due to suicide continues to increase in RS, which, historically, has the highest Brazilian index. The information obtained in this study supports new research, promoting awareness raising, guidance to health services and the elaboration of more preventive public policies.

Child Safety Seat In Car Market Outlook

The global child safety seat in car market size was valued at approximately USD 1.8 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 3.5 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 7.5% during the forecast period. This market is witnessing significant growth due to the increasing awareness about child safety, stringent government regulations mandating the use of child safety seats, and a rising number of car accidents globally. The burgeoning demand for safer and more comfortable travel options for children further fuels the expansion of this market.

One of the primary growth factors for the child safety seat market is the increasing awareness and concern among parents about the safety of their children while traveling. This heightened awareness has been driven by various campaigns and educational programs launched by governments and non-profit organizations, which aim to inform parents about the risks of not using appropriate child restraints. Moreover, as parents become more conscious of the safety and comfort of their children, they are more inclined to invest in high-quality child safety seats, thereby propelling the market forward.

Government regulations play a pivotal role in driving the growth of the child safety seat market. Numerous countries have implemented stringent laws and regulations requiring the use of child safety seats for young passengers. For instance, in the United States, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has established guidelines mandating the use of child safety seats until a certain age and weight. Similar regulations are enforced in the European Union, Canada, and various other regions. These regulatory frameworks ensure a steady demand for child safety seats as compliance becomes a legal necessity for vehicle owners with young children.

Another significant growth driver for the market is the rising number of car accidents and the associated fatalities involving children. Road traffic accidents are a leading cause of death and injury among children, emphasizing the need for effective safety measures. Child safety seats have been proven to reduce the risk of fatal injury significantly during accidents. This has led to increased adoption of these seats, with parents and guardians prioritizing the safety of their young passengers. Consequently, the market for child safety seats continues to grow as road safety remains a critical concern globally.

The integration of Vehicle ISOFIX Anchorage systems has become increasingly important in the child safety seat market. ISOFIX is an international standard for attachment points for child safety seats in passenger cars, which enhances the ease of installation and reduces the risk of incorrect fitting. This system provides a more secure and stable connection between the child safety seat and the vehicle, minimizing the movement of the seat during a collision. As awareness of the benefits of ISOFIX systems grows, manufacturers are incorporating these anchorage points into their designs, ensuring that parents can easily and confidently install child safety seats. This development not only improves safety but also aligns with the regulatory requirements in many regions, further driving the adoption of child safety seats equipped with ISOFIX anchorage.

Regionally, North America and Europe are expected to dominate the child safety seat market due to their established regulatory frameworks and high levels of awareness among consumers. However, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period. This growth can be attributed to the increasing disposable income, rapid urbanization, and a growing middle-class population that is becoming more aware of child safety issues. Governments in countries like China and India are also focusing on enhancing road safety measures, which is expected to boost the adoption of child safety seats in these regions.

Product Type Analysis

The child safety seat market is segmented into various product types: infant car seats, convertible car seats, booster car seats, and combination car seats. Each of these product types caters to different age groups and weight categories, offering specific features and benefits. Infant car seats are designed for newborns and small infants, typically up to 1 year old. These seats are rear-facing and provide optimal support for an infant's head, neck, and spine, ensuring maximum safety during travel.&l

In 2023, a total of 187 child fatalities due to abuse or maltreatment occurred in Texas, the most out of any state. In that year, California, Ohio, New York, and North Carolina rounded out the five leading states for child abuse deaths.

In 2023, the child abuse rate for children of Hispanic origin was at 6.7, indicating 6.7 out of every 1,000 Hispanic children in the United States suffered from some sort of abuse. This rate was highest among American Indian or Alaska Native children, with 13.8 children out of every 1,000 experiencing some form of abuse. Child abuse in the U.S. The child abuse rate in the United States is highest among American Indian or Alaska Native victims, followed by African-American victims. It is most common among children between two to five years of age. While child abuse cases are fairly evenly distributed between girls and boys, more boys than girls are victims of abuse resulting in death. The most common type of maltreatment is neglect, followed by physical abuse. Risk factors Child abuse is often reported by teachers, law enforcement officers, or social service providers. In the large majority of cases, the perpetrators of abuse were a parent of the victim. Risk factors, such as teen pregnancy, violent crime, and poverty that are associated with abuse and neglect have been found to be quite high in the United States in comparison to other countries.