In 2024, six of the eight Brazilian cities with the highest homicide rates were in the Northeast. Feira da Santana led the ranking of the most violent city in Brazil, with a murder rate of ***** per 100,000 inhabitants. It was followed followed by Recife, with a homicide rate of more than ** per 100,000 inhabitants. In Latin America and the Caribbean, Feira da Santana was the **** most deadly city.

In 2024, Pernambuco reported the highest homicide rate in the country, at nearly **** occurrences per 100,000 inhabitants. Ceará, in the country's northeastern region, ranked second, with **** homicides per 100,000 inhabitants. Meanwhile, in 2022, Bahia also ranked first in numbers of homicides, with around ***** occurrences reported.

In 2022, the state of Bahia reported the largest number of homicides in Brazil. That year, ***** homicides were recorded in this northeastern state. Bahia was followed by the state of Rio de Janeiro, with ***** murders reported. Despite that, the number of homicides in Brazil reached the lowest figure that year since at least 2006, totaling ******. Homicide targets Data shows that homicides affected men disproportionaly more than women in this South American country. Considering the over ****** homicides registered in Brazil in 2022, nearly ** percent had men as victims. Again, it is important to remember the deterioration of data quality, specially in the case of femicides: there was a woman victim of violent death with no clear cause for every woman victim of homicide in Brazil. In that regard, the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia had the highest femicide rates. At least ***** of every 100,000 women who lived in those territories were murdered on account of their gender in 2023. Not only women, but the number of black and brown people murdered in Brazil had been growing throughout the years up until 2017, revealing that minorities are increasingly becoming the targets of violence. In 2022, nearly ****** people of color were killed in Brazil, over ***** times the number of non-black or non-brown people. Police Violence Police brutality has been gaining attention from the media, especially after George Floyd violent death in 2020. In Brazil, police violence, particularly in poor areas, such as favelas, is an old and well-known problem that affects society as a whole. Figures have shown that the number of civilians killed by police officers in Brazil surpassed ***** in both 2021 and 2022. Coincidentally, Rio de Janeiro and Bahia, the Brazilian states with the highest number of homicides, are also the ones with the highest number of people killed by the police. In Rio, the state with the second-highest figure, people of color were the main victims of deadly police interventions.

Context

Rio de Janeiro is one of the most beautiful and famous city in the world. Unfortunately, it's also one of the most dangerous. For the last years, in a scenario of economical and political crisis in Brazil, the State of Rio de Janeiro was one of the most affected. Since 2006, the Instituto de Segurança Pública do Rio de Janeiro (Institue of Public Security of Rio de Janeiro State) publishes reports of each police station.

Content

Three datasets are available: BaseDPEvolucaoMensalCisp - Monthly evolution of statistics by police station PopulacaoEvolucaoMensalCisp - Monthly evolution of population covered by police station delegacias - Info about each police station

Most of the data are in Brazilian Portuguese because it was extracted directly from government sites.

Acknowledgements

This dataset is provided by the Instituto de Segurança Pública. delegacias.csv was compiled by myself.

Inspiration

What is the most unsafe city in Rio de Janeiro State? And the safest? Which events can be correlated with the numbers in dataset? (Elections, crisis...) How crime correlates with population?

Abstract Background The homicide, besides being a public health problem, also reveals a complex context of social inequality that prevails in capitals and larges cities of Brazil. Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the socio-spatial context of intentional homicide victims in a capital of Brazilian Northeast. Method An ecological and documentary based study with a quantitative approach was carried out in João Pessoa, state of Paraíba, Brazil, in 2015, which considered 369 victims of homicide. Data analysis was carried out in light of descriptive statistics and spatial analysis. Results Victims of malice murder were predominantly male, young adults, non-white, singles, and less than seven years of studies. In addition, there was overlap, to a large extent of the areas where the victims of malice murder resided, with the map of the areas with the worst socioeconomic conditions. Conclusion Homicide has a substantial repercussion on the epidemiological context, in addition to its lethal characteristic. The issues surrounding them, in which important complex social issues appear, are broad and difficult to change in the short term.

In 2024, there were a total of 2,532 shootings registered in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. March was the month with the most shootings in each of the given years, except for 2024 - in that year, there were 254 occurrences, or about 10 percent of the year's total. The lowest number of shootings in the given period occurred in August 2023 when 153 cases were recorded. Police violence in Rio In 2022, the Supreme Court ordered the state government of Rio de Janeiro to come up with a plan to reduce police lethality, as the level of violence in police actions was deemed unacceptable, due to high numbers of casualties and human rights violations. The number of civilians killed as a result of police intervention more than quadrupled between 2013 and 2019, reaching a record number of 1,814 that year. Despite the decrease in comparison to 2019, every year from 2020 to 2022 saw more than 1,200 civilians being killed. Furthermore, it is deemed that there is structural racism in the actions of security forces. For instance, 80 percent of the deaths caused by police interventions in the state during 2023 were of people of color. Shootings and massacres in Rio Civil society and public institutions have made proposals to alleviate this situation. One of them is the ADPF 635 (Allegation of Violation of a Fundamental Precept), also known as ADPF Favelas Case, presented by the Brazilian Socialist Party, and whose preliminary approval took place in June 2020. The measure restricted unplanned police operations in the favelas during the pandemic. Despite its frequent violations, it showed evident results. Shootings fell from 7,368 in 2019 to less than 3,000 in 2024. Over one third of documented shootings in 2024 were due to police operations, while 288 were motivated by murder or attempted murder, the second most common reason. In March 2022, the government of Rio de Janeiro published a plan to reduce deaths during police operations. That year, the State of Rio de Janeiro recorded 92 fewer deaths than the previous year, and the number has fallen every year since.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to analyze the dynamics of lethal violent crimes in the territory of the neighborhoods of Cidade Nova, Congós, Jardim Felicidade, Marabaixo I, Muca and Novo Buritizal from the perspectives of different social actors interviewed in the city of Macapá. The research was descriptive and exploratory, developed from a bibliographical survey, field research and the systematization of secondary data collected from the Statistics and Criminal Analysis Department, subordinated to the State Secretariat of Justice and Public Security of Amapá. To this end, descriptive statistical techniques were used, associated with GIS and content analysis of interviews. The results show that the violence registered in Macapá, especially on the neighborhood level, is distributed differently in the urban space, and above all, has caused fear and insecurity in the population. The perpetrators and victims of lethal crime are predominantly male adolescents and youths, as a result of conflicts arising from non-payment of debts related to the drug trade.

The number of violent crimes against property registered in Brazil showed a downward trend from 2017 to 2020. After an increase in 2021 and 2022, this number decreased again in 2024, with ****** such cases in the South American country.Furthermore, most of the violent crimes against property in Brazil consist of vehicle thefts and break-ins.

In 2024, the highest homicide rate among 22 Latin American and Caribbean countries surveyed was in Haiti, with around 62 murders committed per 100,000 inhabitants. Trinidad and Tobago came in second, with a homicide rate of 46, while Honduras ranked seventh, with 25. In the same year, the lowest rate was recorded in El Salvador, with a homicide rate of 1.9 per 100,000 inhabitants. A violence-ridden region Violence and crime are some of the most pressing problems affecting Latin American society nowadays. More than 40 of the 50 most dangerous cities in the world are located in this region, as well as one of the twenty countries with the least peace in the world according to the Global Peace Index. Despite governments’ large spending on security and high imprisonment rates, drug and weapon trafficking, organized crime, and gangs have turned violence into an epidemic that affects the whole region and a solution to this issue appears to be hardly attainable. The cost of violence in Mexico Mexico stands out as an example of the great cost that violence inflicts upon a country, since beyond claiming human lives, it also affects everyday life and has a negative impact on the economy. Mexicans have a high perceived level of insecurity, as they do not only fear becoming victims of homicide, but also of other common crimes, such as assault or rape. Such fear prevents people from performing everyday activities, for instance, going out at night, taking a taxi or going to the movies or the theater. Furthermore, the economic toll of violence in Mexico is more than considerable. For example, the cost of homicide and violent crime amounted to 2099.8 and 1778.1 billion Mexican pesos in 2023, respectively.

The Rio de Janeiro (RJ) municipality presents one of the highest crime rates in Brazil. However, since the 2000s, a significant reduction of lethal crimes has been observed. Given this scenario, the aim of this study is to analyze the factors that determined this phenomenon. Among them, it seeks to assess the effects of the Pacifying Police Unit (Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora - UPP). To this end, the statistical error correction vector (ECV) method was used. This study allowed for the analysis of short- and long-term relationships between crime rates and variables associated with economic activity and police action. The applied dataset comprises the period between April 2002 and August 2019. The main results indicate that UPP implementation contributed to lethal crime reduction in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Furthermore, the results show that coercive police action tends to increase crime rates.

In 2024, Brazil's homicide rate reached **** incidents per 100,000 people. This is the lowest figure recorded in the country since 2012.

Data about homicide rate and the relationship with drug market and socioeconomic factors

ABSTRACT This paper describes some forms of resistance to contemporary violent arrangements - understood as the tense relations, in Brazil, between groups of the violent organized crime and between the latter and the public world - which have emerged in the speech of people who survived or were affected by a terrorist attack in the neighborhood of Benfica, in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, occurred in March, 2018. In line with other studies about forms of subjective and collective flourishing in circumstances of violence or political destruction, we will term this form of resistance as 'hope'. By engaging with two interviews conducted with two survivors, a professor, and a human rights' activist, we argue that hope, in these dialogues, amounted to responding to violence not by means of vengeance or extralegal mechanisms of violence but by using tropes that inform the defense of human rights.

Abstract The risk of violent deaths tends do increase in areas of precarious infrastructure. This paper aims to analyze the socio-spatial distribution of homicides in São José dos Campos (SJC), located in the Metropolitan Region in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2015 to 2017, considering the urbanization and urban space structuring processes. The exploratory study, based on secondary data, is grounded on descriptive statistical and spatial analysis of the homicides that occurred in SJC between 2015 and 2017. The overall rate tended to decline in the period and the deaths occurred mainly in two zones of poorer social indicators and recent urban sprawl boosted by housing policies. The research is a warning against the role of public policies in creating violent territories.

Turks and Caicos Islands saw a murder rate of ***** per 100,000 inhabitants, making it the most dangerous country for this kind of crime worldwide as of 2024. Interestingly, El Salvador, which long had the highest global homicide rates, has dropped out of the top 29 after a high number of gang members have been incarcerated. Meanwhile, Colima in Mexico was the most dangerous city for murders. Violent conflicts worldwide Notably, these figures do not include deaths that resulted from war or a violent conflict. While there is a persistent number of conflicts worldwide, resulting casualties are not considered murders. Partially due to this reason, homicide rates in Latin America are higher than those in Afghanistan or Syria. A different definition of murder in these circumstances could change the rate significantly in some countries. Causes of death Also, noteworthy is that murders are usually not random events. In the United States, the circumstances of murders are most commonly arguments, followed by narcotics incidents and robberies. Additionally, murders are not a leading cause of death. Heart diseases, strokes and cancer pose a greater threat to life than violent crime.

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Code Starter

Link To Notebook

Context

This dataset is UCDP's(Uppsala Conflict Data Program) most disaggregated dataset, covering individual events of organized violence (phenomena of lethal violence occurring at a given time and place). These events are sufficiently fine-grained to be geo-coded down to the level of individual villages, with temporal durations disaggregated to single, individual days.

Content

Brazil - Lethal violence dataset consists of 1501 Rows & 29 Columns :

• id – (A unique number to identity the protest)
• year - (Year of the protest)
• active_year – (A conflict is deemed to be active if there are at least 25 battle-related deaths per calendar year in one of the conflict’s dyads.)
• conflict_name – (Name of the conflict)
• dyad_name – (A dyad is made up of two actors)
• side_a - (First side of the actor)
• side_b - (Second side of the actor)
• number_of_sources – (Count of information sources )
• source_article – (Source of the article)
• source_office – (Source of the office)
• source_date - (Date of the source)
• source_headline – (Source news)
• source_original – (Source origin)
• where_coordinates – (Location)
• where_description – (Location description)
• adm_1 - (State)
• adm_2 - (Municipality)
• latitude - (Latitude)
• longitude - (Longitude)
• geom_wkt - (Coordinates)
• date_start - (Start date)
• date_end - (End date)
• deaths_a - (No.deaths_a)
• deaths_b - (No.deaths_b)
• deaths_civilians - (No.deaths_civilians)
• deaths_unknown - (No.deaths_unknown)
• best - (If the number is low)
• high - (Highest No.deaths)
• low - (Lowest No.deaths)

Dataset Frequency

The dataset will be updates monthly.

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In 2023, São Paulo was the Brazilian state with the highest number of violent deaths of LGBT+ people. Out of the *** deaths reported that year, 27were registered in that state. Ceará ranked second, with ** deaths. Further, most cause of these deaths were homicides.

In 2023, approximately 50,000 cases of violence against women were reported in the city of Rio de Janeiro. With over 18,000 cases, psychological violence, such as threatening behavior, harassment, and humiliation, was the category with the most reported cases, while property damage was the least reported category with fewer than 2,200 cases.

In 2023, the number of violent deaths of LGBT+ people in Brazil decreased in comparison to the previous year, totaling *** occurrences. That same year, over half of LGBT+ victims were identified as gay.

Abstract Mortality from violent causes has significantly increased in Brazil, as well as the number of deceased-donor organ transplantation. Although the increase in the number of transplants correlates with higher organ availability, through the increase in potential donors, this is not the unique aspect to be considered. The effective and articulated action of transplantation network seems to be decisive to this outcome.