The Index of Multiple Deprivation, commonly known as the IMD, is the official measure of relative deprivation for small areas in England. It is the most widely used of the Indices of Deprivation. The Index of Multiple Deprivation ranks every small area in England from 1 (most deprived area) to 32,844 (least deprived area) (2015). These small areas are called Lower-layer Super Output Areas.

The Indices of Deprivation 2015 provide a set of relative measures of deprivation for small areas (Lower-layer Super Output Areas) across England, based on seven different domains of deprivation: * Income Deprivation * Employment Deprivation * Education, Skills and Training Deprivation * Health Deprivation and Disability * Crime * Barriers to Housing and Services * Living Environment Deprivation

Each of these domains is based on a basket of indicators. As far as is possible, each indicator is based on data from the most recent time point available; in practice most indicators in the Indices of Deprivation 2015 relate to the tax year 2012/13. Combining information from the seven domains produces an overall relative measure of deprivation, the Index of Multiple Deprivation. In addition, there are seven domain-level indices, and two supplementary indices: the Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index and the Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index. A range of summary measures are available for higher-level geographies which includes local authority districts, in 2015 there were 326 local authority districts. These are based on the geographic boundaries for these areas at the time of publication. The Index of Multiple Deprivation, domain indices and the supplementary indices, together with the higher area summaries, are collectively referred to as the Indices of Deprivation. You will find attached to this dataset resources from not only the 2015 Indices but previous years as well.

Further information can be found at

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/467901/English_Indices_of_Deprivation_2015_-_Frequently_Asked_Questions.pdf

In 2019, people from most ethnic minority groups were more likely than White British people to live in the most deprived neighbourhoods.

The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) identifies areas of deprivation in each local authority area, and also for smaller areas within each local authority area known as Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs). These are similar to Middlesbrough's electoral wards.The 2015 IMD was published by the Department of Communities and Local Government.The IMD is a relative measure of deprivation and is based on a variety of indicators which have been combined into the categories listed below. The index is designed to give greater weight to certain categories which are considered to be a more significant factor in the experience of deprivation:Income Deprivation domain (weighting 22.5%); Employment Deprivation domain (22.5%);Health Deprivation and Disability domain (13.5%);Education, Skills and Training Deprivation domain (13.5%);Barriers to Housing and Services domain (9.3%);Crime domain (9.3%);Living Environment Deprivation domain (9.3%).Each of the 32,844 LSOAs in England are assigned a score based on deprivation levels and also a rank based on each of the scores. Rankings for the 326 English districts and boroughs are also calculated. Middlesbrough has a rank of average score of 6 (increased from 8 in 2010) meaning it is the 6th most deprived local authority area in England.Estimated ward ranksWhilst the IMD produces results for LSOAs, it is possible to estimate national ward ranks based on the LSOA scores. The table below shows the IMD overall rankings for Middlesbrough wards for 2015 and 2010 and also highlights rank change, with ranks being out of 7,522 (number of wards in England), where rank 1 is most deprived.Estimated ward ranks key.jpgOf the twenty Middlesbrough wards, six have improved their ranking and fourteen have got worse.Six wards (30%) are in the most deprived 1% in EnglandSeven (35%) in the most deprived 3%Ten wards (50%) are in the most deprived 10%At ward-level the biggest improvers amongst the most deprived areas are Central (from 23 in 2010 to 30 in 2015) and Ayresome (from 581 in 2010 to 681 in 2015).All six Middlesbrough wards in the top 1% most deprived wards nationally have increased their ranking (become more deprived), the most significant being North Ormesby which is now ranked the second most deprived ward nationally.You can compare IMD for each of the domains (income, employment, health and disability, education and skills, barriers to housing, crime and living environment) in each of the wards in Middlesbrough.

About the indices of deprivationThe English indices of deprivation measure relative deprivation in small areas in England. The index of multiple deprivation is the most widely used of these indices.The updated index of multiple deprivation (IMD) was published by the Department of Communities and Local Government (CLG) on 30 September 2015.The IMD brings together data covering seven different aspects or ‘domains’ of deprivation into a weighted overall index for each Lower-layer Super Output Area (LSOA) in England. The scores are then used to rank the LSOAs nationally and to calculate an IMD score for each local authority area. Local authorities are then ranked by their IMD score. The IMD presents a ranking of relative deprivation between and within local authorities in England. It is not a measure of affluence in an area, nor an absolute measure of how much more or less deprived an area is compared to another.The domains used in calculating the index are: Income; Employment; Education, Skills and Training; Health Deprivation and Disability; Crime; Barriers to Housing and Services; Living Environment. There are also two supplementary domains - Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) and Income Deprivation Affecting Older People (IDAOPI).LSOAs are a geographical unit which has an average of 1,500 residents and 650 households. They were developed following the 2001 census, through the aggregation of smaller census output areas, to create areas with a reasonably compact shape and which were socially similar (assessed through housing type). Around one percent of LSOAs were changed following the 2011 Census in order to maintain the characteristics described above. There are now 32,844 LSOAs in England. Leicester now has 192 LSOAs.Leicester IMDLeicester is ranked 21st most deprived in IMD 2015 out of 326 local authorities, compared with 25th in the 2010 Index.Leicester is ranked within the 10% most deprived local authorities in EnglandCompared to England, Leicester has almost double the population living in the two fifths (40%) most deprived LSOA’s in the country. 76% of Leicester’s population, compared with only 40% of England’s, live in the 40% most deprived LSOAs in the country.A full report on deprivation in Leicester can be found on the Leicester City Council website here: https://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council/policies-plans-and-strategies/health-and-social-care/data-reports-information/

This dataset contains a range of measures which summarise the Indices of Deprivation 2015 at local authority district level.

This dataset contains a range of measures which summarise the Indices of Deprivation 2015 at local authority district level.

Local authority districts include lower-tier non-metropolitan districts, London boroughs, unitary authorities and metropolitan districts. At the time of publication, there were 326 local authority districts in England.

Summary measures are provided for each of the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), the seven domains and the supplementary indices of income deprivation among children and older people.

The data for each summary measure are presented in pairs of scores and ranks:

• The first variable in each pair (e.g. ‘average rank’) is the score for the measure. The higher the score, the more deprived the area. • The second variable in each pair (e.g. ‘rank of average rank’) is the rank for the measure. On each measure, the local authority district with a rank of 1 is the most deprived, and the area ranked 326 is the least deprived.

You can find out more about how to interpret these measures in section 3.3 of the Research Report, and how they were calculated in section 3.8 of the Technical Report available at: www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2015.

This dataset contains a summary measure of the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010 at local authority district level. It puts the 326 Local Authority Districts into a rank order based the population weighted average rank of all LSOAs in the LAD. A rank of 1 is the most deprived.

The English Indices of Deprivation provide a relative measure of deprivation at small area level across England. Areas are ranked from least deprived to most deprived on seven different dimensions of deprivation and an overall composite measure of multiple deprivation. Most of the data underlying the 2010 indices are for the year 2008.

The Indices are designed for small areas, but one way of summarising relative deprivation at local authority level is by calculating the average rank of the LSOAs within it.

For the IMD and each domain, the summary measure is calculated by averaging all of the LSOA ranks in each local authority district. For the purpose of calculation, LSOAs are ranked such that the most deprived LSOA is given the rank of 32,482. The LSOA ranks are population weighted within a local authority district to take account of the fact that LSOA size can vary. (For simplicity in summarising the domains, the same total population size is used for all domains.) Finally the LADs are ranked according to the average rank of the LSOAs, from 1 to 326 where 1 is the most deprived.

The ‘Rank of average rank’ summary measure of for local authorities is also published for the IMD at: http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/statistics/xls/1871689.xls.

This dataset contains a summary measure of the Indices of Deprivation 2010 Living environment domain at local authority district level. It puts the 326 Local Authority Districts into a rank order based the population weighted average rank of all LSOAs in the LAD. A rank of 1 is the most deprived.

The English Indices of Deprivation provide a relative measure of deprivation at small area level across England. Areas are ranked from least deprived to most deprived on seven different dimensions of deprivation and an overall composite measure of multiple deprivation. Most of the data underlying the 2010 indices are for the year 2008.

The Indices are designed for small areas, but one way of summarising relative deprivation at local authority level is by calculating the average rank of the LSOAs within it.

For the IMD and each domain, the summary measure is calculated by averaging all of the LSOA ranks in each local authority district. For the purpose of calculation, LSOAs are ranked such that the most deprived LSOA is given the rank of 32,482. The LSOA ranks are population weighted within a local authority district to take account of the fact that LSOA size can vary. (For simplicity in summarising the domains, the same total population size is used for all domains.) Finally the LADs are ranked according to the average rank of the LSOAs, from 1 to 326 where 1 is the most deprived.

The ‘Rank of average rank’ summary measure of for local authorities is also published for the IMD at: http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/statistics/xls/1871689.xls.

The English Indices of Deprivation (IoD) was published by Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) on 26 September 2019. This release updates the indices released in 2015.The IMD brings together data covering seven different aspects or 'domains' of deprivation into a weighted overall index for each Lower-layer Super Output Area (LSOA) in England. The scores are then used to rank the LSOAs nationally and to calculate an IMD score for each local authority area. Local authorities are then ranked by their IMD score. The IMD presents a ranking of relative deprivation between and within local authorities in England. It is not a measure of affluence in an area, nor a measure of how much more or less deprived an area is compared to another.The domains used in calculating the index are: Income; Employment; Education, Skills and Training; Health Deprivation and Disability; Crime; Barriers to Housing and Services; Living Environment. There are also two supplementary domains - Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) and Income Deprivation Affecting Older People (IDAOPI).LSOAs are a geographical unit which has an average of 1,500 residents and 650 households. They were developed following the 2001 Census, through the aggregation of smaller census output areas, to create areas with a reasonably compact shape and which were socially similar (assessed through housing type). Around one percent of LSOAs were changed following the 2001 Census in order to maintain the characteristics described above. There are now 32,844 LSOAs in England. Leicester now has 192 LSOAs.Leicester IMDLeicester is ranked 32nd most deprived in IMD2019 out of 317 local authorities, compared with 21st in the 2015 index.Technical information on the Indices of Deprivation 2019 is available from

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/english-indices-of-deprivation-2019-technical-report.

Summary statistics from Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). The spreadsheet includes borough data from 2000, 2004 and 2007.

The latest Indices of Deprivation data for 2010 can be found here.

The Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007 combines a number of indicators, chosen to cover a range of economic, social and housing issues, into a single deprivation score for each small area in England. This allows each area to be ranked relative to one another according to their level of deprivation.

Local Concentration is the population weighted average of the ranks of a district’s most deprived LSOAs that contain exactly 10% of the local authority district’s population.

Extent is the proportion of a local authority district’s population living in the most deprived LSOAs in the country.

Income Scale is the number of people who are Income deprived.

Employment Scale is the number of people who are Employment deprived.

Average of LSOA Ranks is the population weighted average of the combined ranks for the LSOAs in a local authority district.

This method provides statistics on relative deprivation in England, Wales, and Scotland, including:

• The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) – a measure of overall deprivation
• Domain-specific indices (e.g., income, employment, education, health etc.) that differ by country
• Area rankings and deciles for simplified analysis

Area Types

The indices assess deprivation at a small-area level:

• England & Wales: Lower-layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs)
• Scotland: Data Zones

Ranking & Deciles

Each area is ranked from most to least deprived:

• England: 1 (most deprived) to 32,844 (least deprived)
• Wales: 1 (most deprived) to 1,909 (least deprived)
• Scotland: 1 (most deprived) to 6,976 (least deprived)

The ranks are available in the imdRank field, with domain-specific ranks in fields such as incomeRank, employmentRank, crimeRank, etc.

To simplify, areas are also categorized into deciles (1 = most deprived, 10 = least deprived), available in fields like imdDecile, incomeDecile, employmentDecile, etc.

Mapping & Consumer Platform Adjustments

We use deciles to color-code our deprivation map. However, on our consumer platform, we reversed the ratings scale to match user expectations where higher ratings are associated with higher deprivation.

For example, postcode W6 0LJ (imdDecile 2, a highly deprived area) is displayed as “_Index of Multiple Deprivation - 9/10 or high_” on the consumer platform.

Data Availability

• England & Wales: 2019
• Scotland: 2020

This dataset contains a summary measure of the Indices of Deprivation 2010 Employment domain at local authority district level. It puts the 326 Local Authority Districts into a rank order based the population weighted average rank of all LSOAs in the LAD. A rank of 1 is the most deprived.

The English Indices of Deprivation provide a relative measure of deprivation at small area level across England. Areas are ranked from least deprived to most deprived on seven different dimensions of deprivation and an overall composite measure of multiple deprivation. Most of the data underlying the 2010 indices are for the year 2008.

The Indices are designed for small areas, but one way of summarising relative deprivation at local authority level is by calculating the average rank of the LSOAs within it.

For the IMD and each domain, the summary measure is calculated by averaging all of the LSOA ranks in each local authority district. For the purpose of calculation, LSOAs are ranked such that the most deprived LSOA is given the rank of 32,482. The LSOA ranks are population weighted within a local authority district to take account of the fact that LSOA size can vary. (For simplicity in summarising the domains, the same total population size is used for all domains.) Finally the LADs are ranked according to the average rank of the LSOAs, from 1 to 326 where 1 is the most deprived.

The ‘Rank of average rank’ summary measure of for local authorities is also published for the IMD at: http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/statistics/xls/1871689.xls.

This release provides insights into self-reported health in England and Wales in 2021, broken down by age and sex. Key findings are presented at country, regional and local authority level. Additional analyses compare general health to the 2011 Census and examines the relationship between deprivation and health at a national decile (England) or quintile (Wales) level can be found here.

In 2021 and 2011, people were asked “How is your health in general?”. The response options were:

• Very good
• Good
• Fair
• Bad
• Very bad

Age specific percentage

Age-specific percentages are estimates of disability prevalence in each age group, and are used to allow comparisons between specified age groups. Further information is in the glossary.

Age-standardised percentage

Age-standardised percentages are estimates of disability prevalence in the population, across all age groups. They allow for comparison between populations over time and across geographies, as they account for differences in the population size and age structure. Further information is in the glossary.

Details on usage of Age-standardised percentage can be found here

Count

The count is the number of usual residents by general health status from very good to very bad, sex, age group and geographic breakdown. To ensure that individuals cannot be identified in the data, counts and populations have been rounded to the nearest 5, and counts under 10 have not been included..

General health

A person's assessment of the general state of their health from very good to very bad. This assessment is not based on a person's health over any specified period of time.

Index of Multiple Deprivation and Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation

National deciles and quintiles of area deprivation are created through ranking small geographical populations known as Lower layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs), based on their deprivation score from most to least deprived. They are then grouped into 10 (deciles) or 5 (quintiles) divisions based on the subsequent ranking. We have used the 2019 IMD and WIMD because this is the most up-to-date version at the time of publishing.

Population

The population is the number of usual residents of each sex, age group and geographic breakdown. To ensure that individuals cannot be identified in the data, counts and populations have been rounded to the nearest 5, and counts under 10 have not been included.

Usual resident

For Census 2021, a usual resident of the UK is anyone who, on census day, was in the UK and had stayed or intended to stay in the UK for a period of 12 months or more or had a permanent UK address and was outside the UK and intended to be outside the UK for less than 12 months.

Life expectancy (LE), healthy life expectancy (HLE), disability-free life expectancy (DFLE), Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and range by national deprivation deciles using the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2015 for data periods from 2011 to 2013 to 2015 to 2017, and the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019 for data periods from 2016 to 2018 to 2018 to 2020: England, 2011 to 2013 to 2018 to 2020.

Datafile containing 2019 Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for 2019. Spatial Projection is WGS84. Geography is at LA (Upper Tier: County and Unitary) level. The data in this file is structured for easier use within a GIS System.The English Indices of Deprivation 2019 use 39 separate indicators, organised across seven distinct domains of deprivation which can be combined, using appropriate weights, to calculate the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019 (IMD 2019). This is an overall measure of multiple deprivation experienced by people living in an area and is calculated for every Lower layer Super Output Area (LSOA) in England. The IMD 2019 can be used to rank every LSOA in England according to their relative level of deprivation.Datafile containing 2019 Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for 2019. Spatial Projection is WGS84. The data in this file is structured for easier use within a GIS System. Columns in this file are as follows: • LEP Code• LEP Name• RAvgRank = Rank of Average Rank• RAvgScor = Rank of Average Score• RPLMD10 = Rank of Proportion of LSOAs Most Deprived 10%

The English Indices of Deprivation 2019 use 39 separate indicators, organised across seven distinct domains of deprivation which can be combined, using appropriate weights, to calculate the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019 (IMD 2019). This is an overall measure of multiple deprivation experienced by people living in an area and is calculated for every Lower layer Super Output Area (LSOA) in England. The IMD 2019 can be used to rank every LSOA in England according to their relative level of deprivation.

Column

Full Column

LSOA01CD

LSOA code (2011)

LSOA01NM

LSOA name (2011)

LADcd

Local Authority District code (2019)

LADnm

Local Authority District name (2019)

IMDScore

Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) Score

IMDRank0

Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

IMDDec0

Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

IncScore

Income Score (rate)

IncRank

Income Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

IncDec

Income Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

EmpScore

Employment Score (rate)

EmpRank

Employment Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

EmpDec

Employment Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

EduScore

Education, Skills and Training Score

EduRank

Education, Skills and Training Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

EduDec

Education, Skills and Training Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

HDDScore

Health Deprivation and Disability Score

HDDRank

Health Deprivation and Disability Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

HDDDec

Health Deprivation and Disability Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

CriScore

Crime Score

CriRank

Crime Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

CriDec

Crime Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

BHSScore

Barriers to Housing and Services Score

BHSRank

Barriers to Housing and Services Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

BHSDec

Barriers to Housing and Services Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

EnvScore

Living Environment Score

EnvRank

Living Environment Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

EnvDec

Living Environment Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

IDCScore

Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) Score (rate)

IDCRank

Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

IDCDec

Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

IDOScore

Income Deprivation Affecting Older People (IDAOPI) Score (rate)

IDORank

Income Deprivation Affecting Older People (IDAOPI) Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

IDODec

Income Deprivation Affecting Older People (IDAOPI) Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

CYPScore

Children and Young People Sub-domain Score

CYPRank

Children and Young People Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

CYPDec

Children and Young People Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

ASScore

Adult Skills Sub-domain Score

ASRank

Adult Skills Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

ASDec

Adult Skills Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

GBScore

Geographical Barriers Sub-domain Score

GBRank

Geographical Barriers Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

GBDec

Geographical Barriers Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

WBScore

Wider Barriers Sub-domain Score

WBRank

Wider Barriers Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

WBDec

Wider Barriers Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

IndScore

Indoors Sub-domain Score

IndRank

Indoors Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

IndDec

Indoors Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

OutScore

Outdoors Sub-domain Score

OutRank

Outdoors Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

OutDec

Outdoors Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

TotPop

Total population: mid 2015 (excluding prisoners)

DepChi

Dependent Children aged 0-15: mid 2015 (excluding prisoners)

Pop16_59

Population aged 16-59: mid 2015 (excluding prisoners)

Pop60+

Older population aged 60 and over: mid 2015 (excluding prisoners)

WorkPop

Working age population 18-59/64: for use with Employment Deprivation Domain (excluding prisoners)

Period life expectancy at birth and other age groups at regional and local authority levels in selected constituent countries.

This dataset contains a summary measure of the Indices of Deprivation 2010 Barriers to housing and services domain at local authority district level. It puts the 326 Local Authority Districts into a rank order based the population weighted average rank of all LSOAs in the LAD. A rank of 1 is the most deprived.

The English Indices of Deprivation provide a relative measure of deprivation at small area level across England. Areas are ranked from least deprived to most deprived on seven different dimensions of deprivation and an overall composite measure of multiple deprivation. Most of the data underlying the 2010 indices are for the year 2008.

The Indices are designed for small areas, but one way of summarising relative deprivation at local authority level is by calculating the average rank of the LSOAs within it.

For the IMD and each domain, the summary measure is calculated by averaging all of the LSOA ranks in each local authority district. For the purpose of calculation, LSOAs are ranked such that the most deprived LSOA is given the rank of 32,482. The LSOA ranks are population weighted within a local authority district to take account of the fact that LSOA size can vary. (For simplicity in summarising the domains, the same total population size is used for all domains.) Finally the LADs are ranked according to the average rank of the LSOAs, from 1 to 326 where 1 is the most deprived.

The ‘Rank of average rank’ summary measure of for local authorities is also published for the IMD at: http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/statistics/xls/1871689.xls.

This dataset contains a summary measure of the Indices of Deprivation 2010 Education, skills and training domain at local authority district level. It puts the 326 Local Authority Districts into a rank order based the population weighted average rank of all LSOAs in the LAD. A rank of 1 is the most deprived.

The English Indices of Deprivation provide a relative measure of deprivation at small area level across England. Areas are ranked from least deprived to most deprived on seven different dimensions of deprivation and an overall composite measure of multiple deprivation. Most of the data underlying the 2010 indices are for the year 2008.

The Indices are designed for small areas, but one way of summarising relative deprivation at local authority level is by calculating the average rank of the LSOAs within it.

For the IMD and each domain, the summary measure is calculated by averaging all of the LSOA ranks in each local authority district. For the purpose of calculation, LSOAs are ranked such that the most deprived LSOA is given the rank of 32,482. The LSOA ranks are population weighted within a local authority district to take account of the fact that LSOA size can vary. (For simplicity in summarising the domains, the same total population size is used for all domains.) Finally the LADs are ranked according to the average rank of the LSOAs, from 1 to 326 where 1 is the most deprived.

The ‘Rank of average rank’ summary measure of for local authorities is also published for the IMD at: http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/statistics/xls/1871689.xls.

This dataset contains a summary measure of the Indices of Deprivation 2010 Health and disability domain at local authority district level. It puts the 326 Local Authority Districts into a rank order based the population weighted average rank of all LSOAs in the LAD. A rank of 1 is the most deprived.

The English Indices of Deprivation provide a relative measure of deprivation at small area level across England. Areas are ranked from least deprived to most deprived on seven different dimensions of deprivation and an overall composite measure of multiple deprivation. Most of the data underlying the 2010 indices are for the year 2008.

The Indices are designed for small areas, but one way of summarising relative deprivation at local authority level is by calculating the average rank of the LSOAs within it.

For the IMD and each domain, the summary measure is calculated by averaging all of the LSOA ranks in each local authority district. For the purpose of calculation, LSOAs are ranked such that the most deprived LSOA is given the rank of 32,482. The LSOA ranks are population weighted within a local authority district to take account of the fact that LSOA size can vary. (For simplicity in summarising the domains, the same total population size is used for all domains.) Finally the LADs are ranked according to the average rank of the LSOAs, from 1 to 326 where 1 is the most deprived.

The ‘Rank of average rank’ summary measure of for local authorities is also published for the IMD at: http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/statistics/xls/1871689.xls.