As of February 2025, El Salvador had the highest prisoner rate worldwide, with over 1,600 prisoners per 100,000 of the national population. Cuba, Rwanda, Turkmenistan, and the United States, rounded out the top five countries with the highest rate of incarceration. Homicides in El Salvador Interestingly, El Salvador, which long had the highest global homicide rates, has dropped out of the top 20 after a high number of gang members have been incarcerated. A high number of the countries with the highest homicide rate are located in Latin America. Prisoners in the United StatesThe United States is home to the largest number of prisoners worldwide. More than 1.8 million people were incarcerated in the U.S. at the beginning of 2025. In China, the estimated prison population totaled 1.69 million people that year. Other nations had far fewer prisoners. The largest share of the U.S. prisoners in federal correctional facilities were of African-American origin. As of 2020, there were 345,500 black, non-Hispanic prisoners, compared to 327,300 white, non-Hispanic inmates. The U.S. states with the largest number of prisoners in 2022 were Texas, California, and Florida. Over 160,000 prisoners in state facilities were sentenced for rape or sexual assault, which was the most common cause of imprisonment. The second most common was murder, followed by aggravated or simple assault.

At the beginning of 2025, the United States had the highest number of incarcerated individuals worldwide, with around 1.8 million people in prison. China followed with around 100,000 fewer prisoners. Brazil followed in third. The incarceration problem in the U.S. The United States has an incredibly high number of incarcerated individuals. Therefore, the incarceration problem has become a widely contested issue, because it impacts disadvantaged people and minorities the most. Additionally, the prison system has become capitalized by outside corporations that fund prisons, but there is still a high cost to taxpayers. Furthermore, there has been an increase in the amount of private prisons that have been created. For-profit prison companies have come under scrutiny because of their lack of satisfactory staff and widespread lobbying. Violent offenses are the most common type of offense among prisoners in the U.S. Incarceration rates worldwide El Salvador had the highest rate of incarceration worldwide, at 1,659 prisoners per 100,000 residents as of February 2025. Cuba followed in second with 794 prisoners per 100,000 inhabitants. The incarceration rate is a better measure to use when comparing countries than the total prison populations, which will naturally have the most populous countries topping the list.

In 2024 Turkey had the highest incarceration rate among European countries, at 356 prisoners per 100,000 inhabitants, followed by Azerbaijan, which had an incarceration of 264. The country with the lowest incarceration rate in this year was Liechtenstein, which had 20 people in prison for every 100,000 inhabitants. Germany had one of the lowest rates of 72 when compared with other major European countries such as France and England & Wales, which had rates of 111 and 145 respectively. The Russian Federation has in previous years been the country with the highest incarceration rate in the Council of Europe's data, however, as the country was removed as a member of the council in 2022 due to their invasion of Ukraine, data for Russia is no longer available.

With approximately *** million prisoners, China had by far the biggest prison population across the Asia-Pacific region in 2022. In contrast, less than ************ people were incarcerated in Brunei and Timor-Leste, respectively. Prison populations and total populationsThe varying size of prison populations throughout Asia-Pacific can be attributed to the size of the general populations across the region's countries and territories. With a population of over *** billion, China is the most populous country in the world. Despite the disparity in population size, Bhutan, which had one of the smallest prison populations in APAC in 2022, had a higher serious assault rate than other Asia-Pacific counties. Crime ratesApart from the general population size, there are other factors which can be taken into consideration, such as a diversity in justice systems. Therefore, a comparison of crime throughout the region can be challenging. Although China had a higher prison population, it had a lower intentional homicide rate compared to other Asia-Pacific countries and territories. New Zealand, Singapore, and Hong Kong have the lowest corruption index scores in the region, whereas countries including Bangladesh, Cambodia, and North Korea have recorded the highest scores.

The average for 2017 based on 138 countries was 174 prisoners per 100,000 people. The highest value was in El Salvador: 601 prisoners per 100,000 people and the lowest value was in San Marino: 9 prisoners per 100,000 people. The indicator is available from 2002 to 2017. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

In 2025, there were around *** prisoners per one hundred thousand of the population in Turkmenistan. In contrast, there were about ** prisoners per one hundred thousand of the population in Japan that year.

Hong Kong had the largest share of female prisoners as of April 2025, with over ** percent of its detainees being women. Macau had the second-highest rate at over ** percent. In the United States, *** percent of inmates were women.

The purpose of the Survey of Jails in Indian Country is an enumeration of all known adult and juvenile facilities -- jails, confinement facilities, detention centers, and other correctional facilities operated by tribal authorities or the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), U.S. Department of the Interior. For the purpose of this collection, Indian country includes reservations, pueblos, rancherias, and other Native American and Alaska Native communities throughout the United States. The survey collects data on the number of adults and juveniles held on the last weekday in June 2023, type of offense, average daily population in June, most crowded day in June, admissions and releases in June, number of inmate deaths and suicide attempts from July 1, 2022 through June 30, 2023, rated capacity on June 30, and jail staffing on June 30, 2023.

This data is the Jail Profile Survey from California. These data include highly detailed information about the inmates in jails in the state at the jail-month level and the county-month and county-quarter level of analysis. The data was scraped from the California Board of State and Community Corrections' website here https://app.bscc.ca.gov/joq//jps/queryselection.asp There are three data sets available: facility/jail-level data monthly, county-level data monthly, and county-level data quarterly. Each of these data sets offers different variables. All the data sets have the variables indicating the years, month (or quarter), and jurisdiction (in most cases the county sheriff). I added variables with the FIPS county and state codes and county names from the US census. The PDF available for download is the instruction manual from the California Board of State and Community Corrections to employees who submit the jail survey data. This manual indicates how variables are created and can help with understanding the data. I recommend reading it before using this data. I did not make any changes to the except for the following: Changed column names to make it more informative and shorten names to fit the 32 character limit for Stata. Some cells had the values D and U to represent Does Not Apply and Unavailable. In both of these cases I changed those cells to NA. I did this to allow the column to be numeric for analysis. Variables in Facility/Jail-Level Data Monthly Name of facility/jail Population capacity for the facility (if any) Average daily population for unsentenced males Average daily population for unsentenced females Average daily population for sentenced males Average daily population for sentenced females Average daily population total Variables in County-Level Data Monthly Average daily population for unsentenced males Average daily population for unsentenced females Average daily population for sentenced males Average daily population for sentenced females Average daily population total Average number of felony inmates unsentenced Average number of felony inmates sentenced Average number of felony inmates total Average number of misdemeanor inmates unsentenced Average number of misdemeanor inmates sentenced Average number of misdemeanor inmates total Day of month where county had most number of inmates The number of inmates on that day Average daily population of maximum security inmates Average daily population of medium security inmates Average daily population of minimum security inmates Number of mental health cases opened last day of month Number of new mental health cases open during month Inmates receiving psych medication on last day of month Inmates assigned to mental health beds on last day of month Inmates seen at sick call during month Doctor occurrences during month Off-site medical appointments during month Dental encounters during month Inmates assigned to medical beds on last day of month Average number of inmates not assigned to housing Average number of inmates in contract beds in other jurisdictions Average number of federal inmates in facilities (by contract) Average number of state inmates in facilities (by contract) Average number of other county inmates in facilities (by contract) Average number of inmates sent or awaiting contract to prison Average number of inmates in hospitals outside jail Total number of inmates booked during month Total number of pretrial released due to lack of housing Total number of sentenced inmates released due to lack of housing Total number of juveniles in custody Variables in County-Level Data Quarterly Number of inmates classified as "3rd Strike" Number of inmates classified as "2nd Strike" Number of unserved felony warrants in county Number of unserved misdemeanor warrants in county Percent of inmates believed to be illegal aliens Number of inmates assaults on staff Money spent on medication in previous quarter Money spent on psych medication during previous quarter Average length of stay (in days) for all released inmates Average length of stay (in days) for pretrial releases Average length of stay (in days) for sentenced inmate releases

As of May 2025, Monaco had the largest share of foreign prisoners, with almost 90 percent of its detainees being foreigners. The United Arab Emirates was ranked second, with 87.5 percent of foreign prisoners.

By 1996 it became apparent that the Los Angeles county jails faced a serious overcrowding problem. Two possible solutions to the problem were to build more jail capacity or to divert a greater number of incoming inmates to community-based, intermediate sanctions. The research team for this study was asked to review a 1996 profile of inmates in the Los Angeles jail system and to determine how many of them might have been good candidates for intermediate sanctions such as electronic monitoring, work release, house arrest, and intensive supervision. The researchers selected a sample of 1,000 pre-adjudicated (or unconvicted) inmates from the total census of inmates in jail custody on January 15, 1996, to study in more detail. Of the 1,000 offenders, the researchers were able to obtain jail and recidivism data for two years for 931 inmates. For each of these offenders, information on their prior criminal history, current offense, and subsequent recidivism behavior was obtained from official records maintained by several county agencies, including pretrial services, sheriff's department, probation, and courts. Demographic variables include date of birth, race, and gender. Prior criminal history variables for each prior adult arrest include type of filing charge, case disposition, type of sentence and sentence length imposed, and total number of prior juvenile petitions sustained. Current offense variables include arrest date, crime type for current arrest, crime charge, type and date of final case disposition, and sentence type and length, if convicted. Strike information collected includes number of strikes and the offense that qualified as a strike. Jail custody variables include the jail entry and exit data for the current offense and the reason for release, if released. Lastly, two-year follow-up variables include the date, type, and disposition of each subsequent arrest between January 15, 1996, and January 15, 1998.

A daily census of the inmates at the Allegheny County Jail (ACJ). Includes gender, race, age at booking, and current age. The records for each month contain a census for every day, therefore many inmates records are repeated each day. Another representation of this data is the County's jail population management dashboard.

Prison incarceration rates are measured by the number of incarcerated individuals in prison per 100,000 population aged 18-69. This Indicator is measured for Alameda County, and the most recently available data is from 2015.

Cuba is one of the Caribbean nations with the highest prison population rate as of August 2024. According to the latest data available at that time, there were *** prisoners per 100,000 inhabitants on this island, followed by the Bahamas, with *** prisoners per 100,000 population. In some Caribbean countries, over ** percent of the prison population were foreign nationals.

Abstract This is a scoping review of the literature on actions taken by countries during 2020 regarding the care for people living in the prison environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. We selected 54 publications for data mining and found data from 45 countries, which were organized into categories. Most of the literature addressed strategies adopted by countries with advanced economies. All of them mentioned some strategies to reduce viral transmission - the major ones were restricted/suspended family visits and desincarceration - and interventions to improve infrastructures in prisons, the provision of a telephone or other devices for calls or video calls being the most mentioned. Policies to mitigate the effects of the epidemic and interventions were found in publications referencing 33 countries, with the main focus on keeping family contact and reviewing the public safety policy. Concerning governance policies, measures from 11 countries were reported, and the most cited was national authority reinforcement. This study highlights the need for research on the success of each strategy and the differences among those countries.

This dataset tracks annual two or more races student percentage from 2017 to 2018 for Hernando County Jail vs. Florida and Hernando School District

Due to a hardening of penal sensibilities and more stringent sentencing practices (mainly as a result of the 2003 Criminal Justice Act), a growing number of prisoners are serving extremely long life sentences from an early age. The UK has more life-sentenced prisoners per 100,000 of population than any other country in Europe (including Russia), and a higher proportion of life sentenced prisoners within its total sentenced prison population (10%) than any other European country or the US. The average minimum sentence length for mandatory life sentences has risen significantly in recent years. By the end of December 2018, there were 3,624 prisoners serving life sentences with tariffs of 10-20 years, and 1,862 with tariffs of more than twenty years (Ministry of Justice, 2019).

These prisoners have to endure and adapt to periods inside prison that are often longer than their lives as free citizens, while maturing into adulthood in an environment that does not allow, or is hardly conducive to, normal adult experiences. Following on from an earlier study of long-term imprisonment (grant: ES/J007935/1), undertaken from 2011-2014, this research constituted an unprecedented opportunity to enhance our understanding of the dynamics and effects of long-term confinement. Its primary aims were, first, to meet Kazemian and Travis's (2015) call for longitudinal insight into the experience, dynamics and effects of long-term confinement, including the ways in which the lives, priorities and relationships of people serving life sentences change over time; second, to focus more closely on some of the key themes and findings from our original study, in particular, the ways in which individuals engage reflexively with their sentence, their index offence and their sense of self; and, third, to explore the concept of the 'depth of imprisonment' - put simply, the relationship and polarity between the prison and the outside world - that is of particular relevance for this group of prisoners.

Interviews were undertaken, and surveys re-administered, with as many of our original sample as possible. Overall, this amounted to 120 of 146 initial participants, 100 in prison (out of 110 still in custody when fieldwork began) and 20 (out of 29) who had been released into the community on life licence.

The research offers insight into the nature and impact of long-term imprisonment, at a time when practitioners, pressure groups and policymakers are particularly interested in the custodial and post-custodial experiences of this expanding group. It contributes significantly to a sparse and outdated research literature on the experiences of life-sentenced prisoners, serving extremely long sentences. In doing so, it addresses fundamental questions about identity, coping and humanity under intense duress, and about the lived outcomes of the most extreme form of state punishment.

Due to a hardening of penal sensibilities and more stringent sentencing practices (mainly as a result of the 2003 Criminal Justice Act), a growing number of prisoners are serving extremely long sentences from an early age. The UK has more life-sentenced prisoners per 100,000 of population than any other country in Europe (including Russia), and a higher proportion of life sentenced prisoners within its total sentenced prison population (10%) than any other European country or the US. The average minimum sentence length for mandatory life sentences has risen significantly in recent years. By the end of December 2018, there were 3,624 prisoners serving life sentences with tariffs of 10-20 years, and 1,862 with tariffs of more than twenty years (Ministry of Justice, 2019).

These prisoners have to endure and adapt to periods inside prison that are often longer than their lives as free citizens, while maturing into adulthood in an environment that does not allow, or is hardly conducive to, normal adult experiences. Following on from an earlier study of long-term imprisonment (grant: ES/J007935/1), undertaken from 2011-2014, this research constituted an unprecedented opportunity to very significantly enhance our understanding of the dynamics and effects of long-term confinement. Its primary aims were, first, to meet Kazemian and Travis's (2015) call for longitudinal insight into the experience, dynamics and effects of long-term confinement, including the ways in which the lives, priorities and relationships of people serving life sentences change over time; second, to focus more closely on some of the key themes and findings from our original study, in particular, the ways in which individuals engage reflexively with their sentence, their index offence and their sense of self; and, third, to explore the concept of the 'depth of imprisonment' - put simply, the relationship and polarity between the prison and the outside world - that is of particular relevance for this group of prisoners.

Interviews were undertaken, and surveys re-administered, with as many of our original sample as possible. Overall, this amounted to 120 of 146 initial participants, 100 in prison (out of 110 still in custody when fieldwork began) and 20 (out of 29) who had been released into the community on life licence.

The research offers insight into the nature and impact of long-term imprisonment, at a time when practitioners, pressure groups and policymakers are particularly interested in the custodial and post-custodial experiences of this expanding group. It contributes significantly to a sparse and outdated research literature on the experiences of life-sentenced prisoners, serving extremely long sentences. In doing so, it addresses fundamental questions about identity, coping and humanity under intense duress, and about the lived outcomes of the most extreme form of state punishment.

Historical Dataset of Hernando County Jail is provided by PublicSchoolReview and contain statistics on metrics:Total Students Trends Over Years (2012-2023),Distribution of Students By Grade Trends,Hispanic Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2012-2022),Black Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2012-2023),White Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2012-2023),Two or More Races Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2017-2018),Diversity Score Comparison Over Years (2012-2023),Free Lunch Eligibility Comparison Over Years (2014-2023),Reduced-Price Lunch Eligibility Comparison Over Years (2014-2023),Graduation Rate Comparison Over Years (2012-2020)

This dataset tracks annual two or more races student percentage from 2012 to 2022 for Pinellas County Jail vs. Florida and Pinellas School District

Jail Management Systems Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Jail Management Systems market size in 2024 is valued at USD 2.18 billion, with a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.6% anticipated from 2025 to 2033. By the end of 2033, the market is projected to reach approximately USD 4.53 billion. This sustained expansion is primarily fueled by the rising need for integrated digital solutions to manage correctional facilities efficiently and securely, as well as the increasing adoption of cloud-based platforms and advanced analytics for real-time monitoring and operational optimization.

One of the key growth factors in the Jail Management Systems market is the ongoing digital transformation across the public safety and corrections sector. Correctional facilities and law enforcement agencies are increasingly seeking to replace legacy manual systems with advanced, automated solutions that streamline operations, reduce administrative burdens, and minimize errors. The integration of software for inmate tracking, facility management, security, and reporting not only enhances operational efficiency but also improves transparency and accountability. Furthermore, the growing emphasis on data-driven decision-making is propelling the adoption of analytics modules within jail management systems, enabling authorities to gain actionable insights into inmate behavior, facility utilization, and security risks.

Another significant driver is the rising complexity of correctional facility operations, which necessitates robust and scalable management solutions. With the global prison population continuing to rise and facilities facing increasing pressure to maintain safety and compliance, there is a heightened demand for systems that can manage diverse workflows, from intake and release processes to visitation scheduling and incident reporting. Additionally, the integration of security and surveillance features within jail management systems is becoming critical, as it supports real-time monitoring, automated alerts, and rapid response to incidents, thereby ensuring the safety of both inmates and staff. The convergence of these functionalities into unified platforms is a notable trend, further accelerating market growth.

Government initiatives and regulatory mandates are also playing a pivotal role in shaping the Jail Management Systems market. Many countries are investing heavily in modernizing their correctional infrastructure, with a focus on improving security protocols, ensuring compliance with human rights standards, and enhancing rehabilitation outcomes. These investments are often accompanied by mandates for digital recordkeeping, advanced surveillance, and transparent reporting, all of which drive the adoption of jail management systems. The availability of funding and support for technology upgrades, especially in developed regions, is expected to continue bolstering market expansion over the forecast period.

From a regional perspective, North America currently dominates the Jail Management Systems market, accounting for the largest share in 2024 due to the presence of advanced correctional infrastructure, high technology adoption rates, and significant government investments in public safety. Europe follows closely, with increasing modernization efforts and regulatory support. The Asia Pacific region is rapidly emerging as a high-growth market, driven by expanding prison populations, rising security concerns, and ongoing digitalization initiatives in countries such as China, India, and Australia. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing steady growth, fueled by infrastructure development and rising awareness of the benefits of automated jail management solutions.

Component Analysis

The Component segment of the Jail Management Systems market is categorized into software, hardware, and services, each playing a critical r