The early-20th century is often considered the most destructive period in European history, with the interwar period of the 1920s and 1930s being defined by various aspects including recovery from the First World War, as well as fluctuating political and economic stability. In particular, the onset of the Great Depression in the U.S. created a ripple effect that was felt across the globe, especially in Europe. During this time, all major currencies were connected via the gold standard; however, several European countries had suspended the gold standard to print additional money during the First World War, and conditions had not re-stabilized by the onset of the Great Depression in the U.S. - the given countries would all abandon the gold standard by the outbreak of war in 1939. Germany Additionally, American investors withdrew much of their capital from Europe in the wake of the Wall Street Crash in 1929, and the U.S. government ceased all loans to Germany and demanded advanced repayments. The German economy had already collapsed in the early-1920s, and it became dependent on American loans to stabilize its economy and meet its reparation payments - this move by the American government caused a German economic collapse once more, sending the economy into a downward spiral. Regional differences For France, its industrial output dropped in the wake of the Great Depression, and it would not reach these levels again until after the Second World War. In contrast, the Soviet Union was largely shielded from the Great Depression, and its industrial output grew significantly in the build-up to WWII (albeit from a much less-developed starting point). For the other three countries listed, output would not reach pre-Depression levels until at least 1934.

This dataset provides values for INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

This statistic shows the growth of the real gross domestic product (GDP) in the leading industrial and emerging countries from the second quarter of 2022 to the second quarter of 2025. In Japan, the GDP grew by *** percent in the second quarter of 2025, compared to the previous quarter.

This dataset provides values for INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

In 2021, South Africa had the highest industrialization index in Africa, with a score of **** points. Conversely, the country with the lowest score was Gambia with **** points. The industrialization index is a measure of the level of industrial development in a country. It typically takes into account factors such as the number of factories, the amount of industrial output, and the number of people employed in industrial jobs. A higher industrialization index indicates a higher level of industrial development, and a lower index indicates a lower level of industrial development.

This dataset provides values for INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

In 2022, China led the ranking with over ****** international industrial design applications via the Hague Industrial Design System. The United States followed with slightly over ****** applications, and South Korea came third with over ****** applications.

This dataset provides values for INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

In 2023, the national intellectual property office of China had the most industrial design applications with about ******* industrial design applications from resident and non-resident companies or organizations. The European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) followed with around ******* applications.

Industrial output across the OECD fell by significant amount between the 1960s and 1970s, when annual averages are compared. Overall, the OECD saw industrial output grow by almost six percent in each year between 1960 and 1970, whereas this growth fell to just 3.5 percent per year between 1971 and 1978. The largest individual decline of the major economies was observed in Japan, who saw a difference of nine percent between the two periods. The largest proportional decline of the given countries, however, was observed in Switzerland, where annual industrial output between 1971 and 1978 was less than one tenth of the rate in the previous period. The primary reason for this decline was due to the 1973-1975 recession that resulted from the oil embargo of 1973, which highlighted the developed world's increasing dependency on foreign oil imports. This recession also marked the end of the post-war economic boom, but saw the transition of economies such as Japan, West Germany, and wider European Economic Community in general (i.e. the predecessor to the EU) into global economic powers.

Statistics illustrates most promising supplying countries of industrial mold in the United States from 2013 to 2024.

Many may questions what the economy might have to do with the global poverty issue. I personally believe the economy is one of the main contributors to global poverty and inequalities. Supply and demand drives the economy, and in North America, our society is very materialistic. Although the economy does not revolve around just what we buy, it also consists of things such as oil, and other unsustainable resources that are widely used due to their accessibility. The GDP would be significantly less without trade to other countries. While this involves one global power house, in this case America, other countries are stuck in a position of fending on their own and struggle to compete. America takes advantage of this, especially the big companies that are American. A basic example of this would be Apple designing their phones in California, assembling them in China and the importing them all over the world. It is even deeper than that, because the materials from this phone are coming from developed countries for the most part. The company Apple, has a larger GDP than most countries. This shows how much is invested into our own goods but the people who build these products in developed countries are left with nothing. It shows how greed is the major reasons why global poverty has not ended yet, we extract and then move on.

Series Name: Average tariff applied by developed countries most-favored nation status by type of product (percent)Series Code: TM_TAX_DMFNRelease Version: 2021.Q2.G.03 This dataset is part of the Global SDG Indicator Database compiled through the UN System in preparation for the Secretary-General's annual report on Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.Indicator 17.12.1: Weighted average tariffs faced by developing countries, least developed countries and small island developing StatesTarget 17.12: Realize timely implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access on a lasting basis for all least developed countries, consistent with World Trade Organization decisions, including by ensuring that preferential rules of origin applicable to imports from least developed countries are transparent and simple, and contribute to facilitating market accessGoal 17: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable DevelopmentFor more information on the compilation methodology of this dataset, see https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/

Explore the World Competitiveness Ranking dataset for 2016, including key indicators such as GDP per capita, fixed telephone tariffs, and pension funding. Discover insights on social cohesion, scientific research, and digital transformation in various countries.

Social cohesion, The image abroad of your country encourages business development, Scientific articles published by origin of author, International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database, Data reproduced with the kind permission of ITU, National sources, Fixed telephone tariffs, GDP (PPP) per capita, Overall, Exports of goods - growth, Pension funding is adequately addressed for the future, Companies are very good at using big data and analytics to support decision-making, Gross fixed capital formation - real growth, Economic Performance, Scientific research legislation, Percentage of GDP, Health infrastructure meets the needs of society, Estimates based on preliminary data for the most recent year., Singapore: including re-exports., Value, Laws relating to scientific research do encourage innovation, % of GDP, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Health Infrastructure, Digital transformation in companies is generally well understood, Industrial disputes, EE, Female / male ratio, State ownership of enterprises, Total expenditure on R&D (%), Score, Colombia, Estimates for the most recent year., Percentage change, based on US$ values, Number of listed domestic companies, Tax evasion is not a threat to your economy, Scientific articles, Tax evasion, % change, Use of big data and analytics, National sources, Disposable Income, Equal opportunity, Listed domestic companies, Government budget surplus/deficit (%), Pension funding, US$ per capita at purchasing power parity, Estimates; US$ per capita at purchasing power parity, Image abroad or branding, Equal opportunity legislation in your economy encourages economic development, Number, Article counts are from a selection of journals, books, and conference proceedings in S&E from Scopus. Articles are classified by their year of publication and are assigned to a region/country/economy on the basis of the institutional address(es) listed in the article. Articles are credited on a fractional-count basis. The sum of the countries/economies may not add to the world total because of rounding. Some publications have incomplete address information for coauthored publications in the Scopus database. The unassigned category count is the sum of fractional counts for publications that cannot be assigned to a country or economy. Hong Kong: research output items by the higher education institutions funded by the University Grants Committee only., State ownership of enterprises is not a threat to business activities, Protectionism does not impair the conduct of your business, Digital transformation in companies, Total final energy consumption per capita, Social cohesion is high, Rank, MTOE per capita, Percentage change, based on constant prices, US$ billions, National sources, World Trade Organization Statistics database, Rank, Score, Value, World Rankings

Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Venezuela

Follow data.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research.

• Attention and interest on international issues related to different countries.
• Most important objectives for Spain in international politics.
• Image of the Ibero-American countries in Spain and for the interviewee.
• Spain's relations with Latin America in economic, political, cultural, scientific/technical and sporting aspects.
• Most important objectives for Spain in international policy with Latin America.
• Similarities, common interests and union in the future between Spain and Latin American or European countries.
• Knowledge of the annual celebration of the Ibero-American Summit.
• Importance of the Ibero-American Summit for the countries of Latin America and for Spain.
• Agreement with various statements on the Ibero-American Summits: They strengthen political and economic ties, poor practical results, boost cooperation, and recent summits have lost relevance.
• Main problems that currently exist in the world. Opinion on the cooperation of Spain to the development of other peoples and the role of the State in international aid and cooperation.
• Countries to which Spanish development cooperation is directed and to which it should be directed.
• Evaluation of the resources that Spain dedicates to international cooperation for development and knowledge of the reduction of funds in recent years due to the crisis. Knowledge of the objective of industrialized countries to devote 0.7% of their GDP to help less developed countries. Opinion on whether Spain should dedicate 0.7% of its GDP. Knowledge of the percentage of Spanish GDP that is dedicated to helping less developed countries.
• Important aspects in development cooperation: human rights, health, indigenous peoples, poverty,... Knowledge of the United Nations Millennium Goals. Likelihood of achieving the various Goals. Knowledge of the resources that your Autonomous Community or City Council dedicates to cooperation with developing countries. Opinion on whether they should devote part of their resources.
• Agreement on the form of financing of NGOs.
• Most important task to be performed by NGDOs. Composition of NGOs to make their work effective.
• Participation in the interviewee's development cooperation.
• Box marked for allocation in the Income Statement.
• Influence on relations between Spain and Latin America of Latin American immigrants.
• Main cause of the immigration that Spain receives. Changes in the image of Latin America due to the presence of Latin American immigrants and the degree of agreement with a series of opinions about them.
• Beneficiary of the work done by immigrants from less developed countries.
• Agreement that there would be fewer immigrants if cooperation between countries were greater.
• Effect of the economic situation on immigrant and Spanish workers.
• Opinions on Spanish immigration policy and changes that should be introduced.
• Knowledge of Spanish companies with interests in Latin America. Investment.
• Effect of the performance of Spanish companies investing in Latin America has on the image of Spain.
• Equal performance of Spanish companies in Spain and Latin America.
• The Spanish Government should encourage greater involvement of Spanish companies abroad.
• Opinion on the action of Spanish companies in Latin America Larina in environmental and social matters
• Effect of the performance of Spanish companies investing in Latin America has on relations between Spain and these countries.
• Opinion on who benefits from the presence of Spanish companies in Latin America.
• Ideological self-location scale (1-10).
• Electoral participation in the 2008 general elections.
• Religious practice.

Statistics illustrates most promising supplying countries of industrial robots for multiple uses in Colombia from 2007 to 2024.

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Understanding Global Work Patterns: A Deep Dive into Working Hours Across Countries and Over Time

Introduction

Work, an integral part of human life, has undergone significant transformations over the past century and a half. The amount of time individuals dedicate to work has shifted, reflecting changes in societal norms, economic structures, and technological advancements. This exploration delves into the intricate dynamics of working hours worldwide, shedding light on disparities across countries and within societies. By examining historical trends and contemporary data, we gain insights into the evolving nature of work and its profound impact on individuals' lives.

Historical Context

The Industrial Revolution marked a pivotal moment in human history, fundamentally altering the nature of work. With the mechanization of industries, the concept of the traditional workday emerged, characterized by long hours and minimal breaks. Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, workers endured grueling schedules, often exceeding 12 hours per day, six days a week. This relentless pursuit of productivity came at the expense of worker well-being and family life, prompting calls for labor reforms.

Labor Movements and Reform

The rise of labor movements in the late 19th and early 20th centuries sparked a wave of social change, advocating for shorter workdays and improved working conditions. The landmark achievements, such as the eight-hour workday and weekends off, marked significant milestones in the fight for workers' rights. Countries worldwide implemented labor laws to regulate working hours, aiming to strike a balance between economic productivity and human welfare. These reforms laid the foundation for the modern workweek and paved the way for further advancements in labor standards.

Contemporary Work Patterns

In the 21st century, the landscape of work continues to evolve, shaped by globalization, technological innovation, and shifting societal values. While many industrialized nations have embraced shorter workweeks and increased leisure time, disparities persist on a global scale. Developed countries typically exhibit lower average working hours, accompanied by robust social welfare systems and flexible labor policies. In contrast, developing economies often grapple with longer work hours, driven by economic necessity and informal employment practices.

Regional Disparities

Regional variations in working hours highlight the complex interplay of cultural, economic, and political factors. In Europe, countries like France and Germany have embraced a culture of work-life balance, with statutory limits on working hours and generous vacation entitlements. Scandinavian nations, renowned for their progressive social policies, prioritize employee well-being through initiatives such as flexible work arrangements and parental leave. In contrast, regions like Asia and the Middle East experience longer work hours, influenced by cultural norms emphasizing diligence and dedication.

Gender Dynamics

Gender disparities in working hours remain a persistent challenge, reflecting entrenched inequalities in the workplace. Women often shoulder disproportionate caregiving responsibilities, leading to reduced participation in the labor force and truncated career trajectories. The gender pay gap further exacerbates these disparities, perpetuating a cycle of economic disadvantage for women. Addressing gender inequities in working hours requires multifaceted interventions, including affordable childcare, parental leave policies, and workplace diversity initiatives.

The Gig Economy and Flexible Work The rise of the gig economy and remote work arrangements has reshaped traditional notions of employment and working hours. Freelancers and independent contractors enjoy greater flexibility in scheduling, blurring the boundaries between work and personal life. Digital platforms have facilitated the emergence of remote work opportunities, enabling individuals to customize their work hours and locations. However, concerns persist regarding job security, benefits coverage, and the erosion of traditional labor protections in the gig economy.

Impact on Well-being

The relationship between working hours and well-being is complex, influenced by factors such as job satisfaction, socioeconomic status, and work-life balance. While longer work hours may boost productivity in the short term, they can lead to burnout, stress, and diminished quality of life over time. Conversely, shorter workweeks and increased leisure time have been linked to improved mental health, greater h...

Background and Aims: As inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) becomes more prevalent, the challenges that gastroenterologists face in managing these patients evolve. We aimed to describe the most important challenges facing gastroenterologists from around the world and compare these between those working in developed and developing countries. Methods: An online questionnaire was developed, and a link distributed to gastroenterologists. Data were analyzed descriptively using Friedman and Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank tests to compare rankings for responses. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare rankings between responses from gastroenterologists from developed and developing countries. Lower scores reflected greater challenges. Results: Of 872 who started, 397 gastroenterologists (45.5%) completed the survey. Respondents represented 65 countries (226 [56.9%] from developed countries). Overall, the challenge ranked most important (smallest number) was increasing IBD prevalence (13.6%). There were significant differences in mean ranking scores for many simple aspects of care for those from developing countries compared to providers from developed countries, such as access to simple IBD treatments (5.52 vs. 6.02, p = 0.01), access to anti-TNF drugs including dose escalation (3.33 vs. 3.93, p < 0.01), access to good stoma care (2.57 vs. 3.03, p < 0.001), access to therapeutic drug monitoring (1.47 vs. 1.84, p < 0.001), and access to care for people from low socioeconomic status (2.77 vs. 3.37, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Increasing IBD prevalence is seen by gastroenterologists as the greatest challenge facing them. There are significant differences between the IBD challenges facing gastroenterologists from developed and developing countries that reflect inequities in access to health care.

Statistics illustrates most promising supplying countries of industrial brewery machinery in Croatia from 2007 to 2024.

According to Cognitive Market Research, The Global Industrial Shredder Machine market size is USD 1.2 billion in 2023 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.20% from 2023 to 2030.

The industrial shredder market is predicted to expand steadily in the next few years. Growing sales of electric cars and increased manufacture of light vehicles are factors driving the worldwide industrial shredder market
Demand for the horizontal hammer mills segment remains higher in the Industrial Shredder Machine Market by type.
The forestry category held the highest application of Industrial Shredder Machine Market share in 2023.
In 2023, The Asia Pacific region witnessed rapid industrialization, with countries like China, India, and Southeast Asian nations becoming major manufacturing hubs. 

Rising Urbanization and Industrialization in Developing Nations Are Major Drivers

Demand for crusher and shredder equipment is being driven by rising urbanization and industrialization in nations such as China, India, and Japan. Furthermore, growing countries in South America, Asia Pacific, and Africa will contribute to the market for crusher and shredder equipment. Moreover, the crusher and shredder aid in the recovery of metals and other minerals from slag waste, increasing demand for these devices.

For instance, according to research, 64% of poor nations would be urban, whereas 86% of industrialized countries will be. Urbanization is more likely in Africa and Asia (including India). In India, industry and urbanization are inextricably intertwined since more industrialization creates more job possibilities. These prospects entice rural residents, particularly younger generations.

(Source:unacademy.com/content/upsc/study-material/sociology/industrialisation-and-urbanisation-in-india/)

Government Legislation to Improve the Market for Crusher and Shredder Machines

Several governments are seeking to introduce new laws that will assist in increasing the crusher and shredder machine business. The shredding operations often do not generate garbage, which is an extra benefit of this equipment. Furthermore, governments are launching projects to recycle building and demolition debris for economic and environmental reasons. These devices aid in trash reduction, increasing demand for crusher and shredder equipment.

For instance, Wendt Corp., based in Buffalo, New York, has formed a joint venture with Proman Infrastructure Services Pvt. Ltd., based in Bangalore, India, to establish Wendt Proman Metal Recycling Pvt. Ltd. to serve customers in India. Proman is a heavy industrial equipment solutions provider with a focus on crushing, screening, and material handling.

(Source:www.recyclingtoday.com/news/wendt-proman-form-joint-venture-india/)

Market Dynamics of Industrial Shredder Machine

High Maintenance to Hinder Market Growth

One of the most significant issues with shredder machines is that they require a high level of maintenance and repair because they are necessary equipment in a variety of sectors. Even the best-built shredders require a lot of upkeep and hours of downtime for repairs or maintenance. The period of rest helps assess the practicality of utilizing that certain shredder and how frequently it will require additional repair or maintenance.

Impact of COVID-19 on the Industrial Shredder Machine Market

During the pandemic, several governments imposed harsh lockdowns and travel restrictions to prevent the virus from spreading. Supply networks, industrial processes, and the transit of commodities, especially agricultural machinery like shredders, were all interrupted as a result of these steps. Manufacturing facilities experienced issues such as labor shortages, disruptions in raw material delivery, and logistical bottlenecks. As a result, numerous industrial shredder machine manufacturers had to halt production or close temporarily. Introduction of Industrial Shredder Machine Market

The growth in awareness of novel farming practices is one of the major reasons driving the development of the industrial shredder machine market. Furthermore, the use of this equipment saves time and aids in tough labor, allowing it to be used for a variety of jobs. Again, prominent businesses such as Deere & Company are focusing on producing superior hardware that may be utilized to boost efficiency to new heights. I...