Texas is by far the largest oil-producing state in the United States. In 2024, Texas produced a total of over two billion barrels. In a distant second place is New Mexico, which produced 744.6 million barrels in the same year. Virginia is the smallest producing state in the country, at three thousand barrels. Macro perspective of U.S. oil production The U.S. oil production totaled some 19.4 million barrels of oil per day, or a total annual oil production of 827 million metric tons in 2023. As the largest oil producer in the U.S., it is not surprising that Texas is home to the most productive U.S. oil basin, the Permian. The Permian has routinely accounted for at least 50 percent of total onshore production. Regional distribution of U.S. oil production A total of 32 of the 50 U.S. states produce oil. There are five regional divisions for oil production in the U.S., known as the Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADD). These five regional divisions of the allocation of fuels derived from petroleum products were established in the U.S. during the Second World War and they are still used today for data collection purposes. In line with the fact that Texas is by far the largest U.S. oil producing state, PADD 3 (Gulf Coast) is also the largest oil producing PADD, as it also includes the federal offshore region in the Gulf of Mexico. There are around 590 operational oil and gas rigs in the country as of February 2025.

Texas houses far more proved crude oil reserves than any other U.S. state. As of 2022, there was over 20.3 billion barrels of crude oil reserves in Texas; the largest sources being the Eagle Ford and Permian basin. Alaska is the fourth-most oil rich U.S. state, with more federal land having been made available for oil drilling by the outgoing U.S. government in 2022. Alaska's proved reserves amount to almost 3.4 billion barrels.

Texas is by far the leading producing state of crude oil in the United States, with production amounting to roughly 5.5 million barrels per day. Following, New Mexico produced a third of the amount produced in the Lone Star state.

In 2023, global crude oil production amounted to approximately 4.5 billion metric tons. This was the largest amount that had ever been produced and nearly one billion metric tons more than oil produced in 1998. Which countries extract the most oil? The United States is the largest oil producing country in the world. Profiting off advances in horizontal drilling and shale extraction, the U.S. has succeeded OPEC-affiliated countries, such as Saudi Arabia, in becoming the world's greatest supplier of crude oil. Oil production in the United States The U.S. has been producing oil since the 1850s. U.S. oil production initially decreased until 2008, but has been steadily increasing since. Texas is by far the U.S. state that produces the most crude oil. It is home to the Permian Basin and Eagle Ford shale play, two of the most important petroleum-rich locations in the country. The U.S. also operates numerous rigs located offshore in the Gulf of Mexico, which contribute significantly to overall oil and gas production.

A cells polygon feature class was created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to illustrate the degree of exploration, type of production, and distribution of production in the United States. Each cell represents a square mile of the land surface, and the cells are coded to represent whether the wells included within the cell are predominantly oil-producing, gas-producing, both oil and gas-producing, or the type of production of the wells located within the cell is unknown or dry. The well information was initially retrieved from IHS Inc.'s PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data on CD-ROM, which is a proprietary, commercial database containing information for most oil and gas wells in the U.S. Cells were developed as a graphic solution to overcome the problem of displaying proprietary well data. No proprietary data are displayed or included in the cell maps. The data are current through 10/1/2005.

A cells polygon feature class was created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to illustrate the degree of exploration, type of production, and distribution of production in the United States. Each cell represents a quarter-mile square of the land surface, and the cells are coded to represent whether the wells included within the cell are predominantly oil-producing, gas-producing, both oil and gas-producing, or the type of production of the wells located within the cell is unknown or dry. The well information was initially retrieved from IHS Inc.'s PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data on CD-ROM, which is a proprietary, commercial database containing information for most oil and gas wells in the U.S. Cells were developed as a graphic solution to overcome the problem of displaying proprietary well data. No proprietary data are displayed or included in the cell maps. The data are current through 10/1/2005.

Texas is the leading U.S. state in natural gas energy production. In 2024, the oil and gas rich state generated nearly 290.3 terawatt hours of electricity from gas turbines. Florida followed, with 203.7 terawatt hours of natural gas energy produced. Texas is also the U.S. state that consumes the most natural gas energy.

This map shows the oil and natural gas wells across the United States. Oil and Natural Gas Well: A hole drilled in the earth for the purpose of finding or producing crude oil or natural gas; or producing services related to the production of crude or natural gas. Geographic coverage includes the United States (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming) as well Oil and Natural Gas wells in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia and Manitoba that are within 100 miles of the country's border with the United States. According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) the following states do not have active/producing Oil or Natural Gas Wells: Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Hawaii, Iowa, Idaho, Massachusetts, Maine, Minnesota, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, and Wisconsin. Some states do have wells for underground Natural Gas storage facilities where these have been identified they were included. This layer is derived from well data from individual states and provinces and United States Agencies. This layer is complete for the United States but further development of data missing from two Canadian provinces and Mexico is in process. This update release includes an additional 497,036 wells covering Texas. Oil and gas exploration in Texas takes advantage of drilling technology to use a single surface well drilling location to drill multiple bottom hole well connections to extract oil and gas. The addition of Well data from Texas results in the addition of a related table to support this one surface well to many bottom hole connections. This related table provides records for Wells that have more than one bottom hole linked to the surface well. Sourced from the HIFLD Open Data Portal for Energy.

The Permian basin is by far the most productive oil basin in the United States. Monthly production in the Permian peaked at nearly six million barrels per day in July 2023. This basin is also known as West Texas Basin, located in western Texas and southeastern New Mexico. Total daily production output in the U.S. climbed to over eight million barrels by late 2021.

In 2023, the majority of oil worldwide was produced in the Middle East, which accounted for around **** percent of the global output that year. Home to large hydrocarbon reserves, many of the world’s largest petrostates are located here. North America was the second largest oil producer, followed by the Commonwealth of Independent States. Global crude oil production In 2022, global oil production stood at almost ** million barrels per day. Amongst the various crude oil producing countries in the world, the United States came in first, accounting for nearly ** percent of global oil production in 2022. In comparison, Algeria was in the last position, accounting for only *** percent of the global oil production. Global oil companies Saudi Aramco, the state-owned petroleum and natural gas company in Saudi Arabia, is one of the top oil companies in terms of daily crude oil production, with a daily production volume of nearly **** million barrels per day. In contrast, Sinopec, a Chinese oil company, which largely focuses on refining, reported a daily production of ******* barrels. Due in part to its position as refining leader, Sinopec claimed the highest revenue among global oil and gas companies, reaching nearly *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023.

Petroleum refiners have experienced volatile conditions in recent years since crude oil is the primary input cost for refiners in the United States. Crude oil is a highly volatile commodity as a result of its sensitivity to microeconomic and macroeconomic factors, including volatile production, demand and the health of global economies. As petroleum refiners pass these prices to customers, industry returns see similar volatility. With an uptick in crude oil prices through 2025, industry revenue has pushed up at a CAGR of 16.5% to an estimated $821.8 billion, including a 3.3% dip in 2025 alone. The period started slow, as the pandemic weakened global productivity, cutting down the need for petroleum-based products like fuel. As the economy recovered, so did prices, allowing refineries to exhibit double-digit growth in 2021 and 2022. As prices came down, revenue eventually fell slightly. Nonetheless, these volatile conditions caused some companies to exit the industry. High barriers also discouraged new entrants, so most of the period was marked by expanding existing facilities rather than building new ones. This results in a high concentration of refineries, predominantly located along the Gulf Coast in Texas, Louisiana and California. Unlike standalone refiners, large integrated companies manage crude oil reserves to mitigate price volatility, maintaining stable profitability despite oil price fluctuations. Petroleum refiners face long-term challenges from the transition to green energy, driven by more investment in renewables and electric vehicle infrastructure from the Inflation Reduction Act. As the need for motor gasoline falls with the rise of electric cars, refineries may shift towards carbon capture technologies and chemical production to remain viable. While many refineries have closed recently, some may convert to renewable fuel facilities, as seen in Marathon's partnership with Nestle. Despite these challenges, the US remains a global leader in oil production, so refineries will still exhibit slight growth moving forward. Overall, revenue is set to push up at a CAGR of 0.5% through 2030, reaching $844.0 billion in 2030.

This feature class/shapefile represents Oil and Natural Gas Wells. An Oil and Natural Gas Well is a hole drilled in the earth for the purpose of finding or producing crude oil or natural gas; or producing services related to the production of crude or natural gas. Geographic coverage includes the United States (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming) as well Oil and Natural Gas wells in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia and Manitoba that are within 100 miles of the country's border with the United States. According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) the following states do not have active/producing Oil or Natural Gas Wells: Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Hawaii, Iowa, Idaho, Massachusetts, Maine, Minnesota, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, and Wisconsin. Some states do have wells for underground Natural Gas storage facilities where these have been identified they were included. This layer is derived from well data from individual states and provinces and United States Agencies. This layer is complete for the United States but further development of data missing from two Canadian provinces and Mexico is in process. This update release includes an additional 497,036 wells covering Texas. Oil and gas exploration in Texas takes advantage of drilling technology to use a single surface well drilling location to drill multiple bottom hole well connections to extract oil and gas. The addition of Well data from Texas results in the addition of a related table to support this one surface well to many bottom hole connections. This related table provides records for Wells that have more than one bottom hole linked to the surface well.

Cell maps for each oil and gas assessment unit were created by the USGS to illustrate the degree of exploration, type of production, and distribution of production in an assessment unit or province. Each cell represents a quarter-mile square of the land surface, and the cells were then coded to indicate whether the wells included within the cell are predominantly oil-producing, gas-producing, are both oil- and gas-producing , or are dry or the type of production is unknown.. The well information was initially retrieved from the IHS Energy Group, PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data on CD-ROM, which is a proprietary, commercial database containing information for most oil and gas wells in the U.S. Cells were developed as a graphic solution to overcome the problem of displaying proprietary PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data. No proprietary data are displayed or included in the cell maps. The data from PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data were current as of 2005 when the cell maps were created in 2007.

This map service displays present and past oil and gas production in the United States, as well as the location and intensity of exploratory drilling outside producing areas.

To construct this map, digital data were used from more than 3 million wells in IHS Inc.'s PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data on CD-ROM, current through 10/1/2005. In some areas, the PI/Dwights data tend not to be complete, particularly for pre-1920 production. IHS data was supplemented with state wells databases for Indiana, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Illinois, and Ohio, (current as of 2004 to 2006).

Because of the proprietary nature of many of these databases, the area of the United States was divided into cells one quarter-mile square and the production information of each well is aggregated in each cell. No proprietary data are displayed or included in the cell maps. The cells are coded to represent whether the wells included within the cell are predominantly oil-producing, gas-producing, both oil and gas-producing, or the type of production of the wells located within the cell is unknown or dry. The cell attributes also contain the latitude and longitude values of the center-cell coordinates.

This map service displays present and past oil and gas production in the United States, as well as the location and intensity of exploratory drilling outside producing areas. To construct this map, digital data were used from more than 3 million wells in IHS Inc.'s PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data on CD-ROM, current through 10/1/2005. In some areas, the PI/Dwights data tend not to be complete, particularly for pre-1920 production. IHS data was supplemented with state wells databases for Indiana, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Illinois, and Ohio, (current as of 2004 to 2006). Because of the proprietary nature of many of these databases, the area of the United States was divided into cells one quarter-mile square and the production information of each well is aggregated in each cell. No proprietary data are displayed or included in the cell maps. The cells are coded to represent whether the wells included within the cell are predominantly oil-producing, gas-producing, both oil and gas-producing, or the type of production of the wells located within the cell is unknown or dry. The cell attributes also contain the latitude and longitude values of the center-cell coordinates.

Cell maps for each oil and gas assessment unit were created by the USGS to illustrate the degree of exploration, type of production, and distribution of production in an assessment unit or province. Each cell represents a quarter-mile square of the land surface, and the cells are coded to represent whether the wells included within the cell are predominantly oil-producing, gas-producing, both oil and gas-producing, dry, or the type of production of the wells located within the cell is unknown. The well information was initially retrieved from the IHS Energy Group, PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data on CD-ROM, which is a proprietary, commercial database containing information for most oil and gas wells in the U.S. Cells were developed as a graphic solution to overcome the problem of displaying proprietary PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data. No proprietary data are displayed or included in the cell maps. The data from PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data are current as of 2003.

This review of organic-rich shale deposits was conducted to estimate the energy and oil potential of these resources. The shale oil resources of the known deposits and their possible extensions are estimated in grade categories of units that yield more than 25 gallons per ton and units that yield 10--25 gallons per ton. Oil-shale and other organic-rich shale deposits are widely distributed in unmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks ranging from Cambrian to Tertiary. The major world deposits were formed in large marine embayments or basins and in large lake basins. Estimated world production from about 1850 to 1961 totaled about 400 million barrels. The deposits in U.S. are estimated to contain 72 trillion tons of organic matter. An inventory of known oil-shale resources of the United States includes 80 billion barrels of oil equivalent in parts of higher grade accessible recoverable deposits. About 2.1 trillion barrels of oil equivalent are in known lower grade or less accessible oil-shale deposits. Organic-rich shale deposits of the world land areas contain 900 trillion tons of organic matter, which has an energy potential of about 24,000 Q on more than 2 quadrillion barrels of oil. An inventory of the known world shale oil resources includes 190 billion barrels oil equivalent (recoverable) and more than 3.1 trillion barrels in place in marginal and submarginal oil-shale deposits. Possible extensions of known oil-shale deposits contain 10.6 trillion barrels oil equivalent; undiscovered and unappraised organic-rich shale deposits that can be made to yield oil in amounts greater than 10 gallons per ton, contain 325 trillion barrels oil equivalent.

In 2023, oil production in the United States reached 19.4 million barrels per day, the highest value within the period of consideration. The United States currently produces more oil than any other country in the world. Why has U.S. oil production increased? As U.S. oil production has more than doubled since the 2008 recession, imports of crude oil to the United States have decreased. An upsurge in foreign oil prices during the financial crisis, particularly from OPEC countries located mainly in the Middle East, motivated the U.S. energy industry to find ways to increase production domestically. Developments in extraction technology During the recession, investors took advantage of low-interest rates to develop costly oil extraction processes such as hydraulic fracturing. Also known as “fracking,” this extraction method made it possible to access shale oil deep underground that was once out of reach. Texas and New Mexico are major sites of shale reserves and have thus become the two largest oil-producing states in the country.

Cell maps for each oil and gas assessment unit were created by the USGS as a method for illustrating the degree of exploration, type of production, and distribution of production in an assessment unit or province. Each cell represents a quarter-mile square of the land surface, and the cells are coded to represent whether the wells included within the cell are predominantly oil-producing, gas-producing, both oil and gas-producing, dry, or the type of production of the wells located within the cell is unknown. The well information was initially retrieved from the IHS Energy Group, PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data on CD-ROM, which is a proprietary, commercial database containing information for most oil and gas wells in the U.S. Cells were developed as a graphic solution to overcome the problem of displaying proprietary PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data. No proprietary data are displayed or included in the cell maps. The data from PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data are current as of April 2001.

Cell maps for each oil and gas assessment unit were created by the USGS as a method for illustrating the degree of exploration, type of production, and distribution of production in an assessment unit or province. Each cell represents a quarter-mile square of the land surface, and the cells are coded to represent whether the wells included within the cell are predominantly oil-producing, gas-producing, both oil and gas-producing, dry, or the type of production of the wells located within the cell is unknown. The well information was initially retrieved from the IHS Energy Group, PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data on CD-ROM, which is a proprietary, commercial database containing information for most oil and gas wells in the U.S. Cells were developed as a graphic solution to overcome the problem of displaying proprietary PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data. No proprietary data are displayed or included in the cell maps. The data from PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data were current as of October 2001 when the cell maps were created in 2002.