Delhi was the largest city in terms of number of inhabitants in India in 2023.The capital city was estimated to house nearly 33 million people, with Mumbai ranking second that year. India's population estimate was 1.4 billion, ahead of China that same year.

In 2022, the population density in India remained nearly unchanged at around 479.43 inhabitants per square kilometer. Still, the population density reached its highest value in the observed period in 2022. Population density refers to the number of people living in a certain country or area, given as an average per square kilometer. It is calculated by dividing the total midyear population by the total land area.Find more key insights for the population density in countries like Sri Lanka and Pakistan.

Rural population (% of total population) in India was reported at 63.64 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. India - Rural population - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Delhi had the highest tele-density across India at nearly 270 percent as of November 2021. This meant 270 telephone connections existed for every 100 inhabitants in the capital city. Kolkata followed with about 148 percent that same year. Among its states, Himachal Pradesh had the highest tele-density that year. The Indian telecom network was the second largest in the world based on the number of telephone connections.

Census: Population: City: Mumbai data was reported at 12,442.373 Person th in 03-01-2011. This records a decrease from the previous number of 16,368.000 Person th for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: City: Mumbai data is updated decadal, averaging 12,596.000 Person th from Mar 1991 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16,368.000 Person th in 03-01-2001 and a record low of 12,442.373 Person th in 03-01-2011. Census: Population: City: Mumbai data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAB004: Census: Population: by Selected Cities.

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Mumbai, India metro area from 1950 to 2025.

Urban population (% of total population) in India was reported at 36.36 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. India - Urban population (% of total) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

In 2022, the majority of Indian adults had a wealth of 10,000 U.S. dollars or less. On the other hand, about *** percent were worth more than *********** dollars that year. India The Republic of India is one of the world’s largest and most economically powerful states. India gained independence from Great Britain on August 15, 1947, after having been under their power for 200 years. With a population of about *** billion people, it was the second most populous country in the world. Of that *** billion, about **** million lived in New Delhi, the capital. Wealth inequality India suffers from extreme income inequality. It is estimated that the top 10 percent of the population holds ** percent of the national wealth. Billionaire fortune has increase sporadically in the last years whereas minimum wages have remain stunted.

Abstract

National Statistical Office (NSO) of India will be conducting 2nd round of Annual Survey on Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) during April 2021 – March 2022.

This survey will be devoted exclusively to economic and operational characteristics of unincorporated non-agricultural establishments in manufacturing, trade and other services sector. The unit of enquiry of the ASUSE will be an 'establishment'.

Unincorporated sector is an integral part of Indian econ my, which not only comprises of large number of establishments but also generates large number ofemployment in this sector. Besides, its contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country is also significant. Unincorporated sector has tremendous potential to grow higher.

The coverage of Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) (April 2021 – March 2022) will be unincorporated non-agricultural establishments belonging to three sectors viz., Manufacturing, Trade and Other Services.

(i) The survey will cover the following broad categories: (a) Manufacturing establishments excluding those registered under Sections 2m(i) and2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948 (b) Manufacturing establishments registered under Section 85 of Factories Act, 1948 (c) Establishments engaged in cotton ginning, cleaning and bailing (code 01632 of NIC-2008) excluding those registered under Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act,1948 (d) Establishments manufacturing Bidi and Cigar excluding those registered under bidi and cigar workers (conditions of employment) Act, 1966 (e) Non-captive electric power generation, transmission and distribution by units not registered with the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) (f) Trading establishments (g) Other Service sector establishments

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the rural and urban areas of whole of India (except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which are difficult to access). The definitions of urban and rural areas as per census 2011 are given below:

Urban: Constituents of urban area are Statutory Towns, Census Towns and Outgrowths.

Statutory Town (ST): All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified towns area committee, etc.

Census Town (CT): Places that satisfy the following criteria are termed as Census Towns (CTs). a. A minimum population of 5000 b. At least 75% of the male main working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits c. A density of population of at least 400 per sq.km.

Out Growth (OG): Out Growth should be a viable unit such as a village or part of a village contiguous to a statutory town and possess the urban features in terms of infrastructure and amenities such as pucca roads, electricity, taps, drainage system, education institutions, post offices, medical facilities, banks, etc. Examples of OGs are Railway colonies, University campuses, Port areas, that may come up near a CT or statutory towns outside its statutory limits but within the revenue limit of a village or villages contiguous to the town or city.

Urban Agglomeration (UA): It is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths (OGs) or two or more physically contiguous towns together and any adjoining urban out-growth of such towns. Rural: All area other than urban are rural. The basic unit for rural area is the revenue village.

Sampling procedure

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage sampling design will be adopted for ASUSE.

Rural sector: The first stage units (FSU) will be the census villages in the rural sector. For rural part of Kerala, Panchayat wards (PW) will be taken as FSUs.

Urban sector: The First Stage Units (FSU) will be the latest updated UFS (Urban Frame Survey) blocks.

The Ultimate Stage Units (USU) will be establishments for both the sectors. In the case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling will be the selection of three hamlet-groups (HGs)/sub-blocks (SBs) from each of the large FSUs.

Sampling frame to be used for selection of FSUs

Census 2011 list of villages will be used as the sampling frame for rural areas. Auxiliary information such as number of workers, etc. available from Sixth Economic Census (EC) frame will be used for stratification, sub-stratification and selection of FSUs, for rural areas (except Kerala). In rural areas of Kerala, list of Panchayat Wards (PW) as per Census 2011 will be used as sampling frame. For all urban areas, the latest updated list of UFS blocks will be the sampling frame.

Stratification of FSUs:

Rural sector: Each NSS State region will constitute a rural stratum.

Urban sector: In urban areas, strata will be formed within each NSS State region on the basis of population of towns as per Census 2011. The tentative stratum numbers and their composition (within each NSS State region) will be as follows:

stratum 1 : all towns with population less than 50,000 stratum 2 : all towns with population 50,000 or more but less than 3 lakhs stratum 3 : all towns with population 3 lakhs or more but less than 10 lakhs stratum 4, 5, 6, ... : each city with population 10 lakhs or more

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

The market size was valued at US$9.70 billion in 2021 and will be US$15.28 billion by 2030 with a CAGR of 6.2% during the forecast period. Factors Affecting Medical Waste Management Market Growth

Increasing amount of medical waste

Increasing medical waste is anticipated for the growth of the medical waste market. Most of the hospital waste is due to the geriatric population. Chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension etc which usually occur in the geriatric population. This driver is expected to increase the growth of the medical waste management market.

Strict policies of government to handle the medical waste management 

The demand for effective waste management and services has expanded along with the volume of medical waste output that is rapidly rising globally. Many governments have also given local governing bodies money and help in order to establish stringent rules for the proper handling of medical waste. For instance, Chandigarh, an Indian city, won the rankings for managing biomedical waste in its city in 2016, according to news that was reported in The Times of India on January 21, 2021. This was made possible by the efforts of the local government, who strictly adhered to the guidelines established for the disposal of medical waste. Future waste management market growth is anticipated to be fuelled by these factors.

The Restraining Factor of Medical Waste Management:

Lack of knowledge and high cost of medical waste management

The growth of the medical devices market share is expected to be somewhat hampered in the coming years by several factors such as lack of knowledge about the detrimental effects of biomedical waste accumulation in the environment. Waste from medical facilities such as hospitals and clinics is also dangerous and can spread the infection into the environment. Therefore, the lack of people's knowledge of biomedical waste disposal is likely to hinder the market growth in the coming years. Also, setting up a waste disposal company is expensive, and services such as autoclaving are expensive. Such factors are expected to further hamper the growth of the medical waste disposal market.

Trends on medical waste management:

The medical waste disposal market's largest share is predicted to go to incinerators.

Since burning is the most popular and widely utilised technique of getting rid of medical waste, even if it is not environmentally safe because it causes global warming, it is projected that this market sector would account for a sizable portion of the overall market. In the upcoming years, convenience and fewer capital expenditures are projected to have a positive impact on this segment's growth. In the midst of the pandemic, a number of hospitals and healthcare facilities viewed cremation as one of the greatest solutions for disposing of medical waste since it significantly slowed the spread of the virus. The market sector is therefore anticipated to develop throughout the course of the projected period as a result of the aforementioned factors.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Medical Waste Management Market:

The COVID-19 pandemic has revolutionized the healthcare industry in many ways, and this trend is influencing trends around the world. As infectious diseases spread across the globe, the utilization of healthcare infrastructure increased significantly and this massive influx posed significant challenges to hospital waste management. Governments and medical institutions around the world are struggling to keep up with this growing amount of waste, and demand for genotoxic, pharmaceutical and infectious waste disposal will increase in 2020. The medical waste disposal market is expected to witness significant growth in the post-pandemic era as governments around the world introduce increasingly stringent waste management regulations and focus on environmental protection. Medical sterilization is a key trend during the pandemic, and growing awareness of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) is expected to increase the demand for medical sterilization post-pandemic. Introduction of Medical Waste Management

Medical waste management is the result of surgical, treatment and medical procedures that are executive in hospitals. Infectious and non-infectious waste, such as used medical supplies, contaminated objects, and biological waste, are all considered to be a part of biom...

Patna ˈ p æ t n ə ˈ p ʌ t ʔ Hindustani ˈpəʈnaː අසන න is the and largest city of the state of in India It had an estimate

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Bangalore, India metro area from 1950 to 2025.

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Lucknow, India metro area from 1950 to 2025.

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Hyderabad, India metro area from 1950 to 2025.

The internet penetration rate in India rose over 55 percent in 2025, from about 14 percent in 2014. Although these figures seem relatively low, it meant that more than half of the population of 1.4 billion people had internet access that year. This also ranked the country second in the world in terms of active internet users. Internet availability and accessibility By 2021 the number of internet connections across the country tripled with urban areas accounting for a higher density of connections than rural regions. Despite incredibly low internet prices, internet usage in India has yet to reach its full potential. Lack of awareness and a tangible gender gap lie at the heart of the matter, with affordable mobile handsets and mobile internet connections presenting only a partial solution. Reliance Jio was the popular choice among Indian internet subscribers, offering them wider coverage at cheap rates. Digital living Home to one of the largest bases of netizens in the world, India is abuzz with internet activities being carried out every moment of every day. From information and research to shopping and entertainment to living in smart homes, Indians have welcomed digital living with open arms. Among these, social media usage was one of the most common reasons for accessing the internet.

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Calcutta, India metro area from 1950 to 2025.

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Madras, India metro area from 1950 to 2025.

Abstract

National Statistical Office (NSO) of India will be conducting Annual Survey on Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) 2023-24 during October 2023 to September 2024.

Objective of Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) 2023-24

Objective of Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) is to exclusively measure various economic and operational characteristics of unincorporated non-agricultural establishments pertaining to manufacturing, trade and other services sector (excluding construction). The unit of enquiry of the ASUSE is an ‘establishment’. The main indicators of this survey are various economic characteristics such as, estimated number of establishments, estimated number of workers, GVA per worker, GVA per establishment, emoluments per hired worker, etc. Besides, it also collects information on different types of operational characteristics such as type of ownership, type of location of the establishment, nature of operation, registration status, use of ICT, etc. However, while generating estimates from unit level data, the user should take into account the fact that any study variable created by the user as a combination of two or more operational characteristics (for example, whether the establishment is an NPI and maintaining audited books of accounts) may result in very few sample observations in that domain and hence, can produce estimates which may not be reliable. Besides the study variable, the survey has also gathered auxiliary information on the item 1401 - “Income of the establishment from the entrepreneurial activity(ies) (excluding all kind of agricultural income)” in Block 14. The sole purpose of gathering on this item was to check the internal consistency and validation of the data and not to compile estimates/indicators based on this information. While using the estimates for the Union Territories and smaller States, it may be kept in mind that the sample sizes for them may not be adequate enough for getting sufficiently reliable estimates and interpretation thereof should be made with caution. Similarly, while interpreting the results using estimates at much deeper cross-sectional level (e.g. district level), data users must keep in mind the inadequacy, if any, of the corresponding domain specific samples before arriving at any conclusion. Renting of building for residential purpose was included in coverage of activities in ASUSE 2023-24 under a special NIC code 68108 which was not collected in ASUSE 2022-23. A separate table has been presented in the report providing the estimated number of establishments and workers in different States/UTs engaged in the activity of renting for residential purpose. However, estimates presented in this report in all other tables and statements exclude those establishments.

Comparability of ASUSE 2023-24 with previous ASUSE:

There has been some change in the treatment of "teachers providing tuition" and "individuals serving as housemaids, cooks, gardeners, governesses, babysitters, chowkidars, night watchmen, etc." in ASUSE 2023-24 in comparison to ASUSE 2022-23 or ASUSE 2021-22. Teachers providing tuitions to students by visiting the households of students in lieu of fixed remuneration was treated as out of coverage in earlier ASUSE (2021-22 and 2022-23). However, in ASUSE 2023-24, they were considered within coverage. Similarly, the individuals serving as housemaids, cooks, gardeners, governess, babysitters, chowkidars, night watchman, etc. to a number of households/establishments for activities like grooming of the floor, dusting, cleaning of utensils were treated as self-employed and were covered in ASUSE 2023-24 but not in ASUSE 2021-22 and ASUSE 2022-23. Users may take due cognizance of this fact while using the data for comparison purposes.

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the rural and urban areas of whole of India (except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which are difficult to access). The definitions of urban and rural areas as per census 2011 are given below:

Urban: Constituents of urban area are Statutory Towns, Census Towns and Outgrowths.

Statutory Town (ST): All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified towns area committee, etc.

Census Town (CT): Places that satisfy the following criteria are termed as Census Towns (CTs). a. A minimum population of 5000 b. At least 75% of the male main working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits c. A density of population of at least 400 per sq.km.

Out Growth (OG): Out Growth should be a viable unit such as a village or part of a village contiguous to a statutory town and possess the urban features in terms of infrastructure and amenities such as pucca roads, electricity, taps, drainage system, education institutions, post offices, medical facilities, banks, etc. Examples of OGs are Railway colonies, University campuses, Port areas, that may come up near a CT or statutory towns outside its statutory limits but within the revenue limit of a village or villages contiguous to the town or city.

Urban Agglomeration (UA): It is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths (OGs) or two or more physically contiguous towns together and any adjoining urban out-growth of such towns.

Rural: All area other than urban are rural. The basic unit for rural area is the revenue village.

Sampling procedure

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage sampling design will be adopted for ASUSE.

Rural sector: The first stage units (FSU) will be the census villages in the rural sector. For rural part of Kerala, Panchayat wards (PW) will be taken as FSUs.

Urban sector: The First Stage Units (FSU) will be the latest updated UFS (Urban Frame Survey) blocks.

The Ultimate Stage Units (USU) will be establishments for both the sectors. In the case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling will be the selection of three hamlet-groups (HGs)/sub-blocks (SBs) from each of the large FSUs.

Sampling frame to be used for selection of FSUs

Census 2011 list of villages will be used as the sampling frame for rural areas. Auxiliary information such as number of workers, etc. available from Sixth Economic Census (EC) frame will be used for stratification, sub-stratification and selection of FSUs, for rural areas (except Kerala). In rural areas of Kerala, list of Panchayat Wards (PW) as per Census 2011 will be used as sampling frame. For all urban areas, the latest updated list of UFS blocks will be the sampling frame.

Stratification of FSUs:

Rural sector: Each NSS State region will constitute a rural stratum.

Urban sector: In urban areas, strata will be formed within each NSS State region on the basis of population of towns as per Census 2011. The tentative stratum numbers and their composition (within each NSS State region) will be as follows:

stratum 1 : all towns with population less than 50,000 stratum 2 : all towns with population 50,000 or more but less than 3 lakhs stratum 3 : all towns with population 3 lakhs or more but less than 10 lakhs stratum 4, 5, 6, ... : each city with population 10 lakhs or more

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Indore, India metro area from 1950 to 2025.

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Bhubaneswar, India metro area from 1950 to 2025.